He paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo, akā he mau kūpuna ko ka bear, fox a me ka raccoon - 30 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akahai ka nui o ka holoholona brown a neʻe i ka lele ʻana i luna o nā kumulāʻau. I ke ʻano o ka evolution, ua loli ka nui - ua puka mai nā ʻano bear i noho a puni ka honua a ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui a weliweli loa - aloha, ʻaʻole me ke kumu ʻole i unuhi ʻia kona inoa ʻepekema mai Latina ma ke ʻano he "fierce". ʻOiai kapa ʻia ia he bear bear, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lunamaka o kēia laha ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana pili.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kona inoa Bea bear i loaʻa mai nā poʻe noho i hele mai i nā kenekulia he nui i hala aku nei i nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻAkau, no ka kala hina hina o ka ʻahu. ʻO ka predator like loa me nā lāhui maʻamau - ka bear bear, akā ʻoi aku ia i ka ikaika a me ka nui.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona lauoho hina he mau ʻāʻī ikaika a me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi, e hiki ana i 16 cm ka lōʻihi a ʻae iā ʻoe e pepehi koke i ka mea pio i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ana, akā ʻaʻole lākou e kōkua i ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau - nui ke kaumaha o ka holoholona.
ʻOiai nā mākala i hoʻomohala ʻia a me ka ikaika nui, ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi o nā grizzlies ma mua o nā bear brown, ʻoi aku ka ākea o ko lākou alo a me nā iwi ihal, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka hope o ke kino, no laila ke hele wāwae ana, holo nā holoholona. Pālahalaha maoli ka wāwae o ka holoholona - ke hele wāwae, kau ia ma kona ʻili holoʻokoʻa, piʻi ka wāwae i 35 knm ka lōʻihi a 18 cm ka laulā, me ka helu ʻole i nā māiʻuʻu.
ʻO ka bea grizzly ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o nā predator ferocious a nui loa hoʻi ma ka honua.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka holoholona e kona mau maka liʻiliʻi a me nā pepeiao maʻalea, ʻaʻole ia e pale iā ia mai ke kiʻi ʻino ʻana i nā kani ma kahi mamao o kekahi mau kilomita a ʻike maikaʻi a hiki i ka pouli. He kaʻina huelo kā ka bear grizzly, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi o kēia ʻano he huelo piha, e noʻonoʻo ana he lole koena i waiho ʻia mai nā kūpuna mai.
Kaumaha grizzly ʻo ka awelika he 500 kg, inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi kāne makua, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā wahine - a hiki i 350 kg, akā naʻe, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema hiki i nā kānaka o kēia laha ke piʻi i ke kaupaona a i ke ton. Noho ka bea kaumaha loa ma kahi kokoke i Alaska a kaupaona ma kahi o 800 kg.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi grizzly ma kahi maloʻo hiki i 2 mau mika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 4 mau mika, kahi hahau ikaika o kahi holoholona nunui e waiho i kāna mea i hōʻeha ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke ola. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka poʻe nui loa e noho nei i nā kahakai kahakai, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou mau kāne a me nā wahine i ke kāʻei ma mua o nā poʻe o nā ʻāina hohonu.
Hiki i ka bea grizzly ke pepehi i nā holoholona nui me hoʻokahi kuʻi.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Mau kenekulia i hala grizzly bear noho ua kaupalena ʻia i nā ʻāina pālahalaha o ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēia manawa, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua koi ka noho kokoke ʻana o nā kānaka i ka bea e hele i ka ʻākau a piʻi i nā kuahiwi.
I kēia mau lā, ua loaʻa ka nui o nā kānaka o kēia ʻano i Alaska a me Northern Kanada, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Idaho a me Wakinekona, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā National Parks, kahi e helu ai kēlā me kēia kanaka, a nānā ʻia ka heluna kanaka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono hou loa.
Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o nā bea grizzly i kēia manawa, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i 50,000 mau holoholona, i hiki ke mālama ʻia ma muli o ke kaohi no ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona. I mea e mālama ai iā lākou iho, koho nā bea o kēia ʻano i nā wahi paʻakikī e hiki i nā kānaka me nā ālaina koʻikoʻi: nā mānoanoa o nā ululāʻau, nā pōhaku pōhaku a i ʻole nā awāwa, a me ke kahakai o ka moana, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ola grizzly kahi e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai i ka nui kūpono.
ʻO nā wahi punahele paha - kokoke i nā kahawai kuahiwi i piha i ka iʻa, no ka hopu ʻana i kekahi mau kānaka e hui pū i nā hui. Basically, grizzlies are loners and prefer to live away from each other in in dens, kuʻina mauna a me nā ana i ʻeli ʻia no kēia, akā aia kekahi mau holoholona makua me nā keiki. I ke kau moʻo, hiki i nā kāne ke haehae kekahi i kekahi ma muli o ka paio no ka wahine.
Ana Grizzly ʻae iā ia e makaʻu ʻole i kona ola: ka makaʻu ʻole a me ka ikaika kino nui i lilo i ʻōlelo no ka ʻenemi. Hiki i ka holoholona ke pepehi i nā holoholona nui i loko o kekona mau kekona me ka pā ʻana o ka ʻūwi manamana a haehae i kahi kupapaʻu, hiki i ka bea ke mālama i kahi bison hihiu.
He pilina kūlike ʻole nā bea o kēia ʻano me nā kānaka: liʻiliʻi iki lākou i ka poʻe a hoʻāʻo e hūnā mai ka maka o ke kanaka, akā make pinepine nā mea ʻimi ʻume mea kaua mai nā wāwae o grizzlies.
Inā ʻeha kahi holoholona, hoʻonui ka huhū i mau manawa a ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke pakele mai iā ia: ʻo ka wikiwiki i ka ʻāina a hiki i 60 km / h, he ʻauʻau kai maikaʻi nā bea grizzly a kū i nā kahawai ikaika o nā kahawai.
Holo wikiwiki ʻo Grizzly bear a ʻauʻau nui
Hāpai ka holoholona i ka makaʻu nui loa i ka wā e ʻai ana, aia kekahi mau hihia ke lawe nā mea mākaʻikaʻi i nā bear i ka bear a ua hele mālie ʻo ia i ke kanaka, akā ʻaʻole ia i hoʻomanawanui i ka hana o ka mea ʻai.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke ala ʻoi loa e pakele ai mai kahi bea grizzly, e like me nā ʻano bear ʻē aʻe, no ke kanaka e hoʻohālike i ke kū ʻana o ka mea make - pono e wili ʻia i loko o kahi pōpō, e wili nei i kona mau wāwae a uhi i kona poʻo me kona mau lima.
ʻO ka manawa hana nui loa i ke ola o kahi grizzly ka manawa e ulu ai ka iʻa, ke ʻai ka holoholona i ka ʻōpala, e mālama ana i ka momona subcutaneile. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau, hoʻomaka ka bear e nānā i kahi kūpono no ka hibernation, e hoʻomaka ana ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau mua.
ʻO ka maʻamau, aia kahi noho hoʻoilo ma waena o nā aʻa o nā kumu lāʻau, ma lalo o nā pahu i hāʻule a i ʻole nā ana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi holoholona ke hibernate i loko o kahi anthill i ʻeli ʻia, ua uhi mua ʻia me ka limu, nā nila nila a me nā mauʻu maloʻo. He mea nui ia e hoʻonohonoho nā kāne i kahi moe moe mua ma mua o nā wahine, keu hoʻi inā he hāpai ia: he mahana a ākea hoʻi ko lākou noho.
