Tench - iʻa iʻa carp, kahi kamaʻāina i noho i nā kahawai a me nā loko. Manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka iʻa ma muli o ka molt kūlana: maloʻo ka tench i paʻa a hāʻule ka mucus e uhi ana i kona kino. Wahi a kekahi mana hou aʻe, hele mai ka inoa o ka iʻa mai ka huaʻōlelo a i ka paʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka palu o ka like o ka mucus.
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kahi hānau o ka laina i nā waihona wai o ʻEulopa. Mai ʻEulopa, ua pālahalaha nā iʻa ma nā kahawai ʻo Siberian a me nā loko, a hiki i Lake Baikal. ʻImi ʻia i loaʻa ma Caucasus a me ʻAkia Waena. Ua hoʻāʻo pinepine lākou e neʻe aku iā Lin. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o nā kino wai o ʻAkau ʻApelika, ʻInia, ʻAukekulia.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻomaka ke ʻano o kēia iʻa me pehea ke ʻano o ka tench... ʻAʻole ʻālohilohi kona mau unahi me ke kālā a me ke kila, akā ke nānā aku e like me ke keleawe ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka luna pouli, nā ʻaoʻao māmā, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kala - mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke keleawe a mai ka ʻeleʻele a i ka ʻoliva - kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona.
ʻO ke kino kala ʻokoʻa i kākoʻo ʻia e nā maka ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā peʻa āpau a me ka waha manoanoa e hoʻonui i ka manaʻo o ke kino kikokiko o ka ʻelima. Mai nā kihi o ka waha e kau i lalo i kahi antennae liʻiliʻi, ʻano o kekahi mau carps.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kaulana o ka tench ka nui o nā mucus i hūnā ʻia e nā lehulehu, nā glands liʻiliʻi aia ma lalo o nā unahi. Lin i ke kiʻi ma muli o kēia slime ke nānā aku, e like me ka ʻōlelo a nā lawaiʻa, snotty. ʻO Mucus - kahi huna viscoelastic - uhi ke kino o ka iʻa iʻa. Loaʻa i kekahi mau mea hou aʻe, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO Lin ka mea hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā cyprinids i ka nui o ka mucus o luna.
Loaʻa ʻo Lin i nā wahi ʻilihune i ka oxygen, akā waiwai i nā parasites a me nā bacteria pathogenic. Hana ke kino o ka tench i nā mea hoʻoweliweli mai ke kaiapuni e ka hūnā ʻana i nā mucus - glycoproteins, a i ʻole, e like me ke kapa ʻia ʻana o kēia mau mea i kēia manawa, nā mucins. Pāʻani kēia mau mole mole mole i ke kuleana pale nui.
ʻO ke kūlike o ka mucus e like me ka gel. Hiki iā ia ke kahe e like me kahi wai, akā hiki iā ia ke kū i kahi ukana e like me kahi paʻa. ʻAe kēlā i ka tench e pakele ʻaʻole wale mai nā parasite, e hōʻalo i nā hōʻeha ke ʻauʻau i waena o nā snags, i kekahi ʻano, e pale aku i nā niho o nā iʻa iʻa.
He waiwai hoola ko ka Mucus a he antibiotic maoli nō ia. Wahi a nā lawaiʻa, ʻo ka iʻa ʻeha, a ʻo nā pikes hoʻi, hamo i ka tench e hoʻōla i ka ʻeha. Akā like kēia mau moʻolelo me nā moʻolelo lawaiʻa. ʻAʻohe hōʻoia paʻa o ia mau moʻolelo.
ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe haʻahaʻa, kahi pōkole o ka hana meaʻai, undemanding i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka nui o ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ia mea, ʻo ka hoʻōla mucus nā mea o kahi hoʻolālā ola. Me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika i ka hakakā no ke ola, ʻaʻole i lilo ka tench i iʻa maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka helu i kāna mau hoa ʻāpala crusian.
Nā ʻano
Mai ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokalakupua biological, kokoke ka tench i ka iʻa cardinals. Kū pū me lākou i hoʻokahi ʻohana - Tincinae. Ka inoa ʻepekema o ka genus o cardinals: Tanichthys. Kaulana kēia iʻa kula liʻiliʻi i nā aquarist. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka pili pili ʻohana, i ka nānā mua ʻana.
