Bipi musk - holoholona lōkahi i pūlou ʻia. Noho pū me ka mammoth. Akā ʻaʻole like me ia, ʻaʻole pio loa. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kona kaha kūlohelohe i nā ʻāpana o Greenland a me ka North American Arctic. I kēia manawa, ma muli o ke kuʻina hoʻopunipuni, ua hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Siberia a me Scandinavia.
ʻO ka inoa "musk ox" i lawe ʻia ma Rūsia kahi unuhi maoli ia o ka inoa generic Latin ʻo Ovibos. Kāhea ʻia ka holoholona he bipi musk. Loaʻa kēia i ka pilau e hele mai nā kāne i ka wā rutting. Inuit - Nā India, nona ka ʻāina i loaʻa ai nā bipi musk, kāhea lākou he ʻumiʻumi lākou.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Bipi musk i ke kiʻi ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o kahi holoholona shaggy o ka waena a nui paha. ʻO ka laulā kahi e loli ai ka nui a me ke kaumaha o nā mākua. Pili lākou i ka moekolohe a me ka nohona o kahi bipi i hāʻawi ʻia. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne makua i 350 kg, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe mai ka honua a i nā mea mae e pili ana i 150 cm. ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā wahine he hapalua o ke kaupaona, a 30% ka liʻiliʻi ma ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO Greenland Komohana ka home o nā bipi musk hihiu nui loa. I ke kūkulu ʻākau - ka liʻiliʻi loa. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā mea āpau e ka loaʻa o ka hānai. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, kahi e koi ʻia ai ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana e loaʻa ka meaʻai, hiki i nā kāne ke loaʻa ma mua o 650 kg o ke kaupaona, a hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻopaʻa i 300 kg. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne e hōʻike nui ʻia i ka nui o nā holoholona.
E like me Tibet yak, bipi musk uhi ʻia i ka lepo me ka huluhulu, huluhulu hulu shaggy. ʻO ka mea e hōʻike iā ia he holoholona momona, muscular. Hoʻohui ʻia ka manaʻo o ka ikaika e ka scruff a me kahi poʻo nui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Me nā pepeiaohao, hana ke poʻo i mea kaua nui kuʻi.
ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine he pepeiaohao. No nā kāne, lawelawe lākou ma ka pale ʻana i nā ʻenemi kūwaho, akā he mea kaua nō hoʻi i ka hana ʻana o nā hoʻokūkū moena. No kēia kumu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pepeiaohao o nā kāne. Hiki lākou i kā lākou nui i ka makahiki 6. Maliʻa paha, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia makahiki i ka heyday o ka kāne musk bipi.
ʻAno like nā pepeiaohao bipi Musk me nā pepeiaohao o nā buffaloes ʻApelika. Ua mānoanoa nā kumu, ua neʻe i kekahi i kekahi a kaomi ʻia i ka iwi poʻo. ʻAʻohe kumu o ka mānoanoa o nā wahine, ma ka ʻaoʻao mua ma waena o nā pepeiaohao aia kahi ʻili o ka ʻili i hoʻonui ʻia me ka hulu keʻokeʻo.
Kūpono nā ʻāpana waena o nā pepeiaohao i ke poʻo e like me nā pepeiao e kau ana, a laila piʻi i luna. Nānā i nā piko o nā pepeiaohao, i nā ʻaoʻao a i mua iki. Nā bipi Musk ma Taimyr Loaʻa iaʻu nā pepeiaohao a 80 cm ka lōʻihi. Aia ka lōʻihi ma waena o 60 cm. Hiki ke anawaena kumu i 14 cm.
Nui ka iwi poʻo o ka bipi musk. Moe ka lae a me ka ihu i ka mokulele hoʻokahi. I ke ʻano, hoʻohālikelike ka iwi poʻo i kahi pahu huinahā a 50 cm ka lōʻihi a hiki i 25 knm ākea. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā iwi ihu e 15-16 knm. ʻO ka lālani o nā niho ma kahi o 15 knm ka laulā. ʻO ka anatomy o ke poʻo, e like me ka iwi ā a me nā niho, ua like ia me ka bovine. ʻO ke koena o ke kino e like me ke kao.
ʻOkoʻa ʻokoʻa ka kala o ka bipi musk. ʻO kaʻaʻahu ma ke poʻo a me ke kino o lalo e ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke koena o ke kino i ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, uahi. Kākaʻikahi loa ka bipi musb albino. Pipi kauō keʻokeʻo i nā wahi kahi e moe ai ka hau 70% o ka manawa ke nānā pono ia.
