Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Nui ka waiwai o ka honua o ka wai i nā kānaka. He ʻumi kaukani mau ʻano iʻa wale nō. Akā aia kekahi o lākou i loaʻa ka inoa hanohano o "aliʻi". Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea stabileta iʻa paʻa paʻa... Akā no ke aha a no ke aha i kūpono iā ia ke poʻo inoa? ʻO kēia kā mākou e noʻonoʻo ai.
Inā ʻoe e hilinaʻi i nā moʻolelo o ka poʻe lawaiʻa o ka wā i hala, a laila ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi nā mea ola ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO kekahi o lākou, e lilo i haʻaheo o ka poʻe laki i hopu iā lākou, ua ʻaneʻane kokoke i ʻelua mau mika ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ko lākou kupapaʻu ke kaumaha ma kahi o 16 kg. Maikaʻi wale paha kēia mau mea fiction, a i ʻole ua loli wale paha nā manawa.
Akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka awelika maʻamau o kā mākou mau lā, keu hoʻi nā kāne, ka mea, ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka lahilahi ma mua o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka hapalua wahine. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa e like me kēia i ka hapalua mika, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui i 2 kg. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mākua o 300 g a me ka nui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i 20 cm e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hiʻona o kēia poʻe noho i lalo o ka wai he ʻano ʻokoʻa a ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka nui o nā iʻa i nā kikoʻī hoihoi. ʻO ka ihu ihu, elongated, helehelena conical o ka sterlet welau i kahi kūlou iki i luna, kiko, ihu elongated. Ke hoʻopili nei i ka hopena, i ka lōʻihi ua aneane like ia i ke poʻo o ka iʻa iho.
Akā i kekahi mau hihia ʻaʻole kaulana nui ia, poepoe. Ma lalo o ia mea hiki ke ʻike i kahi ʻumiʻumi e hāʻule ana e like me ka palapū. A hoʻohui ʻia ka expressiveness o ka waha e nā maka liʻiliʻi i kau ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
Ua like ka waha me ka ʻoki i ʻoki ʻia mai ka lalo o ka ihu, ua bifurcated kona lehelehe lalo, kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻano nui o kēia mau mea. ʻO ko lākou huelo e like me ka huinakolu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaoʻao luna o kāna fin i puka ikaika aʻe ma mua o ka mea haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ia iʻa ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o nā unahi ma ke kino lōʻihi me nā ʻāhinahina hina, a wili, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano maʻamau no mākou. Ua panai ʻia e nā pale iwi. Aia ka mea nui loa o lākou i nā lālani longitudinal.
ʻO nā mea nui loa, i mākaukau ʻia me nā spine a me ke ʻano o kahi kualapa undulate paʻa, pani i nā palapū dorsal no kēia mau mea kupaianaha. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ma ka lālani o nā pale. A ʻelua mau palena o ka ʻōpū, ka mea nui i pale ʻole ʻia a palupalu hoʻi.
I kēlā mau wahi o ke kino iʻa, kahi e hemo ʻole ai nā lālani o nā scute nui, uhi wale nā papa iwi liʻiliʻi i ka ʻili, a i kekahi manawa ua ʻōlohelohe loa. I ka pōkole, ʻano ʻē maoli kēia mau mea ola. Akā no ka nui o kāu wehewehe ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ko lākou helehelena inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e nānā manuahi i ke kiʻi.
No ka hapanui, ʻeleʻele ke kala o ke kua o ia iʻa me ka hina hina a i ʻole ka pouli, a māmā ka ʻōpū me ka yellowness. Akā kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano pākahi a me ka nohona, ʻokoʻa nā kala. Aia kekahi mau laʻana o ke kala o ka asphalt i pulu i ka ua a i ʻole hina-melemele, i kekahi manawa ua māmā iki.