Akā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka ʻepekema he ʻano like ka morphology a me ka anatomy o kēia mau iʻa. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Lin kahi huahana kūleʻa o ka evolution. Hōʻoia kēia e nā biologists, e manaʻoʻiʻo nei i ka genus Lin (inoa inoa: Tinca) kahi o nā ʻano Tinca tinca a ʻaʻole i māhele ʻia i nā ʻāpana.
He hihia kakaʻikahi kēia i ka wā i loaʻa ʻole kahi iʻa i pālahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻāina ākea āpau i nā hoʻololi kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i kona ʻano. Hiki i nā ʻano like ke hāʻawi i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka pili o kēia mahele ma mua o ka ʻepekema. Eia naʻe, hoʻokaʻawale nā mahiʻai iʻa i ʻekolu mau laina laina:
- loko,
- muliwai,
- loko iʻa.
Kūlike lākou i ka nui-ʻo ka iʻa e noho ana i nā loko iʻa ka liʻiliʻi loa. A ka hiki ke noho i ka wai nele oxygen - laina muliwai ka mea koi loa. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hou o ka tench ma muli o kona kaulana i waena o nā mea nona nā loko pilikino, nā loko hoʻonani.
Hoʻololi nā lawaiʻa iʻa-genetics no ia mau kumu i ka hiʻona o ka iʻa, hana i kahi laina o nā kala like ʻole. A ʻo kahi hopena, hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano tench i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, i hānau ʻia ma muli o nā hana a ka ʻepekema.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Tench — he iʻa wai hou. ʻAʻole ʻae ia i nā wai paʻakai liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā kahawai wikiwiki me ka wai anuanu. ʻO nā loko, nā loko, nā kahawai muliwai i ulu me nā ʻohe nā wahi punahele, nā biotopes o tench. Aloha ʻo Lin i ka wai wela. ʻO nā mahana ma luna o 20 ° C ʻoluʻolu loa. No laila, ʻaʻole hele iki i ka hohonu, makemake i ka wai papau.
ʻO ka noho ʻana i waena o nā mea kanu wai me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke ʻano nui o ke ʻano he tench. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i nā hola hānai kakahiaka i kahi wā e hana nui ai ka iʻa. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, makemake ka tench e hele lohi, i kekahi manawa i kahi pālua a i kahi hui liʻiliʻi, koho palaualelo i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi mai ka substrate. Aia kekahi manaʻo no ka palaualelo i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka inoa o kēia iʻa.
ʻO ka noho ʻana i loko o nā wai liʻiliʻi i aʻo i ka lawaiʻa kūikawā iʻa i ka hoʻoilo. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau, hāliʻi nā laina i ka silt. Hoʻemi ʻia ka metabolism i loko o ko lākou kino i kahi liʻiliʻi. Kuhi ʻia kahi mokuʻāina e like me ka hibernation (hibernation) i loko. Pēlā, hiki i nā laina ke ola i nā Winters ʻoi loa, ke kūpā o ka loko i lalo a make ke koena o ka iʻa.
Meaʻai kūpono
Nui nā noho o ka tench i ka detritus. He meaola make kēia, nā ʻāpana microscopic o nā mea kanu, holoholona, aia i ke kahua o ka palaho hope loa. ʻO Detritus ka meaʻai nui no ka larch tench.
ʻO nā laina i hoʻomohala i ka pae fry hoʻohui i nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi eʻauʻau manuahi ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, zooplankton, i kā lākou papaʻai. Ma hope iki aʻe, hiki mai ka huli i nā meaola ola e noho ana ma lalo, a i ʻole i ka papa luna o ka substrate, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo nā zobobos.
Hoʻonui ka māhele o nā zobobos i ka makahiki. Mai nā papa o lalo, koho ka tench fry i nā larvae o nā kolo, nā lepe liʻiliʻi a me nā kamaʻāina inconspicuous ʻino o nā kino wai. Ke emi nei ka mea nui o ka detritus i ka papaʻai o underyearlings, akā ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu wai i ka papaʻai a hoʻonui ka hapa o nā mollusks.
