ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā manu i kekahi manawa paʻakikī e hoʻomaopopo ma muli o kā lākou ʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole ka one kaulana kaulana kahi one kikoʻī, akā he suborder holoʻokoʻa o nā manu wai a me nā semi-aquatic o ka ʻohana plover.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻelele kuʻuna o ka waders ka wāwae lōʻihi kuʻu one. Kū aʻe i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe me kona nuku maʻalahi, nā wāwae lōʻihi, a me nā ʻeheu e hoʻonui ana ma waho o nā wēlau o kahi huelo pololei, e like me ka whalebone
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kūlia loaʻa kona inoa mai nā wāwae elongated e hele ai ma ka honua me ke kānalua ʻole, e like me nā koʻokoʻo. ʻO 18-20 knm ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, hāʻawi ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 33-40 cm. Eia hou, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻomākeʻaka, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i kēia manu "i nā leggings ʻākala."
Eia hou, i nā hōʻailona kūikawā, kahi nuku pololei, lōʻihi a ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka nui o ke kino, hāʻule kahi ʻeono o ka nuku, ma kahi o 6-7 knm. Ke kaumaha nei ma kahi o 200 g, kokoke like me ka manu nūnū. ʻO ke kala o kā mākou koa koa ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, mua, lalo a me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi ma luna o ka huelo keʻokeʻo, nani ke kala.
ʻO nā ʻeheu a me ke kua, me kahi hoʻololi i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻokoʻa ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, i nā wahine makua, hoʻolei ʻia ke kala ʻeleʻele me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i nā kāne - me ke kani o ke kinamona. ʻAʻole like me kona mau hoahānau, he nuku pololei ko ka stylobeak, ma mua o ke pelu i luna, nā wāwae lōʻihi, akā ʻo ka ʻāʻī pōkole.
Hoʻoemi ʻia ka manamana hope, nānā ka ʻāpana i nā manamana ʻekolu. Aia kekahi membrane ma waena o nā manamana wāwae o ka lua a me ke kolu. He hāiki nā lōʻihi, lōʻihi a kuhikuhi i nā wēlau. Wingspan 67-83 cm. Paʻa i ka kiʻi like me ke kikonia, he uʻi ʻo ia, ʻaʻahu ʻia a paʻa pinepine i ka wai, e like me kēlā. Hōʻike nani ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ia mea, a maopopo koke i ke ʻano wai kona home. Holo malū ʻia nā ʻeheu pelu i ka huelo.
Ma loko, keʻokeʻo lākou. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, hulu pouli nā hulu o kahi kāne makua ma ke poʻo keʻokeʻo, a kū ka yarmulke ʻeleʻele ma ke kua o ke poʻo. A laila like ʻo ia me he cardinal. He plumage dimmer ko ka wahine. I nā manu ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā wahi pouli a pau ma mua o ka poʻe mākua.
Nā ʻano
Aia i loko o ka genus stilt nā ʻano manu he 5 e noho ana ma Central Europe, ma ka hema o ʻApelika, Australia, New Zealand a me ʻAmelika. ʻO nā mea i kaulana loa o kēia ka lāʻau maʻamau, ʻeleʻele a me nā kaha ʻōniʻoniʻo.
ʻO ka stilt striped Australia wale nō ma Australia wale nō. ʻAno like loa me ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae. Loaʻa iā ia nā membrane ʻauʻau ma waena o kona manamana wāwae. Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa i ka plumage me ka mea mua, loaʻa kahi wahi pouli transverse ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī, e hele ana i ka umauma keʻokeʻo me kahi ʻāpana. Ma muli o kēia, ua kapa ʻia ka inoa onionio. Ua manaʻo ʻia ia he laʻana waena ma waena o ka stilt a me ka awl.
Kahi ʻeleʻele Kū i waena o kona mau hoahānau i ka mea ʻeleʻele a noho wale ma Nūhōlani. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ko kona mau ʻeheu a me kona kua. Pōkole iki nā wāwae a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka nuku ma mua o ka nuku maʻamau. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio wale nō paha ke loaʻa i nā mokupuni plumage keʻokeʻo.