ʻO Hibernation grizzly ʻaʻole ia e like me ka hiamoe maikaʻi, maʻalahi ka holoholona i nā loli i ke ʻano o ke aniau: waiho kahi wai wai i ka hale e ʻimi i nā meaʻai, i nā hoʻoilo hau ʻaʻole e waiho ka bea i kāna lua a hiki i nā lā puna mahana. Kuhi nā ʻepekema i ka moe ʻana o kahi bear grizzly a hiki i ka hapalua o kona lōʻihi.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻOiai ke kaulana o kahi mea ʻino kūpilikiʻi, omnivorous nā bea grizzly, a makemake i nā mea kanu mea kanu. ʻO nā mea punahele a ka holoholona he mau hua hihiu, nā nati a me nā aʻa momona. Mālama nā mea kanu i ka papaʻai o ka grizzly; i ka makahiki pōloli, lele hū nā holoholona i nā mahina ʻai me nā cereala a me nā legume, e ʻai ana i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻohi.
Hana ʻia ka papa protein i nā hua manu a me nā mea kolo; ʻaʻole kūpale ke grizzlies i ka ʻai ʻana i nā moa hou a me nā mea kolo. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā ka clubfoot i nā mea kolo: hiki ke ʻai a hiki i ka 40,000 butterflies a i ʻole nā mu i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ka bea grizzly he haneli a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka honi ma mua o nā kānaka
Lilo pū nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i waiwai pio no nā grizzly: ʻo ka marmots, nā lemmings a i ʻole nā ʻiole vole kāna makemake i ka meaʻai. Mea pio nui - ʻike ʻia nā moose a i ʻole nā bipi hihiu ma lalo iki, ma nā wahi kai e hopu nā liona kai a me nā sila.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā bea he poʻe scavenger i ke ʻano piha o ka huaʻōlelo, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o nā holoholona make a hiki ke honi iā lākou i mau mile he ʻumi mau mile ke mamao aku, inā laki ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi kino kohola i holoi ʻia i uka.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke launa pū me kahi bea i nā landfill kahi kahi neoneo o ka meaʻai, pili wale kēia i nā ʻōpala i waiho ʻia e ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, akā i nā ʻōpala hoʻi kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻōpala i lilo i waiwai pio o ka poʻe maʻi a me nā ʻelemākule, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e ʻai ka holoholona nāwaliwali loa ma hope o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, nā bea a i ʻole nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Inā kahe kahi kahawai kokoke i kahi e noho ai ka grizzly, hopu nā holoholona i nā iʻa na lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano punahele - salmon a me ka trout, a hiki i ka bea ke hopu iā lākou i ka lele me kona mau niho a maiuu a ale koke iā lākou. Inā noho kekahi mau bear i hoʻokahi wahi i ka manawa hoʻokahi, hoʻokaʻawale lākou i nā wahi lawaiʻa i waena o lākou iho a ʻaʻole i uhaʻi i nā palena.
No ka pono o ka meli, huki i nā kumu makua i kahi o nā hives e noho ai, a laila luku i nā hale pi a loaʻa i kahi mea ʻono. Bea bear ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha haʻahaʻa a me ka ikaika o ke kino, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi kiʻekiʻe ma ke kumu a lawe i ka meli mai nā pūnana insect me ka hōʻeha ʻole i ka lāʻau.
I mea e hoʻopiha ai i nā mālama momona no ka hoʻoilo, pono i kahi kāne kāne makua e hoʻopau a hiki i 20,000 calories i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pōloli kiʻekiʻe e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka momona, kahi e hoʻomehana ai i ke anuanu, i nā bea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka paʻi ʻana.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO Iune ke kau moʻa no nā bea grizzly, honi nā kāne wahine i kahi mamao o kekahi mau mile ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o kahi huna kūikawā mai ka hope. Hiki i nā wahine ke hānau i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō i ka makahiki; i ka nui, hiki i nā bear ke oʻo i ka makahiki 5th o ke ola, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o nā holoholona i hana.
ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā miscarriages ma waena o nā wahine: inā liʻiliʻi ka papaʻai o ka bea i ka wā kau-kauwela, e lilo ana kāna keiki hānau ʻole. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻopaneʻe ka implantation a hiki i ka manawa o ka hibernation. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mau holoholona monogamous nā bea; i hoʻokahi kau moʻo, noho ke kāne a me ka wahine me hoʻokahi hoa wale nō.