ʻO nā iʻa makua, e like me ka tench ʻōpio, pili i ka papaʻai hui. ʻO nā poʻe noho ma lalo liʻiliʻi, nā larvae mosquito a me nā molluscs aia i ka papaʻai o ka tench e like me nā mea kanu wai. ʻO ka lakio ma waena o ka protein a me nā meaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o 3 a 1, akā hiki ke loli me ka nui o ke kino o ka wai kahi i loaʻa ai kēia heluna o ka tench.
Hōʻike ka tench i ka hana meaʻai i ke kau mahana. Hoʻonui ka hoihoi i ka meaʻai ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I ka lā, hānai like ʻole ka tench, e hoʻolaʻa nui ana i nā hola o ke kakahiaka i ka meaʻai. E hoʻokokoke pono i ka hope, ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka makeʻe pōloli.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ke hoʻomehana nei ka wai, i Mei, hoʻomaka nā laina e mālama i nā keiki. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, emi ka makemake o ka tench. Pau ka hoihoi o Lin i ka meaʻai a kanu iā ia iho i ka silt. Mai ia mea e puka mai ai i 2-3 mau lā a hele i ke kahua haʻuki.
I ka wā o ka spawning, ʻaʻole hoʻololi ka tench i kāna mau ʻano, a loaʻa nā wahi āna e makemake ai i nā wā ʻē aʻe o kona ola. Noho mālie kēia, kua wai papakū, ulu nui ʻia me nā mea kanu wai. ʻO nā mea kanu mai ka genus Rdesta, a i ʻole, e like me kā lākou e kapa nui ʻia ai, ka pī, mahalo nui ʻia.
Puka mai ka tench me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hele pū ka wahine me 2-3 kāne. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui e ka makahiki. Hana mua ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hua manu a me ka momona e nā ʻōpio. ʻO ka hui ʻohana, ma hope o kekahi mau hola o ka hele pū ʻana, a laila hele i ka grater i kapa ʻia. Kōkua ka pilina paʻa o ka iʻa i ka wahine e kāpae i nā hua, a ʻo ke kāne e hoʻokuʻu i ka waiū.
Hiki i kahi wahine makua, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ke hana i 350,000 mau hua. Pili kēia mau pōpō, translucent, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo iā lākou iho. Pili lākou i nā lau o nā mea kanu wai a hāʻule ma luna o ka pā. Hoʻokomo kekahi wahine i ʻelua pōʻai hānau.
Ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻole ʻana o ka iʻa o nā makahiki ʻokoʻa i ka hānau keiki ʻana i ka manawa like, a ma muli o ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ʻelua mau manawa i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā hua, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa nui o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻolālā wikiwiki nā embryos Tench. Hōʻike nā Larvae ma hope o 3-7 mau lā.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka incubation ka mahana o ka wai ma lalo o 22 ° C. Hoʻomaka ka larvae ola i kahi hoʻomaka i ke ola. I ka makahiki mua, lilo lākou i iʻa piha piha ke kaupaona ma kahi o 200 g.
Kumukūʻai
ʻO nā loko iʻa i hana ʻia e ke kanaka kekahi o nā kikoʻī kikoʻī nui o nā ʻāina hanohano hanohano. Makemake ka mea nona kahi hoihoi wai i ka iʻa i loko o kāna loko iʻa. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hakakā mua loa i ke ola i loko o ka loko iʻa ka ʻumi.
Hoʻohui ʻia, aia nā māla iʻa o nā nui like ʻole e kia ana i ka ulu ʻana i ka carp. He waiwai waiwai ia e kūʻai i ka tench ʻōpio, hāpai a kūʻai aku ma ka makeke iʻa. Kālā tench iʻa no ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka, mai ka 10 a 100 mau rubles i kēlā me kēia pā.
I ke kūʻai kūʻai ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia nā iʻa tench paʻahau hou no 120 - 150 rubles i kēlā me kēia kg. Hoʻolilo ʻia ʻo Chill, ʻo ia hoʻi, he tench hou i hopu ʻia ma mua o 500 rubles. no kg.