Ke ulu nei, huli ʻeleʻele loa lākou. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau kānaka o kēia manu, no kēia mea, ʻaneʻane hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia. ʻO ke kumu o kēia pōpilikia ka hana nui a ke kanaka. Ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i kona mau panalāʻau no ka mahiʻai, kūkulu i nā pani, a nui mau nā mea ʻeʻe kokoke i ka poʻe - nā pōpoki, nā iole a me nā hedgehogs. ʻO kēia mau mea āpau i ka make o ka stilt ʻeleʻele.
Kukui ʻĀkau, sicklebeak, maʻamau, Nuhōlani, ʻAmelika, Andean shiloklyuv - hiki ke kapa ʻia lākou āpau he ʻohana pili loa i kā mākou sandpiper paʻa. No lākou mai ka ʻohana o nā plovers i hāʻawi ʻia na Awl. ʻO kēia nā manu wai a me nā manu pāheʻe i pālahalaha ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Kūlike lākou i ka morphology, ka lawena, a me ka nohona. ʻEkolu wale nō hiʻohiʻona e maʻamau - nā wāwae elongated a me ka nuku, a me ke ola kokoke i ka wai. Mamao, akā hiki i ko lākou ʻohana ke manaʻo ʻia he snipe, lapwings, gulls kai, poln terns, sandpipers, skuas a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e noho kokoke ana i ka wai.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hōʻike ākea ʻia kēia mau mea a puni ka honua, kahi o nā waihona wai. Ua noho lākou i nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo Antarctica. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā latitu ʻākau wale nō, ma ka Arctic a ma nā wahi maloʻo. Noho ka stilt i ka wai hāmama, ka wai piha a me ka wai paʻakai.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ke kai kūʻono ma ke kai, ma kahakai o ka loko, kokoke i kapa o ka muliwai a i loko o kahi poho wai. ʻO ka wahi nui o ka noho o ka stilt maʻamau ʻo ʻEulopa, ʻo kona kikowaena waena, kokoke i ka hema. ʻO ke kai Caspian, ke Kai ʻEleʻele, ka ʻāpana steppe o nā South Urals a me Siberia Komohana kāna mau wahi punahele ma Lūkia.
ʻO nā waders wale nō e noho nei i nā anilā mahana e lele i ka hoʻoilo. Hele lākou i ʻApelika a me ʻAsia hema. ʻAʻole he manu neʻe nā kānaka o ke kūkulu hema. ʻO ka leo o kēia hulu manu ʻoi loa a manaʻo ʻole ʻia, e like me ka hae ʻana o kahi ʻīlio liʻiliʻi.
ʻUā ka stilt, akā me he mea lā e ʻūlū ana kahi ʻīlio ma kahi kokoke. Hoʻonohonoho lākou ʻelua i nā hui kaʻawale a i nā kolone, kahi i loaʻa i kekahi mau kakini pālua. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā waders, gulls a me terns ʻē aʻe.
Noho nā manu ma luna o ka wai i ka puna holoʻokoʻa, ke kauwela a me ke kau mua. Kūleʻa lākou i ka wela, ke anu anuanu a me ka wā maikaʻi ʻole. Inā ikaika ka makani mai ka wai, loaʻa lākou iā lākou iho kahi e puʻuhonua ai. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma kahi o nā kino wai i hana ʻia e kānaka.
Eia naʻe, ke ʻike lākou i kahi kanaka, lele lele koke lākou. I ka lele ʻana, hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he hoeuli. Hele lākou i kahi ala ʻano ʻē, lawe i nā ʻanuʻu nui, ke hilinaʻi nei i ko lākou pā holoʻokoʻa. Ma hope o lākou, nā koina nui o kahi lālā lālā ʻekolu i koe i ke one.
Meaʻai kūpono
Ma ka ʻāina, hana ʻino ʻole ʻo ia, keakea iā ia nā wāwae kaulana. I ka wai, hele wāwae ʻo ia e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, piʻi hohonu i lalo o nā manu ʻē aʻe. No laila, he ʻai hou kāna. Hoʻohui, hiki i ka hulu ke ʻau a luʻu hoʻi. Hiki iā ia ke hele wāwae no nā hola i ka ʻōpū ponoʻī i ka wai, e ʻohiʻohi ana i nā mea āpau e hiki mai ana i ke ala.