Nā ʻano
ʻAe, ʻo ia mau iʻa, inā ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo i nā lono, ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi manawa ma mua o ko lākou i kēia manawa. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻano ʻokoʻa ke nānā aku o nā sterlets. Akā ua kapa ko mākou poʻe kūpuna iā lākou "aliʻi" ʻaʻole no kēia. Akā no ka mea i manaʻo mau ʻia kēia iʻa he mea ʻono elite, lawelawe wale ʻia i nā hale aliʻi, ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia lā, akā i nā lā nui.
Loaʻa ka palena o ka hopu ʻana iā ia, a ʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa ponoʻī ʻole i moemoeā e hoʻāʻo i kahi ʻāpana o kā lākou iʻa. Ua mahalo ʻia kēia mea ʻono me ka sturgeon. Akā he aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā iʻa ʻelua, ʻo kēlā me kēia iʻa mai ka wā kahiko mai ka papa o ka hanohano? ʻOiaʻiʻo, no loko o kahi ʻohana nui o nā Stefgeon lāua ʻelua, a mahele ʻia i ʻelima mau ʻohana.
No kā mākou iʻa ʻelua kekahi o lākou a me kahi genus maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo "sturgeons" e nā ichthyologists. ʻO ka sterlet wale nō kahi ʻano like ʻole o kēia genus, a ʻo kona mau hoahānau, e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻae ʻia, he stellate Sturate, beluga, kākalaioa a me nā iʻa kaulana ʻē aʻe.
He lāhui kahiko loa kēia i noho i ka honua lalo o ka honua i nā makahiki he nui. Kuhi ʻia kēia kūlana, me ka loaʻa hou o nā mea i loaʻa i ka archaeological, e nā hōʻailona archaic kūwaho a kūloko hoʻi o nā ʻelele.
ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ʻaʻohe o lākou iwi iwi, a ma kahi o kahi notochord cartilaginous wale nō, e hana ana i nā hana kākoʻo. ʻAʻohe o lākou iwi, a kūkulu ʻia ka iwi iwi mai kaʻiʻo cartilaginous. Kaulana ka hapanui o ka sturgeon no ko lākou nui nui.
Hiki i ke kanaka nunui kūikawā me ka lōʻihi ʻeono dimensional ke kaumaha i ka 100 kg. Akā, ʻeleʻele mai kona ʻohana no nā ʻano liʻiliʻi. Pōkole ka ihu o ka paʻa a ʻoi aku ka laulā o ke poʻo ma mua o ko nā lālā o ka laha a mākou e wehewehe nei. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi kēia poʻe noho ma lalo o ka wai i ka helu o nā pale iwi ma nā ʻaoʻao.
No ka sterlet, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua. A ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma ka hanana o ka ihu. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, hiki ke ʻano pōʻai a lōʻihi paha. Kaukaʻi ʻia i kēia, kāhea ʻia kā mākou iʻa: ihu ʻōpala a ihu kuʻi. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i ka helehelena wale nō, akā i nā ʻano.
ʻO nā hanana o ka hope i maʻalahi i ka neʻe, kahi a lākou e koi ʻia ai e hana i ke ʻano o ke aniau a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa o ka lā, a me ke kū ʻana o nā mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka walaʻau a me nā mea hoʻoluhi ʻē aʻe.