No kēia kumukūʻai, hāʻawi lākou e hāʻawi a tench iʻa maʻemaʻe... ʻAʻole maʻalahi ʻo Lin i nā hale kūʻai iʻa. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i kēia huahana papaʻai calorie haʻahaʻa ke kaulana.
Hopena hopu
ʻAʻohe hopu hopu o ka tench, ʻoiai i ka nui o ka nui. ʻO ka iʻa amateur kūpono hopu ʻumi hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. ʻOiai, i ke kaʻina lawaiʻa ʻohana o kēia iʻa, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā moʻolelo. Kaulana lākou.
ʻO ka tench nui loa i hopu ʻia ma Rūkia he 5 kg ke kaumaha. ʻO 80 cm kona lōʻihi. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka moʻolelo ma 2007, ma Bashkiria, ʻoiai e lawaiʻa ana i ka waihona wai ʻo Pavlovsk. ʻO ka moʻolelo honua e paʻa ʻia e ka kamaʻāina Pelekane ʻo Darren Ward. I ka 2001, huki ʻo ia i kahi tench e kaupaona ana ma lalo iki o 7 kg.
Hoʻonohonoho nā wahi a Tench i nā koho he aha e hopu ai i ka tench, nā lawaiʻa, nā lako ʻauʻau. ʻAʻole koi ʻia kahi moku holo wikiwiki e hopu i kēia iʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka moku hoe waʻa e kūpono loa ma ke ʻano he mea lana. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Tench mai ke kahakai a i ʻole mai nā alahaka.
ʻO ke koʻokoʻo lana ka mea hana maʻamau no ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻelima. ʻO nā ʻōwili, inertial a i ʻole non-inertial, he koho. Hana ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻole o ka hana o kēia mau hāmeʻa. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hoʻonoho ʻia kahi wili liʻiliʻi maʻalahi ma kahi koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa lōʻihi, kahi e ʻeha ai ka lako o ka lawaiʻa.
Koho ʻia ka laina lawaiʻa ikaika. ʻO Monofilament 0.3-0.35 mm kūpono e like me ka laina nui. Kūpono kahi monofilament anawaena liʻiliʻi no ka leash: 0.2-0.25 mm. ʻO ka Hook No. 5-7 e hōʻoia i ka hopu ʻana i kēlā me kēia nui nui. Koho ʻia ka lana e maʻalahi. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā waiwai ʻauʻau o ka lana, hoʻonoho ʻia he 2-3 mau pulu maʻamau ma ke kaupaona.
ʻAi ka tench i kahi hohonu papaʻu ma waena o nā mea kanu wai. Hoʻoholo kēia i kahi i hopu ʻia ai. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka wai maʻemaʻe a hiki i nā mānoanoa kahakai ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka wahi maikaʻi loa e pāʻani ai i ka tench. Ma mua o kou hana ʻana i kāu mea hana keaka mua, e mālama pono i ka groundbait.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻohuihui hoʻomākaukau no ka bream a i ʻole ka carp ma ke ʻano he maunu. I mea e hōʻalo ʻole ai i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole pono i ka huikau ke loaʻa nā ʻāpana "lepo". ʻO ka palaoa hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana berena, nā huapalaoa i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me ka hoʻohui o kahi ʻenuhe i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole ka ʻokoke e lawelawe ma mua o ka huahana i kūʻai ʻia.
Hoʻohana kekahi mau lawaiʻa i nā meaʻai pōpoki i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ke ʻano he meaʻai nui. Hoʻohui ʻia me nā mākua a i ʻole nā ʻokoke. Hoʻowalewale pinepine ʻia ʻo Tench me ka tī tī. ʻO ka hapalua o ka maunu i hana ʻia e ʻoe iho kahi lepo viscous i lawe ʻia mai ka loko iʻa kahi e lawaiʻa ʻia ai. I kekahi hihia, hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai i ka ʻike o nā wana iʻa i kēia waihona.