Nā ʻano
I ko mākou manawa, aia kekahi ʻano o ka bipi musk. Kāhea nā kānaka ʻepekema iā ia ʻo Ovibos moschatus. Pili ia i ka genus Ovibos, nona ka inoa maʻamau e like me ka ʻano, ka musk ox. ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo koke nā biologists i ke ʻano o ka genus. I ka mua, a hiki i ke kenekulia 19, ua pili nā bipi musk me ka subvamily bovine.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi no kekahi mau hōʻailona bipi musk — holoholona, ka mea pono e hāʻawi ʻia i ka subfamily kao. E nā ʻano morphological, like ka bipi musk me ka takin holoholona Himalayan (Budorcas taxicolor). Hoʻohālike kēia artiodactyl medium-medium i kahi antelope bizarre a me kahi bipi i ka manawa like.
Ua loaʻa nā biologists i nā hōʻailona maʻamau me nā bipi musk i nā gorala - nā kao nui e noho ana ma waenakonu a me ka hikina o ʻAsia. ʻO nā wahi a me nā kūlana o ke ola o nā goral a me nā takins ʻokoʻa ka nui mai ka wahi noho o nā bipi musk. ʻO kēia paha ke kumu o ka nānā aku ʻole o nā bipi ʻelua i kahi bipi musk. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi pilina, koi ka ʻepekema i kēia.
Ma waena o nā genera pio, ʻo Praeovibos, a i ʻole ka pilikū musk nunui, ka mea kokoke i ka bipi musk. Wahi a kekahi poʻe akeakamai no ka iho mai ka bipi musk o kēia lā mai Praeovibos mai. Manaʻo kekahi he ola a hoʻomohala nā holoholona i ka manawa like. Ua laki ʻole ka bipi musk nunui a ua lilo aku i ka make, ʻoiai ua ola ka bipi musk maʻamau i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole o ke kūkulu ʻākau.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Ola ka bipi musk i nā wahi me ka hoʻoilo lōʻihi a me ka ua liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka holoholona ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka hau. ʻO kahi uhi ākea a hiki i ka hapalua mika ka hohonu ʻaʻole ia he mea pale iā ia. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻoilo, makemake ʻo ia e noho ma nā pali, kahi kiʻekiʻe, nā kapa muliwai kiʻekiʻe, mai kahi a ka hau e puhi ai ka makani.
I ke kauwela, neʻe nā bipi musk i ke kapa akahai o nā kahawai a me nā loko, nā wahi momona i nā mea kanu. Hoʻololi mau ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana. I nā lā makani, hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka manawa hou aku e hoʻomaha ai. I nā lā mālie, ma muli o ka hana o ka gnat, neʻe hou nā musk bipi. ʻO Kau hoʻoilo kahi wā hoʻomaha. Hoʻopili ka pūʻulu i kahi hui paʻa, a pēlā e pale ai iā ia iho mai ke anuanu a me ka makani.
I ka hoʻoilo, hui pū ʻia nā pūʻā bipi musk. Ma waho aʻe o nā kāne makua, ʻo ka pūʻā wahine me nā keiki bipi, nā bipi wahine, nā holoholona ʻōpio o nā kāne ʻelua. Hoʻopili ka hui i nā holoholona 15-20. I ke kauwela, hoʻemi ka nui o nā bipi musk i loko o ka pā. ʻO nā wahine me nā keiki bipi, nā holoholona i hōʻea ʻole i ke oʻo i loko o ka pā.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻAe ka ʻano ʻākau i nā bipi musk e hānai ma kahi o 34 mau ʻano mauʻu a me 12 mauʻano ulu lāʻau, a ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokomo ʻia nā laikini a me nā limu i ka papaʻai o nā holoholona. I ka hoʻoilo, maloʻo nā kumu a me nā lau o nā pua a me nā mea kanu, nā lālā willow ʻōpio, ʻai ʻia nā laikini.
I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, iho nā bipi musk i nā wahi haʻahaʻa i waiwai i nā mea kanu. ʻAi ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu o ka mauʻu pulupulu, nā ʻōpuʻu o ka sedge, sorrel, oxalis. Huki ʻia nā lau a me nā wana mai nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. ʻAʻole like me ka reindeer, hoʻolohe ka poʻe bipi musk i nā limu a me nā laikini, akā ʻai i ke koena o nā greens i hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Hoʻomaka ka hānai ʻana o nā bipi keiki I hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻohi lākou i nā lau o nā mea kanu. I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, ʻai ikaika lākou i ka meaʻai mea kanu. I nā mahina ʻelima, hānai ʻia nā keiki bipi, mai ka waiū o ka makuahine, hoʻololi loa i ka meaʻai makua.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hiki i nā wahine ke hāʻawi i kā lākou bipi keiki mua i nā makahiki ʻelua. Makua nā kāne ma ka makahiki 3, akā lilo i mau mākua ma hope, ke hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ka ikaika e lawa hou i kā lākou harem liʻiliʻi ponoʻī. ʻAʻole ʻae nā kāne kūleʻa i kā lākou pono me ka hakakā ʻole.