ʻOi aku ka ihu kuho i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e hūnā mai nā pilikia o ka honua ma ka lalo o nā waihona wai. Akahele ʻo ia, a no laila hiki iki i ka poʻe lawaiʻa ke kiʻi iā ia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā ʻupena lawaiʻa ke lilo i hei, akā ʻo kēia ʻano lawaiʻa i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia e ke kānāwai.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Aia i hea iʻa iʻa i loaʻa? ʻO ka mea nui i nā kahawai nui he nui o ka pae ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. I ka nānā mua ʻana, ua kīloi nui ʻia kona laulā, akā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka heluna kanaka, no ka mea i kēia lā ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano he kākaʻikahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui loa ia i ka wā ma mua, inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka waiwai a ko mākou mau kūpuna i manaʻo ai i ia mea pio.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o kēia mau iʻa i nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ke kai Caspian, Azov a me Black. ʻO kahi laʻana, aia he sterlet i ka Volga, akā ʻaʻole ma nā wahi āpau, akā pinepine i nā wahi o nā waihona nui. Loaʻa pū ia i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā kahawai ʻo Yenisei, Vyatka, Kuban, Ob, Kama, Irtysh.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā laʻana o kēia mau mea wai i loko o ka Don, Dnieper, a me Urals. Ua aneane nalowale loa lākou, ʻoiai ua loaʻa lākou ma ke kahawai ʻo Kuban, a ma Sura hoʻi ma hope o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻoiai i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia i hala he nui nā sterlet i loko o ka wai o kēia muliwai.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka heluna heluna e ka haumia a me ka pāpaʻu ʻana o nā kino wai. Makemake nā Sterlets i ka holo, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, wai anuanu iki. ʻAʻole like me nā sturgeons, a ma waho o nā muliwai, ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o ke kai a lākou e kahe ai, ʻaʻole iʻa ka iʻa a mākou e wehewehe ai i loko o ka wai paʻakai.
He mau noho muliwai wale nō lākou, a noho lākou i nā wahi me kahi one o lalo a i uhi ʻia paha me nā ʻiliʻili ʻiliʻili. A no laila moana Sterlet ʻaʻole ia i ke kūlohelohe, akā inā no kekahi manawa ua lilo ia ʻano, a laila ma kahi manawa wale nō, e hāʻule ana i ke kai mai ka waha o nā kahawai.
I ke kauwela, makemake ka poʻe makua e ʻauʻau i ka wai pāpaʻu, e ʻūlū nei i nā ʻohana nui a neʻe me ka nani. A ʻo ka ulu ʻōpio, i mālama ʻia i nā hui kaʻawale, keʻimi nei i nā kūʻono kūpono a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi ma nā waha o ka muliwai. I ka hopena o ke kau, ʻike ka iʻa i nā kaumaha kūlohelohe ma ka lalo, i kēlā mau wahi kahi e puna mai ai nā kumu wai lalo.
I loko o kēlā mau lua, hoʻolimalima ʻo ia i nā manawa maikaʻi ʻole, e ʻākoakoa ana ma laila i nā pūʻā nui, ka helu o nā kānaka a hiki i kahi mau haneli. I ka hoʻoilo, noho paʻa lākou i kekahi i kekahi, me ka ʻoniʻoni ʻole i loko o kā lākou mau hale mālama a ʻai ʻole i kekahi mea. A lana wale lākou i luna o ka wai ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā paʻa hau.
ʻAiʻai Pono
ʻO ka ihu elongated, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano i ka sterlet, hāʻawi ʻia iā ia no ke kumu. I ka manawa e noho ana kēia kaʻina hana e ʻimi i nā pio, nā kūpuna o nā kānaka o kēia au i ʻike e ʻeli ana i ka lepo. Akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua loli nā ʻano maʻamau o ka iʻa, no ka mea ua loli nā kūlana kūwaho a me ka laulā o kēia mau mea.
A ua lawe ʻia ka hana ʻimi e nā antennae fringed, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka hōʻike ma mua. Aia lākou i mua o ka ihu a hāʻawi ʻia me ka ʻike kupaianaha e hiki ai i kā lākou mau mea nona ke manaʻo i ke ʻano o kā lākou mea liʻiliʻi i ka lalo o ka muliwai.
A ʻo kēia ke neʻe wikiwiki ka iʻa i ka wai. ʻO ia ke kumu i kēia manawa ua lilo ka ihu no nā ʻelele ihu o ka laha i ʻano mea hoʻonani lapuwale, kahi makana hoʻomanaʻo o ka evolution. Akā nā hiʻohiʻona ihu ihu, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ua hoʻololi ʻia i waho i nā kenekulia.