Hānai pinepine ʻia ka iʻa ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana. ʻOkoʻa ke kūlana me ka tench makaʻu. Ke nānā ʻia nei kahi o ka lawaiʻa e hiki mai ana. Ma ka lawaiʻa e hiki mai ana i ke ahiahi, hoʻolei ʻia nā ʻāpana palaoa nunui i kēia mau wahi, me ka lana o ka manaʻo e hele ana ka ʻumi i nā ala wai e pilau.
I ke kakahiaka, hoʻomaka ka lawaiʻa tench. ʻAʻole koi ka lawaiʻa i nā mākau kūikawā, ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomanawanui. ʻO nā ʻenuhe koko, nā piko, nā ʻenuhe honua maʻamau e hana ma ke ʻano he maunu. Hoʻohana ʻia nā huaahi mahu a me nā ʻanoʻano i kekahi manawa. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kō, ka pi, ka palaoa momi.
Lawe pono ʻo Lin i ka pōmaikaʻi, e noʻonoʻo ana i kona hiki. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maunu, nahu ka tench me ka wiwo ʻole, e hoʻonuʻu ana i ka lana, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻaoʻao. I kekahi manawa, e like me ka bream, hāpai ia i ka maunu, kahi e iho ai ka lana. ʻO ka iʻa peck i lou ʻia ʻaʻole ʻoi loa, akā ikaika.
I kēia mau lā, ʻo ka hana lalo o ka hopu ʻana i ka tench me ke kōkua o kahi mea hānai i komo i ka hana a nā lawaiʻa. Pono kēia hana i kahi koʻokoʻo kūikawā a me nā pono hana maʻamau. ʻO kēia kahi kaula a laina paha me kahi mea hānai liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia a me kahi kaula lou.
Hiki i ka hoʻolei kaumaha me kahi mea hānai piha ke hoʻoweliweli i kahi tench makaʻu. ʻ saylelo nā loea me kekahi mākau, hoʻemi ʻia kēia mau kumukūʻai i ka ʻole. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka lawaiʻa feeder no ka ʻelima a ʻoi paha ka laulaha.
ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻāpana o tench
Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka iʻa carp i loko o nā waihona wai kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā waihona hoʻowalewale, me ka ʻelima hoʻi. No ka mahi ʻana i nā laina, kahi e hoʻopiha ai i nā waihona wai a i ʻole e hoʻouna ai e mālama i nā papa, e holo ana nā mahi iʻa.
ʻO nā mahiʻai e hana kū kaʻawale i ka frch fry i loko o ka broodstock. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka wā spawning, hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka hānau keiki. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei kahi hana ma muli o nā injection pituitary. ʻO nā wahine i hōʻea i ke kanaka makua ua injected me ka carp pituitary gland.
Hoʻokomo kēia injection i ka hoʻomaka o ka ovulation. Ma hope o hoʻokahi lā, hanau ka hanau. Lawe ʻia ka waiū mai nā kāne a hui pū ʻia me ka caviar hopena. A laila hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua. Ma hope o 75 mau hola, ʻikea ka larvae.
He iʻa ulu lohi ʻo Tench, akā ola ia me ka ʻole o ka aeration, me ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai. Ka mea maʻalahi i ke kaʻina hana o ka hānai ʻana i nā iʻa hiki ke kūʻai ʻia. Hoʻohana nā mahiʻai iʻa i nā loko i hana ʻia e nā kūlohelohe a me nā pahu i hana ʻole ʻia i loko o ka ʻĀpana nui loa.
I loko o kahi waihona wai me ka hānai hānai ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi ma kahi o 6-8 keneta o ka iʻa ma ka hectare. I loko o kahi waihona kūlohelohe, hiki i 1-2 mau keneta o ka ʻeka ma ka hectare ke ulu me ka ʻole o ka momona. I ka manawa like, ʻae ka tench i ka halihali maikaʻi: i kahi lewa, me ka ʻole o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻomau i ke ola no kekahi mau hola.
ʻOiai nā pōmaikaʻi āpau, hoʻomohala ʻia ka moʻomeheu tench ma Lūkia. ʻOiai ma ʻEulopa, ʻo ka ʻoihana no ka hana ʻana o tench e mahi maikaʻi ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Tench ʻo ia kekahi o nā alakaʻi kaiakōla alakaʻi.
