I hoʻokahi manawa i ka wā kamaliʻi, heluhelu mākou i ka moʻolelo fairy a Andersen "Thumbelina". ʻO ke kāne holomua o ka heroine o ka fairy tale he mole - kahi ʻano nui, momona, makapō me ke kapa huluhulu momona, mālie, paʻa a kūpili.
Eia nō naʻe, i ke ʻano, he liʻiliʻi loa kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha a ʻaʻole mālie loa. He mea maʻalahi lākou, ʻaʻole hibernate a alualu pinepine ma mua o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai ma mua o 15-17 mau hola. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka nui o ka ikehu e hele i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lepo.
A ʻo ke kapa huluhulu, pololei kēlā. He huluhulu ʻoluʻolu kupaianaha ko nā mole. Nā ʻili liʻiliʻi, akā ikaika a kūpono i ka humuhumu ʻana i nā hulu wahine. ʻAʻole hoʻomehana nui nā huahana i humuhumu ʻia, akā ua lei maikaʻi a nani ke nānā aku. Nui ke kumu kūʻai. I ka USSR, aia kahi lawaiʻa holoʻokoʻa no ia ʻili.
I kēia manawa ua lilo kāna waiwai waiwai a hoʻomau i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka honua. ʻO ka maka maka maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi. Makapō maoli kēia mau mea, a i kekahi manawa makapō loa. He mau māmela lākou, nā insectivores a me nā mea ʻeli maikaʻi loa.
Hiki ke unuhi maoli ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "mole" ma ke ʻano he "digger". He aʻa Slavic kahiko kona a ua like like me ka ʻōlelo ma nā ʻōlelo he nui. I Kelemania, ua wehewehe ʻia ka unuhi: "mole" i kā lākou mau huaʻōlelo ʻo "ʻeli eli". Ma waena o ka honua hoihoi a pīhoihoi hoʻi o ka poʻe noho i lalo, aia kahi kū hoʻokahi i ka helehelena mole nū hōkū.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Liʻiliʻi ka lōʻihi, 13-18 cm wale nō, a ʻaʻohe waiwai nui o kona ʻahu. Ua like ʻole ka maikaʻi o kona maka me ko nā mole ʻē aʻe. Ihu hōkū a i ʻole ihu hōkū - kahi ʻano mamala mai ka ʻohana mole. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻili ma ka waha o ka nui o 22 mau ʻāpana.
I ka ʻōlelo o ka hoʻohui kino, like ʻo ia me kona poʻe ʻohana mai ʻEulopa. ʻO ke kino, i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano, ua hana ʻia no ka ʻeli ʻana i nā ala lalo a noho i nā lua. ʻO kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻano like ke kino me ka paukū a i ʻole kahi palaka ākea, conical ke poʻo me ka ihu kiko, ma ka ʻāʻī kokoke e ʻike ʻole ʻia.
He ʻelima manamana ko ka forelimbs, a ʻo ia ka mīkini no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lepo. Hoʻohālike ko lākou helehelena me ka ʻōʻō, ʻoiai ke huli ʻia me kā lākou "mau lima" i luna. ʻElima mau manamana wāwae hoʻi o nā wāwae hope, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ma mua o nā mua.
He pale wai ka pale, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka ʻohana ʻē aʻe, a ʻeleʻele kona kala i ka manawa maʻamau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻeleʻele kekahi kanaka, akā ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma mua o nā "moles European", ma kahi o 6-8 cm. Uhi ʻia nā mea āpau me nā lauoho paʻakikī. I ka hoʻoilo, hana kēia ʻōhua ma ke ʻano he "storeroom". Mānoanoa ia i ke anuanu, e hōʻiliʻili ana i nā mālama mālama momona.
Kaupaona ka holoholona mai 45 a 85 g, e noʻonoʻo ana i ke kau, ka nui o ka meaʻai a me ka moekolohe. ʻO ke poʻo, e like me nā kānaka āpau o ka ʻano e noʻonoʻo ʻia nei, elongated, liʻiliʻi nā maka, akā ʻike ʻia e like me nā lānahu. Aia i ka pouli ka hapanui o ka manawa, ua lilo ka mole i ka maʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā pepeiao, akā ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kekahi ʻano, lohe maikaʻi ʻo ia.