ʻO nā ʻelele āpau o nā laha e wehewehe nei mākou he poʻe ʻaihue, akā ʻai ʻokoʻa lākou, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o ka pickiness i ka meaʻai. Hiki i nā kānaka nui ke ʻai i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka hopu holoholona ʻana a me ka hōʻeha ʻana i kā lākou ʻano iho kākaʻikahi ia mau mea.
A no laila, ʻo kā lākou papaʻai ka hapa nui o ka lepe, nā puʻupuʻu a me nā mollusks. A ʻo ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e ʻai i ka larva o nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole: lele nā caddis, nā makika a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻOkoʻa ka papa kuhikuhi o nā ʻelele o ke kāne a me ka hapalua wahine i ka wā hānau.
ʻO ka mea e noho nei nā wahine a me nā kāne i nā wai like ʻole. Pili ka mea ma mua i lalo a no laila ʻai i nā ilo a me nā koena o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i ka silt. A ʻauʻau kiʻekiʻe ka hope, no ka mea i loko o ka wai wikiwiki e hopu lākou i nā invertebrates. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ia mau iʻa e kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai i ka wai papau i nā nāhelehele a me nā ʻohe.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Iʻa Sterlet ola nui, ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki. Manaʻo ʻia aia he mau lōʻihi lōʻihi i waena o kēia ʻano, a hiki i ka makahiki o 80 mau makahiki. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ia kuhiakau he paʻakikī e hōʻoia. Ua oʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka hapalua kāne no ka hānau hou ʻana i ka makahiki 5, akā ua hoʻokumu piha ʻia nā wahine ma ka awelika mau makahiki ʻelua ma hope.
Hana pinepine ʻia ka ʻōnohi ma nā wahi o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā pōhaku kahakai ma uka a hoʻomaka i kahi manawa, ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, kiʻekiʻe mau ka wai a hūnā i nā iʻa mai nā poʻe e makemake ʻole ʻia ana, a i ʻole ma kahi o Mei. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā hua i holoi ʻia ma mua o ka Sturgeon, kahi paʻa a me ke kala melemele a hina, like like ke kala me ke kino o ka iʻa iā lākou iho.
ʻO kā lākou helu i ka manawa i koho ʻia i mau kaukani, mai ka 4000 a hoʻopau me ka helu moʻohelu o nā ʻāpana 140,000. I ka hopena o nā hua, hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a kū i ʻelua pule, ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ʻehiku mau lā. I ka mua, ʻaʻole lākou moemoeā o ka huakaʻi hele lōʻihi, akā noho i nā wahi i hānau ʻia ai lākou.
ʻAʻole pono lākou i ka meaʻai. A lawe lākou i nā mea e pono ai no ke ola a me ka ulu ʻana mai kā lākou mālama kūloko i ke ʻano o ka wai o ka gallbladder. A i ka oʻo ʻana o kahi oʻo wale nō, hoʻomaka lākou e haku i ka puni wai e puni ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Kumukūʻai
I Lūkia kahiko, pipiʻi loa ka sterlet. A ʻaʻohe o ka poʻe maʻamau ka manawa kūpono e kūʻai i kēlā huahana. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i pau nā ʻahaʻaina aliʻi me ka ʻole o ka iʻa iʻa a me ka aspic mai ia mau iʻa. Lawe ʻia ʻo Sterlet i nā lumi kuke o ka hale aliʻi e ola ana, a lawe ʻia aku mai kahi mamao aku i nā hīnaʻi a me nā pahu ʻoka, kahi e mālama ʻia ai kahi wahi momona i kahi ala kūikawā.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka sterlet i ko mākou manawa ke emi mau nei a no laila he liʻiliʻi. I ka nānā ʻana i kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka iʻa "mōʻī" ke lilo i kumu kūʻai kūpono no ka mea kūʻai aku o kēia au. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai aku i nā iʻa a me nā hale kūʻai kaulahao, ma ka mākeke a me nā hale ʻaina.