ʻAi nui ia i nā larvae a me nā kolo. Noho nā sandpipers paʻa i nā kahawai ulu nui, e nānā i nā panalāʻau āpau ma hope o ke kai haʻahaʻa e ʻimi ai i nā molluscs a me nā crustacea. Mai hōʻino i ka duckweed ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mea kanu wai ʻē aʻe. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai, makemake lākou e ʻeli i ka silt, e ʻohi ana i nā ilo a me nā ʻenuhe. Ma ka honua, ʻimi liʻiliʻi lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou ʻoluʻolu me ia.
Hoihoi ka manawa o ka ʻimi holoholona ponoʻī. Eia ʻo ia ke hele wāwae nei, e hāpai ana i kona mau wāwae i luna, e nānā pono ana i ka ʻili o ka wai. Lele koke kahi lele kolohe, kokoke loa i ka ʻili. Me kahi neʻeʻoi, hoʻolei ka manu i kona poʻo i mua me ka nuku hāmama a paʻi iā ia e like me kahi hei. I kekahi manawa lele ʻo ia a luʻu paha no ka mea pio, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i kahi o kāna pahu hopu. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ke kua a me ka huelo ma waho.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hana ʻia ʻo Puberty i ka makahiki 2. ʻO ka maʻamau, ke hōʻea ʻana mai ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻokaʻawale lākou i mau pālua, a laila noho pū no kekahi mau makahiki. I ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, ʻoi aku ka eleu o nā wahine, koho lākou i ke kāne. I ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻōuli o ka nānā a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ke kaʻina moena, hoʻomaka lākou e hana i hale no nā keiki e hiki mai ana. Wā Nesting - ʻApelila-Iune, hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.
Inā hana kahi stilt i kahi pūnana ma kahakai maloʻo, he lua wale ia kokoke i ka wai. Ma ka maikaʻi, uhi ʻo ia iā ia me kahi mauʻu maloʻo. Akā inā he wahi pohopoho ka noho ʻana, kūkulu kēia mau manu i kahi kūkulu hale maoli. ʻO ka mea mua, kūkulu lākou i kumu o nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi, a laila e hana i nā paia ʻano kīʻaha mai nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, nā lālā a me ka mauʻu.
Hoʻohuli ia i kahi kūkulu me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 6-8 cm ma kahi kumu pōhaku. I loko o ka pūnana i lī ʻia me ka mauʻu palupalu, ka limu a i ʻole ka mauʻu. Aia he mau hua manu he 4 o kahi ʻano kupaianaha i ka lālau. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo iki a ʻulaʻula paha ka pūpū, akā ua uhi ʻia me nā specks liʻiliʻi a me nā wili o ka terracotta a me nā aka kokoleka.
Me he mea lā he ʻano mea kahiko. ʻO ka hua he 4-4.5 knm ka nui, oblong iki i ke ʻano, a ua ʻōlelo ʻoi i nā wēlau oi a ʻōpuʻu hoʻi. I ka pūnana, moe nā hua me ko lākou wī ʻoi i waenakonu o ka lālau, ʻōpala i waho. Hoʻomoe ʻia ʻo Clutch i Mei, ʻike ʻia ka pua i Iune, ʻo ka manawa incubation ma kahi o 25 mau lā.
I loko o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻouluulu, hoʻololi lākou i kekahi i kekahi ma nā hua. A i ka noho ʻana o kekahi makua, lawe kekahi i ka meaʻai nāna. Kūʻokoʻa nā keiki hipa i nā makahiki he 1. I ka pūnana, hānai pono ʻia lākou, e lawe mai nei i nā keiki liʻiliʻi. Alakaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpio āpau e nā mākua ʻelua. E hōʻuluʻulu, e ʻōlelo mākou i kēlā manu kūmau mālama nui a kūpaʻa hoʻi.
