ʻO ka ʻīlio hyena no ka ʻohana olaola canine, genus Lycaon, nona wale nō ia ʻano. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka inoa Lākina (Lycaon pictus) mai nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua - ka Greek Greek Lycaon ke ʻano o "wolf" a me ka Latin Latin - hoʻonani ʻia a pena ʻia paha.
Hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa i ka ʻīlio hyena ma muli o kona ʻili ʻokoʻa, uhi ʻia me nā kiko o ka ʻeleʻele, one (ʻulaʻula māmā) a keʻokeʻo, kūlike ʻole i ke ʻano a me ka nui, a aia lākou ke ʻano ʻē, e like me ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ʻelua kanaka i pena ʻia i ka like.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka holoholona
ʻOiai ka inoa - hyena - ʻaʻole like kēia ʻīlio me kahi hyena, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ke ʻano o ke kino, a me ke kala. ʻO kona ʻohana pili loa ka ʻīlio ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma Asia Hema. ʻĪlio Hyena a me hyena ʻo ia hoʻi i nā ʻohana ʻokoʻa - hyena (suborder felines) a me nā canine. Ma waena o nā mea ʻaihue o ka hemisphere ʻākau, pili ka ʻīlio i ka ʻīlio hae, coyote a me ka ʻīlio hae.
ʻĪlio Hyena - holoholona lahilahi, maloʻo, wīwī, e ulu ana i kahi maloʻo a hiki i 77 knm a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 1.3-1.5 m, kahi e lawe ai ka huelo i 0.4 m. He kiʻekiʻe a ikaika kona mau wāwae e ʻae iā ia e holo wikiwiki. Ma nā wāwae mua, 4 manamana wāwae.
Kaupaona ka holoholona mai 18 a 36 kg, ua wehewehe ʻia kahi ʻokoʻa nui e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kaupaona o kahi mea pōloli a hānai maikaʻi hiki ke ʻokoʻa e like me 9 kg. ʻO ia ka mea e hiki ai i ka holoholona ke ʻai i ka manawa. ʻAno ʻokoʻa ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻīlio hyena kāne a wahine hoʻi kekahi i kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kāne.
Pōkole ka hulu o kēia mau ʻīlio, sparse, i kekahi mau wahi ma o ka ʻili, ʻeleʻele, hiki ke ʻālohilohi. ʻAʻole kū hoʻokahi ke kumu o nā kiko no kēlā me kēia holoholona, akā ʻokoʻa hoʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Hiki i ke kua i ʻeleʻele a i keʻokeʻo, i poniuli a i ʻole nā wahi kukui i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma luna ona, he mau palena ʻeleʻele ko nā mea māmā. Aia nā holoholona ʻeleʻele loa.
Nui ʻē ke poʻo, me ka waha o ka manawa pōkole a ʻōpuʻu hoʻi. ʻO nā pepeiao nunui a poepoe hoʻi, a ʻo ka waha hoʻi i nā maka, i nā ʻīlio ʻeleʻele maʻamau, ma waena o nā maka he kaha ʻeleʻele lahilahi, e hoʻomau ana ma ke kua o ke poʻo a me ke kua. ʻO ke koena o ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me nā poʻohiwi ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, brown nā maka.
ʻO ka ʻili o nā ʻīlio hyena he mau glands e hūnā i kahi mea huna, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i kahi ʻala musky ʻike ʻia. Pulu ka huelo, melemele ma ke kumu, ʻeleʻele i ka waena, keʻokeʻo ma ka hope, lōʻihi, hiki i lalo i nā hock. ʻO nā ʻīlio ʻīlio Hyena hānau ʻeleʻele me nā kiko keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi, ka hapanui ma nā wāwae, melemele ke kū nei i 7 mau pule o ko lākou makahiki.