ʻIke ʻia ka hoihoi i nā pilikia hānau. I ka waenakonu o ke kauwela a hiki i ka hopena ke hoʻopau. ʻO nā lā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka moekolohe ma nā wahine pili i ke ʻano o ka wā a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mauʻu. I nā bipi, i ke kakali ʻana i ke kau moʻo e neʻeneʻe mai ana, e loaʻa a hui pū me ka pūʻā. Inā he mau kāne hoʻokūkū i loko, hoʻomaka ka hakakā no ka mana i kēia hui o nā holoholona.
ʻO nā hakakā o nā bipi musk e like me nā hakakā o nā hipa kāne. Kūleʻa ka duelists me ko lākou lae, a i ʻole, me nā kumu ākea o nā pepeiaohao. Inā ʻaʻole e hana ka hahau i ka manaʻo kūpono, hoʻopuehu nā hoa hakakā a holo hou e hui pū kekahi me kekahi. ʻO ka hope, hāʻawi kekahi o nā bipi a haʻalele i ka hui. I kekahi manawa alakaʻi ʻia kahi hahau i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, e like me ka make.
Hiki i ke kāne ke uhi ma kahi o 20 mau wahine i ka wā o Rut. I nā pūʻā nui, ke piʻi ka nui o nā wahine i nā hiki o ke kāne, kū nā kāne nui o ka pae lua. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ola kaiaulu i loko o ka pā. Kū wale nā hoʻokūkū. I ka hopena, hoʻonā ʻia nā pilikia āpau me ka hoʻokahe ʻole o ke koko.
Hāpai ka wahine i ka fetus ma kahi o 8 mau mahina. ʻIke ʻia ke keiki bipi i ka puna. ʻAʻohe hānau ʻia nā māhoe. Hānau ʻia ka hānau keiki ʻana i loko o ka pā a i kahi mamao iki paha. Ma 10-20 mau minuke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, kū kū wiwo ʻole ke keiki bipi licked. Ma hope o ka hapalua hola, hoʻomaka ka māla hānau e hānai i ka waiū.
ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o nā keiki bipi hou he 7-13 kg. I nā wahine ʻoi aku ka nui a ikaika hoʻi, ua kaumaha nā keiki bipi. Ma muli o nā hua pono o ka waiū, hōʻea nā holoholona ʻōpio i 40-45 kg e 2 mau mahina. Ma nā mahina 4, hiki i nā holoholona ulu ke ʻai a hiki i 75 kg. I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi, hiki i ke kaumaha o ka bipi keiki i 90 kg.
Kaumaha a nui musk bipi lilo i maximum ma 5 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, i kekahi manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope. Hiki i nā pipi Musk ke ola no 15-20 mau makahiki. I ko lākou kūlohelohe, he ola pōkole ko kēia mau artiodactyls. Ma kahi o 14 mau makahiki, haʻalele nā wahine i ka hānau ʻana i nā keiki. I ke pio ʻana, me ka lako pono o ka meaʻai, hiki i ka holoholona ke ola no kahi hapahā o ke kenekulia.
Mālama hale a me ka mālama ʻana
ʻO nā heluna ʻākau o ka dia a me ka bipi musk nā holoholona wale nō i mālama ʻia i nā ʻano subpolar. He akahai nō nā hopena o ka mahiʻai ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana i nā bipi musk, akā ʻaʻohe manaʻolana ʻole. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā bipi musk i nā mahiʻai mahiʻai ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi hoʻolaha.
ʻO nā bipi Musk he mau holoholona paʻa, kūpono kūpono no ke ola ma nā wahi paʻa mau a me nā peni. ʻO ka wahi i koi ʻia no ke ola o hoʻokahi bipi musk ma kahi o 50 - 70 hectares. Me he mea lā he kiʻi koʻikoʻi kēia, akā ʻaʻole ma nā kūlana ʻākau, kahi hakahaka he ʻumi, haneli mau tausani heka i kūpono no ka hānai ʻana i nā bipi mākeke. Inā nō naʻe, hoʻokomo ʻia nā hānai a me nā hānai pūhui i loko o ka ration o nā holoholona, hoʻemi ʻia ka wahi hānai i 4-8 hectares no kēlā me kēia.
Ma waho aʻe o ka pā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pā, ke kūkulu ʻia nei he mau hale manu ma ka mahiʻai no ka mālama ʻana i nā lako hānai, nā mea hana, a me nā pono hana. Kūkulu ʻia nā mīkini (mīkini) e hoʻoponopono i nā holoholona i ka wā o ke kāhili. Hoʻopuni nā mea hānai a me nā mea inu i ka papa inoa o nā lakohana mahiʻai nui a me nā hale. No nā holoholona ponoʻī, hiki i nā pale ke kau ʻia e pale aku iā lākou mai ka makani. ʻAʻole koi ʻia kahi malu kūikawā i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO Kanada a me USA he 50 mau makahiki o ka ʻike i ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā bipi musk. I ko mākou ʻāina, komo nā mea hoihoi i kēia ʻoihana. Ua manaʻo ʻia he 20 mau rubles ka nui o kahi mahiʻai no 20 mau holoholona. Hoʻopili kēia i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā holoholona, nā hana kūkulu, a me nā uku o nā limahana.
