ʻO ka bison ʻEulopa, a i ʻole ka bison ʻEulopa, ʻo ia kekahi o nā māmela nui nui ma ʻEulopa. Ua piʻi kona kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o ʻelua mau mika, a ʻo ke kaumaha o nā kāne i kekahi manawa hiki i 1000 kg. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka bison ʻEulopa ma mua o kona ʻaoʻao ʻAmelika, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka mane ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī a ma ka lae. He pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi ko nā kāne ʻelua.
I kēia lā, ʻelua wale nō laina genis o bison i ola - Caucasian a me Belovezhsky - papu. ʻO kā lākou heluna nui e pili ana ma kahi o 4,000 mau kānaka e noho pio ana a ma ka nāhelehele hoʻi. No laila, ua helu ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻano mea aneane pau ʻole a ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
Nā ʻano nui
ʻO ka Bison ʻEulopa (Bison Bonasus), e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ʻohana ʻAmelika, ʻo Bison. Eia nō naʻe, nui kona nui. Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia i ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia iwakālua, aia kahi ʻano i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka Bison lowland, e like me ka ʻikepili e koe nei, ua hōʻea i 1200 kg. I kēia lā ua haʻahaʻa loa kēia kiʻi, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ka 1000 kg māka. A no laila e nānā pono i nā palena o kēia mau holoholona.
ʻO Bison Bonasus he:
- ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele;
- kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 188 cm;
- lōʻihi o ke kino - 2.1 - 3.1 m;
- ka lōʻihi o ka huelo - 30-60 cm;
- ke piʻi nei ke kaumaha o nā wahine ma waena o kahi radius o 300 - 540 kg;
- ke kaumaha o nā kāne he 430-1000 kg;
- ke ola ke ola pio i 30 mau makahiki;
- ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma ka nahelehele he 25 mau makahiki.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kino o ka bison, me kahi umauma hoʻomohala maikaʻi. ʻO ka ʻāʻī pōkole a me ke kua kiʻekiʻe e hana i kahi puʻupuʻu. Liʻiliʻi ka waha, nui ka lae a ākea. Hūnā ʻia nā pepeiao ākea ākea e nā mea kanu nui ma ke poʻo. He pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi ko nā kāne ʻelua.
Hāʻule ka wā male i ʻAukake - Kepakemapa. Ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa kūpaʻa, hele pinepine ʻia ka bison ʻEulopa me nā bipi kūloko, a ʻo kahi hopena e hōʻike ʻia ai nā hybrids.
Kahi nohona kūlohelohe
He wahi nahelehele a me nā ʻano nahele huikau ʻo Bison habitat ma ka hapanui o ʻEulopa - mai Lūkia a me Suedena hema a hiki i nā Balkans a me Sepania ʻākau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui pū me lākou i ka nahele-steppe a me nā steppe, ma kahi o nā kope. ʻO kahi mea nui ma aneʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ulu lāʻau me kahi ākea, no kahi noho ʻoluʻolu a me ka maluhia.
I loko o nā kenekulia, ke emi nei ka helu o Bison ma ke ʻano he neʻe o nā ululāʻau a me nā mea alualu i hoʻoneʻe i kēia mau holoholona mai ko lākou wahi maoli. No laila, i ka makahiki 1927, ua pepehi ʻia ka bison hihiu hope loa o ʻEulopa ma ka hema o Lūkia. ʻO nā zoo, ma kahi o 50 mau kānaka i lilo i ola.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua piʻi iki ka helu o Bison mai ia manawa, a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kahi mau holoholona i ka nāhelehele. I kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Bison i nā waihona i Polani a me Lituania, Belarus a me Ukraine, Romania, Lukia, Solowakia, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova a me Sepania. Hoʻolālā ʻia e noho hou i nā holoholona i Kelemania a me Netherlands.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻAi ʻo Bison i nā meaʻai mea kanu. Hoʻololi kā lākou papaʻai a hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi o 400 mau ʻano mea kanu. I ke kauwela, hānai pinepine lākou i ka mauʻu lush. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā wana a me ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau. I ka hāʻule, ʻai ʻia ka acorn me ka leʻaleʻa. Inā ʻaʻole lawa kā lākou meaʻai punahele, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā hua, nā lau, nā nila, ka limu a me nā laikini. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻimi lākou i nā koena ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mea kanu ma lalo o ka hau, ʻai i ka hau.
I ke kauwela, hiki i kahi bipi makua ke ʻai a hiki i 32 kg o ka hānai a inu e pili ana i 50 liters o ka wai, kahi bipi - a 23 kg a me 30 liters.
Makemake nā holoholona i ka inu i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ia ke kumu i ka hoʻoilo hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pehea ka wāwahi ʻana o ka Bison i ka hau i ka waihona me kahi mākia e hiki ai i ka wai.
Hoʻohua a me ke ala o ke ola
ʻO ka wā hānau no nā bison ʻEulopa mai ʻAukake a ʻOkakopa. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka hakakā a me ka lili o nā bipi. Neʻe nā mākua ma waena o nā hui wahine, e ʻimi ana i kahi bipi i mākaukau e hoa. Noho pinepine lākou me ia, i mea e hōʻalo ai i ka hoʻi ʻana o ka wahine i ka pipi a i mea e pale aku ai i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e hoʻokokoke iā ia.
ʻO ka manawa hānau ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau mahina a hānau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā keiki bipi ma waena o Mei a Iulai. ʻO ka maʻamau hiki i ka wahine Bison ke hānau i hoʻokahi keiki wale nō, akā i kekahi manawa ua loaʻa nā māhoe. Kū ke keiki bipi ma ko lākou mau wāwae ponoʻī ma hope o kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a ukuhi ʻia lākou mai ka umauma i ka makahiki 7-12.
Ua hōʻea ʻo Bison i ka moekolohe ma hope o 3-4 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, mālama ʻo Bison wahine i nā pūʻulu o 2-6 mau bipi wahine me nā keiki bipi a hiki i ʻekolu mau makahiki. Hoʻokaʻawale nā kāne a i ʻole nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole i ka wā o ka male ʻana, makemake ʻo Bison e huddle i nā kau nui i ka hoʻoilo. Ma kahi like, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi no lākou e pale aku i nā mea hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole nui nā ʻenemi o ka bison ʻEulopa, ʻo nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā bea wale nō ke hoʻāʻo e kiʻi hou i ka bipi keiki mai ka ʻohana. ʻĀ, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui ka poachers, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana kūʻē iā lākou ma mua o ka ʻīlio hae wī.