ʻAʻohe o nā leo ʻeleʻele i ka plumage o nā manu ʻōpio, aia nā kani brown momona. Pili kokoke lākou i ke kai, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻauʻau i kēia manawa. Hāʻawi nā pepelu a me nā larvae i meaʻai na lākou. Me ka makahiki, coarsens ka plumage a loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa. Noho lākou i kahi manawa lōʻihi, i ka noho pio ʻana ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki. I ke kūlohelohe, he nui nā kumu e hoʻopili i ka lana o ke ola.
I nā wahi tropical, palekana ka heluna kanaka. Ke ulu nei kona helu ma nā Apennines, akā ma India, Nūhōlani, ma Rūsia, ʻaʻole māhuahua lākou. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka hōʻemi o ka helu o nā kānaka e nā kumu he nui - ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wai, ka ʻai nui ʻana.
Nui nā pūnana i make i nā loko iʻa i piha a me nā pā waiki ma muli o ka loli ʻana i ka pae o ka wai. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ka poʻe i nā hoʻomoana mākaʻikaʻi kokoke i nā pūnaewele hoʻonohonoho kūlohelohe. Hiki mai nā manu koraka a luku i nā pūnana o nā wīpī liʻiliʻi.
ʻO Vocal, conspicuous, pipili ʻole iā ia iho i ka pūnana, ʻāwīwī loa ka stilt i nā mea ʻai holoholona a me nā mea ʻino. He mea nui ʻole ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, i kekahi manawa iho i lalo. I kekahi manawa, ma hope o ka luku ʻia o ka lālau mua, hana lākou i ka lua i kēlā me kēia kau, ʻaʻole ʻano o kēia mau manu. Akā makemake nui lākou e ola. Pono lākou i ka palekana mai nā kānaka.
Hāpai kēia i ka nīnau - aia ma laila stilt i loko o ka Red Book ole paha? Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i loko o ka papa inoa o nā holoholona i pale ʻia i loko o ka Buke Ula o Lūkia a me ka hoʻohui o ka Bonn Convention. Mālama ʻia ia i nā waihona a me nā puʻuhonua he nui ma Rūsia. I kēia manawa ka hoʻonā ʻana i ka hana o ka kaupalena ʻana i nā holoholona holoholona i nā wahi o nā kolone nui i ka wā hānau. Aia kahi hoʻolaha hana o ka pale o ka stilt i waena o ka poʻe kūloko
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- He kuleana a he makua makua ʻole nā Stillers. Ke ʻike nei i kahi kokoke o ka predator i ka pūnana, lele aku kekahi o nā manu a hoʻāʻo e lawe i ka ʻenemi. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohālike pinepine lākou ua ʻeha lākou a ʻaʻole hiki ke lele. ʻO ka maʻa mau ka mea komohewa e holo i hope o kahi mea pio maʻalahi, e waiho ana i ka pūnana ma kahi mamao aku no nā keiki hānai. A piʻi a hoʻi ka stilt maʻalea.
- I nā ʻāina wela, pono e hoʻomaʻalili ka manu i nā hua manu i pāpala ʻia. Ma mua o ka noho ʻana ma ka lālau, hoʻāla ka wahine i kona umauma a me kona ʻōpū i ka wai.
- Inā ʻoe e lawe i ka lakio ma waena o ka wāwae a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ʻo ka stilt ka lua o ka flamingo i kēia mahele.
- ʻO ka manu e noho ana ma ke kūpeʻe me ka hoʻoikaika ʻole "hoʻomaʻamaʻa yoga". Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona mau wāwae lōʻihi i ka hiki a kūlou i ke kihi. Ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e lilo i kēia kūlana no ka manawa lōʻihi.
- Maʻemaʻe loa kāna ʻōpala i ka wai maʻemaʻe hiki ke kuhihewa ke aniani no kahi manu ʻelua. He moʻolelo kā Mikhail Prishvin i kapa ʻia ʻo Reflection. Ma laila i huikau ai ka ʻīlio hahai holoholona i kahi o nā ʻūlū ʻelua e koho. No laila ua lele ʻo ia i loko o ka wai ma hope o ke aniani.