He leo nui ko nā ʻīlio Hyena. ʻUā lākou, e hele ana i kahi alualu, hiki iā lākou ke hae, ʻū, kani ke kani e like me ka moʻo, nā piʻo a nā ʻīlio, e koi ana i ka maka o ko lākou makuahine a i ʻole nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. ʻĪlio Hyena i loko o ke kiʻi - he lunamakaainana maʻamau o kona ʻano.
Kahi e noho ai
Noho nā ʻīlio Hyena ma ka hema a me ka hikina o ʻApelika, ma ka hihiu, nā wahi hoʻomohala ʻole a i ʻole i nā pāka aupuni o Namibia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, Swaziland, Kenya, ʻApelika Hema, Botswana, Mozambique. ʻO ʻApelika Hema kahi home o ka hapalua o ka nui o nā holoholona. ʻOiai ma mua o ka laulā o kēia mau ʻīlio, ua noho lākou i ka savannah mai ka palena hema o Algeria a me Sudan a i ka hema o ka ʻāina nui.
I kēia lā, noho nui nā ʻīlio i nā savannas, steppes semi-Desert, a me nā kahakai kahakai. Loaʻa ma nā wahi mauna, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma nā ulu lāʻau ʻApelika. Kūlike ʻole ka heluna kanaka, ma kekahi mau wahi ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻīlio, a i kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe, kākaʻikahi loa. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hāhai lākou i nā holoholona a lākou e ʻai ai, e neʻe nei a puni ka ʻāina me lākou.
ʻĪlio Hyena - kahi ʻano laha ʻole i komo i loko o ka Red Book ma ke ʻano he lāhui e nalo paha. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻīlio he 3-5.5 tausani, ka awelika o nā kānaka i hoʻokahi hipa he 2-3 kakini, ʻoiai ma mua he 100 a ʻoi paha.
Pili ka hāʻule ʻana o ka nohona a me ka heluna kanaka i nā hana a kānaka, nā maʻi lele (rabies, nā ʻaelike a nā ʻīlio mai nā ʻīlio kūloko, e like me) a me nā kī kī ʻole i mālama ʻia e nā mahiʻai kūloko. Make kekahi mau kānaka i ka wā i hoʻouka ʻia e nā pōpoki nui - cheetahs a me nā liona.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻAno laka ʻole nā ʻīlio, ʻākoakoa nui lākou i loko o kahi ʻāpana, i komo pū me 10-30 mau kānaka, no laila ua ʻoi aku ka holomua o kā lākou ʻimi holoholona. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o nā holoholona, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o lākou. Lio ʻīlio hyena hala ma ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi paha, ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi i ka pō, no ka mea, alakaʻi ʻia lākou e ka ʻike maka, ʻaʻole na ka honi.
ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻono, e like me nā mea ʻānai, hana pololei i kā lākou hana - ʻike pono nā ʻīlio i nā ʻala āpau, lohe i nā kani i kahi mamao loa a ʻike i ka pouli. ʻAe kēia mau mea iā lākou e kiʻi mau i kā lākou meaʻai.
Nā ʻīlio hyena ʻaʻole ma kahi hoʻokahi, ʻo ka wahine wale nō e māka i ka ʻāina i ka wā hānau. Ke hiki ʻole ka ʻai, neʻe nā holoholona i ka ʻāina hou. Ma aneʻi, hoʻāʻo koke lākou e kipaku aku i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i lilo i mau hoʻokūkū nona.
Aia kekahi mau hihia ke kūʻē nā ʻīlio i nā liona a me nā panther, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā holoholona nui a ikaika hoʻi ke kūpale me kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻīlio. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi ʻīlio makua makua olakino ke hoʻokele a pepehi i ka antelope waena.