Star-ihu i ka kiʻi he helehelena exotic loa. Nani ʻo ia a weliweli. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka ihu, ma ke kihi loa, aia nā ʻili e ulu, 11 ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. He hōkū lākou ke nānā aku, no laila ka inoa. Akā like hou me nā tentacles o kahi moʻo malihini.
Ma muli o kēia, he ʻano ʻokoʻa kona. Me lākou, "nānā" ʻo ia i ka meaʻai a me nā hōʻoia no ka hiki ke ʻai. ʻO ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻimi a me ka nānā ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka mole nosed hōkū ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa ma mua o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, no kēia mau ulu.
A hoʻoneʻe ʻo ia iā lākou i kēia manawa wikiwiki loa, aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka. Ma o ke kiʻi ʻana wale nō hiki ke ʻike i kēia neʻe ʻana. Hiki i ka mole ke nānā aku i 30 mau mea liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia kekona me kāna "whiskers". ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona mau niho a lahilahi ma mua o nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke nahu me ka wikiwiki a me ka ʻeha. Ka helu o nā niho 44.
Nā ʻano
Hoʻolahalaha nui ka ʻohana mole ma nā ʻāina ʻelua - ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Eurasia. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma kahi o 17 genera, i hoʻopili ʻia ma mua o 40 mau ʻano mole. All mammals, insectivores, nā holoholona.
Alakaʻi nui lākou i kahi nohona o ka honua, ʻano maikaʻi o ka pilau, hoʻopā a hoʻolohe, akā ʻike maikaʻi ʻole lākou a ʻike ʻole paha. Aia kekahi mau inoa ʻano maʻalahi e hoʻokele i kahi a lākou e noho ai.
ʻO kahi laʻana, Kina nui, Himalayan, Kepanī, Vietnamese, Komohana a me ʻAmelika Hikina, Kina Komohana, Siberian, Caucasian, ʻEulopa, ʻĀkia ʻĀkia, Iberian, Kaleponi, Pākīpika, ʻIlaniana, molina Yunnan. ʻAʻole paha nā ʻano āpau i ʻike ʻia e ka nohona.
Hōʻike nā inoa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona i waho. Mole nunui-niho, helehelena pōkole, huelo keʻokeʻo, huelo huluhulu, ʻōlohilohi, loloa, makapō he laʻana o nā inoa e pili ana i nā ʻano kūwaho. Aia kekahi mau inoa “nominal” - mole a Stankovich, mole a Kobe, mole a Townsend.
Liʻiliʻi ka nui o kēia mau kānaka āpau, mai 8 a 13 cm. Eia kekahi laʻana, ʻo ka mole ʻEulopa he 13 knm, ʻo ka mole neʻe honua o 7.9 knm, ʻo ka mole makapō he 12 cm. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Desman a me nā shrews i ka ʻohana o nā mea ʻeli honua.
Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano papa inoa i hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā pono. ʻO kahi laʻana, hūnā mau nā maka o ka mole makapō ma lalo o ka ʻili, ʻaʻohe nele ka mole Caucasian i nā ʻāpana maka, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia e X-ray.
ʻO ka mole Kina ʻaʻole wale ka liʻiliʻi a lahilahi, kiʻekiʻe kona mau wāwae, ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia ka mua no ka ʻeli ʻana a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana. ʻAʻole hoʻomohala ʻia lākou, e like me nā mole ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole nānā e like me ka ʻōʻō. ʻAʻohe o ka lauoho ʻo Desman moles, uhi ʻia ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa i ka vibrissae - nā lauoho paʻakikī.
