I nā ululāʻau equatorial, hana ʻia nā lepo ʻulaʻula-melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula ferralite, piha i ka aluminika a me ka hao, i hāʻawi i ka honua i kahi ʻulaʻula. Kūkulu kēia ʻano lepo i ka mahana a me ka mahana i ke aniau a me nā ʻano pae. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka awelika o ka mahana o ka makahiki ma aneʻi he + 25 kekelē Celsius. Ma mua o 2,500 millimeter o ka ua e hāʻule i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Nā lepo-ʻulaʻula
Kūpono nā lepo ferralite ʻulaʻula melemele i ka ulu lāʻau i nā ululāʻau equatorial. Maanei e hoʻohua nui nā lāʻau. I ke kaʻina o ka hana nui, piha ka honua i nā hui mineral. Loaʻa i ka lepo Ferralite ma kahi o 5% humus. ʻO ka morphology o nā lepo ʻulaʻula melemele e like me kēia:
- ʻōpala ulu lāʻau;
- humus layer - moe ma 12-17 kenimika, he ʻeleʻele-hina, melemele a ʻulaʻula-ʻalani, i loaʻa ka silt;
- makua pōhaku e hāʻawi i kahi ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele i ka lepo.
Nā lepo lepo
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lepo ferralite ʻula me kahi ua ma waena o ka ua a hiki i ka 1800 millimeter i kēlā me kēia makahiki a inā he kau maloʻo no ʻekolu mau mahina. Ma ia mau lepo, ʻaʻole ulu nui nā lāʻau, a ma nā papa haʻahaʻa e piʻi ka nui o nā laʻalāʻau a me nā mauʻu mau. Ke hiki mai ke kau maloʻo, maloʻo ka honua a ʻike ʻia i nā kukuna ultraviolet. Hāʻawi kēia i ka lepo i kahi hue ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka papa o luna he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Aia kēia ʻano lepo ma kahi o 4-10% humus. Kuhi ʻia kēia lepo e ke kaʻina hana o ka lateritization. I nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona, hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāina ʻulaʻula ma nā pōhaku pālolo, a hāʻawi kēia i ka momona haʻahaʻa.
Nā subtypes lepo
ʻIke ʻia ka lepo margelite ma nā ululāʻau equatorial. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i nā pālolo a loaʻa i kahi nui o nā waikawa. Haahaa loa ka momona o kēia lepo. ʻIke ʻia nā lepo Ferleyite gley i nā ululāʻau equatorial. Pulu loa kēia a me nā ʻāina saline a pono lākou e ninini ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻano flora āpau ke ulu ma luna o lākou.
Hoihoi
I nā ululāʻau equatorial, hana nui ʻia nā lepo ferralite - ʻulaʻula a me ʻulaʻula-melemele. Hoʻonui waiwai ʻia lākou me ka hao, hydrogen a me ka aluminika. Kūpono kēlā ʻano ʻāina no nā mea ulu he mau kaukani, keu hoʻi nā mea e pono ai ka pumehana mau a me ka hou. Ma muli o ka ua mau i nā ua equatorial, ua holoi ʻia kekahi mau meaola mai ka lepo, kahi mea e hoʻololi mālie i kona ʻano.