E like me nā hyenas, hiki i nā ʻīlio hyena ke hahai i nā liona a ʻai i ka meaʻai a lākou e waiho ai. Akā, ʻokoʻa ka hyena, ʻimi pinepine lākou iā lākou iho. ʻAno ʻīlio Hyena ʻaʻole huhū i ka poʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka mua, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hihia kaʻawale o ka hōʻeha e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua ʻeha ka holoholona. Akā hiki iā lākou ke holoholo i nā kauhale a pepehi i nā holoholona, e like me nā hipa a me nā kao, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hana iki i kēia. ʻAʻole makemake lākou i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio, lele koke lākou iā lākou a haehae iā lākou.
He aha kā lākou e ʻai ai?
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻīlio hyena he mau ʻāpana ikaika a me nā molara nui, ʻoi aku i ko nā canine ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻūlū i nā iwi mānoanoa. A ʻaʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea ʻo ka papaʻai nui o kēia mau holoholona he ungulate waena: gazelles, impalas, antelope.
ʻO nā ungulate nui - eland, buffalo, zebra, wildebeest a me oryx - hiki ke lilo i kā lākou mea pio, akā ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi. Inā ʻaʻohe mea pio nui, a laila ke luku ʻia nei nā ʻīlio e nā rodents, nā bea, nā moʻo a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
Hele kā lākou alualu e like me ka hoʻolālā: i ke kakahiaka aloha nā ʻīlio i kekahi i kekahi, pāʻani a me nā frolic. A laila hele lākou e alualu, e waiho ana mai kahi kumu no 15 km a ʻoi paha. ʻIke i nā ungulate, holo wikiwiki kekahi mau poʻe i loko o ka pā, hoʻopuehu iā ia, a koho i ka mea pio nāwaliwali loa.
Hui pū nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a pau iā lākou, alualu i ka ungulate me ka hoʻomau ʻole, i kēia manawa holo lākou i ka palena o ko lākou hiki, i ka wikiwiki o 50-55 km i kēlā me kēia hola, ma kahi mamao loa hiki iā lākou ke hana i kahi dash ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki.
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki ʻoi loa no 5 km, ʻaʻole hou aku, akā lawa kēia no ka holoholona alualu e hoʻomaha i ka luhi. A laila holo wikiwiki nā ʻīlio iā ia a huki iā ia. I kekahi manawa, e hoʻokele nei i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolei iā lākou iho i kona mau wāwae a hopu i kāna ʻōpū. ʻAi koke lākou i ka holoholona i luku ʻia, haehae i nā ʻāpana o nā nui like ʻole mai iā ia.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka mea mua, nā ʻelemakule, nā maʻi, ʻeha a i ʻole nā holoholona nāwaliwali wale nō e make i nā niho o nā ʻīlio hyena, no laila kēia mau mea ʻānai, mālama pono i kā lākou meaʻai, hana pū kekahi i kahi koho i ke kūlohelohe.
Makemake nā ʻīlio Hyena i kaʻiʻo hou, a aneane ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻi i kahi holoholona i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ma mua. ʻAʻohe lākou e ʻai i nā meaʻai mea kanu, nā mea kolo, ʻala, akā mālama lākou me ka mālie i kekahi poʻe scavenger a kokoke iā lākou, ʻaʻole makemake lākou i nā hyena wale nō. Kipaku aku lākou iā lākou me ke aloha ʻole, alakaʻi ʻana i nā hakakā koko me lākou, inā pono.
ʻO ka hana hou a me nā pilina ma ka ʻohana
Hāpai kahi ʻīlio wahine hyena i kāna keiki i nā lua nui ma nā wahi wao akua. ʻAʻole ia e ʻeli i kāna mau lua, hoʻohana i nā mea i hoʻolei ʻia e nā aardvark. ʻO ke koena o nā wahine i loaʻa ʻole nā keiki kōkua iā ia e hānai i nā pēpē. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou poʻe hoahānau he mea maʻamau ia no nā ʻīlio ma waho o ka wā hānau - ʻaʻole hakakā iki lākou i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke lawe mai i ka ʻiʻo i ka poʻe, no nā kumu āpau, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī.