ʻO ka mole nui loa ʻo Siberian, kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe a 19 cm a kaupaona ma kahi o 220 g. Hānau ʻo ia i nā keiki i ka lōʻihi loa, ʻaneʻane 9 mau mahina. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mole neʻe i ka honua i ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau a hiki iā ia ke luku i kahi pūnana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2-4 m
A ʻo nā mole Australia marsupial i kahi laina kaʻawale. He ʻano like ko lākou a me ka helehelena me nā mole, kapa ʻia nā mamamala kokoke like, ʻo ka genus o marsupial wale nō.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ka ihu hōkū ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau. Noho i kahi wahi nui mai Kanada a i Georgia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma muli o ka ʻike nui ʻia ma Kanada, kahi inoa ʻē aʻe no kēia mea ola ihu hōkū kanadian.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona nā mole wale nō i hiki ke noho i nā kolone. ʻO nā koena o nā laha he hakakā loa. Koho lākou i ka lepo pohō, nā wahi ulu no ka noho ʻana, pono lākou i ka ona.
ʻEli lākou i ka honua, kūkulu i nā ʻōnaehana lalo honua holoʻokoʻa o nā paukū. ʻEli lākou i ka lepo me ko lākou forelimbs, ke kaʻa nei i ko lākou kino a puni ka axis, e like me ka drill. A laila hoʻokuke lākou i ka honua i ka papa, e hana ana i nā puʻu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻoholo kēia mau "pyramids" i kahi o nā mole.
Hoʻolako lākou i kā lākou mink me ka ʻoluʻolu, kekahi o nā "lumi" he nui e lawelawe iā lākou ma ke ʻano he lumi moe a i wahi hoʻomaha paha. Hoʻopili lākou iā ia me nā lau maloʻo, mauʻu, mauʻu liʻiliʻi a me nā aʻa. Aia kahi lumi i kahi mamao loa mai ka wehe mua, ma ka hopena o kahi ala lalo paʻakikī e like me kahi labyrinth.
Aia ia ma kahi hohonu o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika mai ka papa o ka honua. ʻO kēlā mau paukū e pili pū ana me ia, he kūpaʻa ia, ʻōlapa a hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia. ʻAʻole komo pololei ka ea ma laila, akā ua lawa ia mai nā luawai i ʻeli hou ʻia i ka lepo ma loko o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Aia nō he mau ʻaoʻao e alakaʻi i ka wai. Ihu hōkū holoholona alakaʻi i kahi nohona semi-aquatic. Nanea ʻo ia i ka ʻauʻau, luʻu a me ka ʻimi holoholona i ka wai.
A ma ka ʻili o ka honua hiki ke loaʻa pinepine aʻe ma mua o nā mole ʻē aʻe. E ʻimi kēia mau holoholona nimble ma ka ʻāina, lalo a me ka wai. ʻAʻole mahele ʻia kā lākou hana e ka manawa o ke ao, ikaika like lākou i ke ao a me ka pō. ʻAʻole lākou e hibernate i ka hoʻoilo, e hele wāwae ana no ka mea pio i ka hau, a i ʻole e luʻu ana ma lalo o ka hau. Hewa luhi ʻole a laulā hoʻi.
Noho lākou i nā hui, a i ʻole, i nā ʻohana nui. ʻO nā holoholona ihu hōkū nā holoholona kaiāulu, a pili loa kekahi i kekahi. ʻO kēia ka ʻokoʻa o lākou mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e makemake e noho kaʻawale. ʻAneʻane mau, noho nā kāne me nā wahine ma waho o ka wā hānau, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou kūpaʻa a me ka monogamy. A ʻo ka manaʻo ikaika loa iā ia ke aloha makua.
ʻO ka holoholona insectivorous he predator e ke kūlohelohe, no laila i kekahi manawa he lokoino, puni koko a hoʻopaʻi hoʻi. Ke hakakā nei no ko lākou wahi noho, hakakā nā mole kekahi i kekahi me ka huhū. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka ʻai kanaka i loko o kēia mea "nani". Hana nā holoholona i nā kani leʻaleʻa, ʻū lākou a ʻū, e like me nāʻiole.
Meaʻai kūpono
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, kā mākou holoholona hihiu He mea ʻimi holoholona maʻalahi. Nānā i ka mea pio ma lalo o ka hau a ma lalo o ka hau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka papa kuhikuhi o kāna papa kuhikuhi ma mua o nā moles maʻamau, ʻoiai e ʻimi nei hoʻi ia i lalo o ka wai. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo kāna meaʻai ka wormorms, nā kolo a me kā lākou larvae.