I hoʻokahi makahiki, e uku piha ka mahiʻai a hoʻonui i 30 miliona i ka loaʻa kālā. Down (giviot) i loaʻa mai nā holoholona i manaʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he huahana nui o ka mahiʻai. I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, pono e hoʻonui i nā loaʻa kālā mai ka ʻiʻo, nā ʻili a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā holoholona ola.
Kumukūʻai
I loko nō o kā lākou kākaʻikahi, ka palena o ke kū hoʻokahi, kūʻai ʻia nā holoholona i kekahi ʻano a i ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hāʻawi no ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio. Kumukūʻai musk hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia ma muli o ka helu o nā kānaka i loaʻa, kahi i hele mai ai lākou. Hiki i nā mahiʻai a me nā zoo ke lilo i poʻe kūʻai aku.
Maliʻa paha, aia ke kumukūʻai o hoʻokahi holoholona ma ke kaha o 50 - 150 tausani. Ma waho aʻe o nā keiki bipi a me nā holoholona makua, ʻike ʻia ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka huluhulu bipi musk. He mea waiwai kēia. ʻLelo ka poʻe loea, ʻo ka giviot (a i ʻole ka giviut) - ka undercoat i ulana ʻia nā wili huluhulu - he 8 mau manawa mehana a 5 mau manawa keu aku ka pipiʻi ma mua o ka hulu hipa.
ʻAʻole wale ka paʻakikī o ka huluhulu bipi musk i ka loaʻa ʻana iā ia. Koi ʻia kahi ʻike e hiki ai ke hōʻoia ʻo ia ka hulu hipa o ka bipi musk e hāʻawi ʻia ana. Ke kūʻai ʻana i giviot ma o ka Pūnaewele, ʻo ka manaʻolana wale nō e hōʻalo i kahi hoʻopunipuni nā loiloi a me ka hilinaʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
Ua hōʻike nā bipi Musk i nā helu ola paradoxical. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i ka papa inoa o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo mammoth fauna. ʻO lākou nā mammoth i koho ʻia iā lākou iho, nā predator niho ʻoki a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā bipi Musk. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā koena o nā holoholona i loaʻa. Akā ua make nā mammoth lehulehu a ikaika hoʻi, a ua ola nā bipi musk kakaikahi a paʻakikī.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā bipi musk ma ka ʻĀkau Lūkia, ma Taimyr, pili pono i nā kulekele ʻē aʻe. I nā makahiki 70 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi thaw i nā pilina ma waena o ka Soviet Union a me nā ʻāina kapitalista. ʻO ke Kuhina Nui Kanada ʻo Trudeau i kipa aku iā Norilsk, kahi i aʻo ai ʻo ia e pili ana i ka papahana no ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā bipi musk i ka ʻākau o ka USSR.
Aia kahi papahana, ʻaʻole lawa nā holoholona. Ke hōʻike nei i nā manaʻo maikaʻi, ua kauoha ʻo Trudeau a ua hāʻawi ʻo Kanada ma 1974 i nā kāne he 5 a me nā wahine 5 no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā bipi musk i ka tundra Soviet. ʻAʻole makemake ka poʻe ʻAmelika e lohi i hope a lawe mai i 40 mau holoholona i ka USSR. Ua aʻa nā holoholona Kanada a me ʻAmelika. Nui nā haneli o kā lākou mamo i kēia lā e holoholo i ka tundra Lūkini.
ʻO nā bipi Musk ma Rūsia hānai maikaʻi ʻia, e like me ma Wrangel Island. Ma kēia panalāʻau, ua hoʻomaka lākou e noho kokoke i ka reindeer - like me lākou, ka poʻe o ka wā mammoths. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻokūkū meaʻai ma waena o kēia, ʻaʻohe o nā holoholona luku loa.
I ka paio no ka meaʻai, ʻaʻohe mea eo. Noho pū nā holoholona a hānau kūleʻa a hiki i kēia lā. Hōʻike kēia i ka hiki ʻole o ka luku ke hiki aku i ka North North, me ka nele o ka meaʻai. Ma muli o ka make ʻole o ka meaʻai anuanu a maikaʻi ʻole i nā holoholona archaic, a laila hana ka poʻe kahiko. ʻO ia, ke kuhiakau o ke aniau o ka luku ʻia e ke anthropogenic.