Kumukūʻai Sterlet ma kahi o 400 rubles i kēlā me kēia kilogram. Eia kekahi, paʻahau wale kēia. ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o Live no ka mea kūʻai mai. Mahalo ʻia ka caviar o kēia iʻa, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke uku. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea kūʻai aku maʻamau ke uku i 4 mano rubles no ka hake ʻelima haneli. A like ke kumu kūʻai o ka caviar o kēia iʻa.
Hopu ʻāpala
Ua hala lōʻihi kēia ʻano iʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book a ua paʻa paʻa ma laila. A no laila hopu ʻeleʻele pāpā ʻia ka hapa nui, a i kekahi mau ʻāina i kaupalena ʻia e nā rula koʻikoʻi. Koi ʻia kēia ʻano lawaiʻa i kahi laikini.
I ka manawa like, ʻae ʻia e hopu i nā iʻa nui makua wale nō i ka nui o ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumi. A ma waho o ka hoihoi leʻaleʻa wale nō, a laila e hoʻokuʻu i ka mea pio. Akā ʻaʻole he mea maʻamau ka uhaʻi ʻana i ke kānāwai, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kapa ʻio poaching.
Lilo ia ʻano arbitrariness i pahi weliweli a hoʻopōʻino nui i ka heluna kanaka o nā sterlets. Kau ʻia nā kapu nui i kāna hana kalepa. A ʻo ka iʻa i pau i loko o nā hale kūʻai a hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe aloha i ka meaʻai "aliʻi" i nā hale ʻaina ʻaʻole pinepine i hopu ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, akā ulu ʻia i nā mahiʻai kūikawā.
Ma Amur, Neman, Oka i kekahi manawa i hala aku nei, i ka hoʻokumu ʻia o nā biologists, ua hana ʻia nā hana kūikawā. Lawe ʻia ka hānau ʻana o nā lāhui ʻaneʻane e kahi hana hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke kau ʻana i ka frlet fry i ulu ʻia i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i loko o nā wai o kēia mau kahawai.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
Ua hāʻawi ko mākou mau kūpuna i kēia iʻa i ka inoa kapakapa "ʻulaʻula". Akā ʻaʻole ma muli o ke kala, ʻo ia wale nō i ka wā kahiko i kapa ʻia nā mea nani a pau kēia huaʻōlelo. Kohu mea lā, ʻono maoli nō nā ipu i hana ʻia mai ka sterlet.
ʻO ia mau meaʻai i makemake nui ʻia i ka mana o kēia ao. ʻAi ʻia ka mea paʻa e nā pharaohs a me nā mōʻī, ua mahalo nui ʻia nā tsars Lūkia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ʻIrani ka weliweli, e like me nā moʻolelo. A ʻo Peter I, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi palapala kūikawā, koi ʻia e hānai i "iʻa ʻulaʻula" ma Peterhof.
I kēia mau lā, ʻeli ʻia ka sterlet, puhi ʻia, paʻakai ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia no shashlik a me ka supā iʻa, e hoʻopiha nei no nā pai maikaʻi loa ʻLelo lākou ua ʻono iki kāna ʻiʻo e like me ka puaʻa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi me ka kirimona kawa, kāhiko ʻia me nā gherkin, nā ʻoliva, nā pōʻai lemon a me nā mea kanu.
Minamina wale ia wai Sterlet iʻa iʻa hou ʻaʻole loa kēia lā ka mea ma mua. ʻO ka huahana i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia manawa i nā hale kūʻai ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole kēia kahi iʻa i hopu ʻia, akā ulu maoli ʻia. A ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai o ke kumu kūʻai, ʻaʻole waiwai ka broth mai ia mea.
A ʻaʻole like ka ʻono, a me ke kala. ʻO ka ʻiʻo maoli o ka "iʻa ʻulaʻula" he melemele kona ʻano, a ʻo kēia ka mea e momona ai, ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia au. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi sterlet ma ka mākeke. Akā kūʻai lilo aku lākou ia mea malu, mai lalo o ka papahele, no ka mea, ua loaʻa kēlā iʻa e nā poachers.