Luku nā mole i nā wireworms, nā weevil, nā bea, nā larvae o nā beetles like ʻole a me nā lele, nā ʻenuhe. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i kahi slug. I loko o ka wai, hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā crustacean liʻiliʻi, nā kuhū a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma aneʻi e neʻe ka holoholona me ka ʻeleu, ma ka honua a ma ka wai.
He ʻano pilau kona, hiki ke honi i ka mea pio i kahi mamao loa. A laila, neʻe wikiwiki i ka honua a i ʻole i ka lepo ākea, loaʻa iā ia. I ka wai, hiki ke hoʻokūkū me kekahi iʻa i ka wikiwiki ʻauʻau.
Nui ka ʻai o ka holoholona, ʻai ʻo ia he 5-6 mau manawa i ka lā, no laila ua koi ʻia e hoʻonui mau i kāna wahi ʻimi holoholona. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ʻōwili kēia mea ʻai i loko o kahi pōpō liʻiliʻi, hoʻopaʻa i kona poʻo a me nā wāwae ma lalo o ka ʻōpū, a hiamoe no 4 mau hola.
I kēia manawa, loaʻa ka manawa o ka meaʻai e hoʻoiho. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻo ia i nā ilo, ʻaʻole nahu i ka lepo, akā e hoʻohana ana i nā tunnels kahiko. Hoʻokuʻu ka holoholona i kahi musk kūikawā e ʻumeʻume ai i nā mea pio. ʻOiai i ka hoʻoilo, hana nā ilo, ʻume ʻia lākou e ka wela a me ka pilau.
Nui kona mau ʻenemi i ke kūlohelohe. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mau manu, a me nā mea hōkai ʻuʻuku, e like me skunk a me marten, a me nā iʻa predatory. ʻOiai, he lima pū ko ke kanaka i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nohona o ka holoholona. No laila, he mikioi kupaianaha a me ke akamai hoʻi nā mole. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e hoʻomohala maikaʻi i nā ʻāina hou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Pālua lākou i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, hoʻomaka ke kau male ma ka hopena o Malaki. Komo nā wahine ʻōpio i kēia kau ma hope o ka poʻe mākua. Nā kāne i ihu hōkū i ka hāʻule, a noho pū a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ke kau male. No laila e ʻōlelo, ke nānā pono nei lākou. I hoa kāne, hele mai lākou i luna.
45 mau lā, mai ʻApelila a Iune, hele wāwae ka wahine hāpai, a laila mai 2 a 7 mau keiki hānau. I ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana, neʻe ko lākou makuahine i kahi mehana, maloʻo maloʻo, kekahi o nā "lumi hoʻomaha". Aia ia ma kahi mamao aku o ka honua a mai ka puka nui. ʻAʻole nani nā mole liʻiliʻi i ka helehelena, ʻōhule, akā ulu a ulu koke me ka wikiwiki.
Wehe nā maka a me nā pepeiao ma hope o 2 mau pule, a laila hoʻomaka ka "hōkū" ma ka ihu e ulu. I ka wā mua, hānai ʻo ko lākou makuahine iā lākou me ka waiū, me ka hoʻonoe holoi ʻana iā lākou i ka ʻai waiū. Ma hope o 3-4 mau pule, ʻai ʻē ka mole liʻiliʻi e like me ka makua. Ulu lākou, a hiki i ka makahiki o 10 mahina. Noho lākou ma ka awelika mai 4 a 6 mau makahiki.
Pōmaikaʻi a hōʻeha i nā kānaka
Makaʻu ka poʻe māla i ka ʻāmū o nā mole i nā mea kanu a ʻūmū paha i nā aʻa. Eia naʻe, i ka luku ʻana i nā mea kolo a me kā lākou larvae, kōkua nui nā mole i nā kānaka. Ua hoʻokuʻu pono lākou i ka lepo, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lepo i lawe ʻia mai nā molehills, ʻaʻole pono e kanana ʻia, maikaʻi kona ʻano. Hoʻopau pū lākou i ka wireworm a me ka bea - nā ʻenemi mau loa i ka māla, nā ʻenuhe e ʻai i nā mea kanu. Nui nā keu pono o ia mea.