Hiki i nā ʻīlio Hyena ke hoʻohua i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā pēpē i hānau ʻia mai Malaki a Iulai. I nā wahine, hāpai ka hāpai ʻana ma 2-2.5 mau mahina, i hoʻokahi ʻōpala aia mai 2 a 20 mau ʻīlio pēpē. Hānau makapō lākou, olohelohe a kuli hoʻi, a pono piha i ka mālama makuahine.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kaʻawale nā ʻīlio me nā ʻīlio 1-1.5 mau mahina, i kēia manawa a pau e kiaʻi ʻia nā lua e nā kānaka ʻē aʻe. A laila hoʻomaka lākou e haʻalele i nā keiki, i kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻonui ana i ka manawa o ko lākou nalo ʻana.
Ma o 2.5 mau mahina, ulu nui nā pēpē a hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i ka hale. I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole lākou e hele mamao aku iā ia, ʻoiai lākou e ʻike i ka honua a puni lākou a me ko lākou ʻohana. Hele lākou i ka hopu holoholona no ka manawa mua i ka makahiki 1-1.5.
ʻEleu nā ʻīlio ʻōpio, lawe lima, me kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa, makemake lākou e holo, pāʻani, hiki iā lākou ke nahu, i kekahi manawa ma o ka mālama ʻole ʻana ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka ʻole o nā ʻeha. Hoʻolohe ka ʻohana i kahi hierarchy koʻikoʻi, ʻo nā mea nui i loko ona hoʻokahi wahine a kāne hoʻi, e hoʻomau nei no ke ola.
No kā lāua keiki i hānau ʻia ai ka ʻohana. Hoʻolohe ke koena o nā wahine i ka wahine kahiko, hoʻolohe nā kāne i ke kāne. Inā loaʻa koke kekahi o nā wahine, koe wale no ka mea nui, loaʻa nā ʻīlio pēpē, a laila hiki i ka mea nui ke ʻūlū iā lākou. Hōʻaia kēia hana e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he nui nā pēpē i hānau ʻia, a inā ola lākou, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻalo i ka lehulehu o ka ʻeke.
Hoʻokumu maluhia ʻia ka hierarchy ma waena o ke kanaka makua a me ka hanauna ʻōpio, me ka ʻole o nā hakakā, ma ka hōʻike wale ʻana i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā hope. Hiki i nā wahine ʻōpio 2-3 wale nō ke hakakā no ka maka o ke kāne, haʻalele nā mea nalowale i ka ʻeke no ka ʻimi ʻana i ʻohana hou.
ʻO ka hapalua o nā kāne, hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, haʻalele pū kekahi e hana i kahi hipa hou. ʻO ka pinepine i kēia manawa hoʻouka kaua ʻia kahi holoholona mehameha e nā liona, he ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā ʻīlio nā hyetah cheetahs. Loaʻa i kahi ʻohana hou he 3-5 mau holoholona o ka makahiki like.
Noho nā ʻīlio Hyena i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki, akā ma ke ʻano he mau holoholona, a lilo lākou i kekahi manawa - ʻoi aku, a i 15 mau makahiki. Manaʻo ʻia nā holoholona e hoʻomelehua ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia, maʻa a pili i nā poʻe, lilo i mau punahele ʻohana ma muli o ko lākou ʻano leʻaleʻa, leʻaleʻa, pāʻani a me ka neʻe.
I ke pio ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hānau keiki, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻīlio pēpē i hānau ʻia ma mua o nā kūlana kūlohelohe. He mea hoihoi ka ʻīlio hyena ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana o nā holoholona ʻApelika, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui. Ma waho aʻe o kona helehelena kupaianaha, he nui kona mau hiʻohiʻona i hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa iā ia mai nā ʻelele o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Ke lana nei ka manaʻo ʻaʻole e nalo kēia ʻano lāhui malihini, e hana ʻia nā ʻano no ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā ʻīlio ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka wā kahiko.