Akā inā hānai ʻia nā mole ma ka pūnaewele, ʻaʻole kēia he pono hou aʻe. He pōʻino kēia. Haehae lākou i nā moena pua, nā moena, nā ala. Ke ʻeli nei nā mea āpau, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mea kanu. A luku loa lākou i nā worormorm, a ʻo kēlā mau mea, e like me kou ʻike, he pono pū kekahi no ka hana lepo.
He makehewa ia e luku i kā lākou neʻe, kūkulu koke lākou i mau mea hou. Ua piʻi mai ka poʻe me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi e hakakā ai i ka nui o nā mole i nā wahi. ʻO kēia nā pahele ʻokoʻa, nā mea ʻawahia, kahi hana o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā lua me ka wai a me nā repellents. A aʻo pū kekahi kanaka i nā ʻīlio a i ʻole nā pōpoki e huli i nā mole. Loaʻa nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o kēlā me kēia ʻano.
No ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi hei, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka neʻe e hele pinepine ai ka holoholona. He ʻano kanaka ʻole ia e hoʻohana i nā mea ʻawahia no ka luku, eia hoʻi, palekana ʻole ia no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke ninini ʻia ka wai ma luna o nā lua, akā aia kahi manawa e ninini i ka wai ma luna o nā mea kanu. A laila maloʻo ka lepo, a hoʻi nā holoholona.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i kahi ʻīlio a i ʻole pōpoki e ʻimi i kahi mole ka maikaʻi, akā lōʻihi. Eia hou, kaukaʻi ʻia i kāu mau holoholona ma ka pūnaewele. Inā he nui, ʻaʻole hiki i kāu mea kōkua ke kūleʻa Hoʻokomo kekahi i nā ʻupena i ka lepo a kanu i nā mea ʻoi, akā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu kēlā ʻano.
ʻO kahi ʻano kanaka aʻe a kūpono hoʻi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mea pale like ʻole. Hoʻonohonoho ka walaʻau i ke koʻikoʻi i ka holoholona. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā kani ʻino a haʻalele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā leo nui ke hoʻonāukiuki i ke kanaka a me kona mau hoanoho.
Aia nā scarers ultrasonic, nā mea ʻala e makaʻu ai nā holoholona. Aia nā mea kanu e hoʻoneʻe i ka mole mai ia wahi me kā lākou ʻala, e laʻa me nā legume, marigolds, lavender, calendula, kālika, ʻaka.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- Hiki i kona lauoho o ke kino ke piʻo i kēlā me kēia ala, ʻae kēia i ka mole e holo ma nā ala o ka honua i mua ʻaʻole wale me kona poʻo, akā me kāna huelo. Hoʻokele maʻalahi ʻo ia i kahi a neʻe i ka wikiwiki like i nā kūlana ʻelua.
- ʻAʻole i hoʻokahe ʻo Mole i 2 manawa i ka makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine. ʻO ka neʻe mau ʻana ma nā ʻaoʻao haiki e holoi i ko lākou huluhulu, e koi ana iā lākou e hemo i ka huluhulu hulu i mau manawa i ka makahiki.
- E pili ana i ka nui o nā meaʻai e ʻai ai, ʻaneʻane ʻo ia ka mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo. Me ke kaupaona o 45 a 85 gram, ʻai ia a 22 mau huna o nā ʻūlū ma ka manawa, a 50-60 mau lika i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAneʻane like kēia me ke kaupaona o kona kino.
- ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia e mālama i nā mole i ka pio. Pono ʻo ia e ʻeli mau i ka lepo, a momona ʻole ʻo ia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻopihapiha ke pani i ka hoʻohui o ka lepo. ʻAʻole e hana i ka hana ʻeli maʻamau, e make ka holoholona.
- Hoʻoholo nā ʻepekema-archaeologists mai Denmark e loaʻa kahi hoʻohana no nā mole. Hoʻohana lākou iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mau ʻenekia huli, ʻoiai kēlā mau mea, e ʻeli ana i ka honua, e pahu i nā mea āpau i loko. Hāʻule pū nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i kēia hana.
- He ʻano seismic ulu nui nā mole, "wānana" lākou i ke ōlaʻi.