ʻO nā grizzlies o nā kāne ʻokoʻa i ka pālua no 10 mau lā wale nō, i kēia manawa loaʻa ʻokoʻa kā lākou mau meaʻai, mālama kēlā me kēia iā ia iho kūʻokoʻa, kaʻana like lākou i kahi hibernation. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻi nā holoholona i kahi nohona mehameha. Hana wale ka wahine i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, akā ʻaʻole kūkaʻi ke kāne i kāna mau keiki ponoʻī, akā ʻaʻole ia e pale iā lākou mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Noho kokoke nā Cubs i ko lākou makuahine a hiki i 2 mau makahiki, i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ia e male hou. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā keiki i ka lua, hiki i ka makuahine o ka ʻohana ke hoʻolilo i hoʻokahi makahiki hou me ka ʻole o ke kāne - ʻo kēia ka wā o ke ola hou ʻana o kahi mea nāwaliwali.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana no kahi bear grizzly mai 180 a 250 mau lā, hānau ʻia ka hānau hānau i ka wā hoʻoilo, pinepine i Ianuali, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ala ka makuahine mai ka hiamoe. Hānai nā keiki hānau hou i ka waiū makuahine momona a hiki i ke kauwela, a laila no ka manawa mua e hoʻāʻo i ka meaʻai paʻa a ʻahaʻaina i ka meli.
ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi bear grizzly hānau hou ma mua o 500 g, hiki i kekahi i 800 g, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka nui o ka bear bear ma mua o 30 cm, makapō a ʻaʻohe o lākou niho, a ulu lākou i ka lauoho 4-6 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻAʻole hānau ka bea wahine o kēia ʻano i nā keiki he 4 a ʻoi aku ka nui, akā 2-3 mau cubes ka mea maʻamau.
ʻO ka helehelena o ka mestizo i kapa ʻia - ʻaʻole kūpikipiki nā wahine i ka male ʻana me nā kāne o nā laha ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapanui o nā bea ʻeleʻele maʻamau, no laila hiki i nā grizzlies liʻiliʻi ke loaʻa i kahi kala ʻokoʻa, kahi i ʻeleʻele ka pale nui, a hina ka ʻāpana o ka sternum a me ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe noiʻi i ka polar grizzly ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūikawā - pili ia i ka moʻo ʻana o kahi bear polar a me kahi grizzly maʻamau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hiki i kahi hybrid ke hana i nā keiki e loaʻa i kahi kala hina hina a i ʻole nā kiko keʻokeʻo o ka hulu hipa ma kahi kino hina.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā pēpē pale ʻole ke ola makua a hiki i ke ʻano makua: hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea hao no nā mea ʻaihue nui a kāne paha o kā lākou ʻano iho. Hiki i nā mea hope loa ke luku i nā keiki ʻaʻole wale no ka pono o ka meaʻai, akā no ka wahine e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i loko no nā kumu hānau.
Pāʻani nā keiki liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi e launa pū me nā kānaka, ʻoi loa inā haʻalele lākou me ka ʻole o ka makuahine. ʻO nā bea grizzly e ulu aʻe a pili i ka poʻe e lilo i mau hoa aloha a palekana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi a akamai loa.
Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka manawa i loko o ka nohona maʻamau no nā laha, i ka wā oʻo makua ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ola i ka nāhelehele. Nui nā kiʻi i nā hōʻiliʻili o nā zoo a me nā kahu hānai, kahi grizzly i ke kiʻi aʻe i ka poʻe nāna lākou i hoʻowalewale, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe predators ma mua o ke kāne makua.
Ua hōʻea ka holoholona i ka nui o nā mākua i ka makahiki o 5-6 mau makahiki mai ka hānau ʻana, akā hoʻomau ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou kino no 8-10 mau makahiki, ʻo kēia ka manawa hana nui loa i ke ola o nā holoholona, i kēia manawa hiki lākou i ka piko o ko lākou hiki kino a hoʻoweliweli i kahi makaʻāina ʻoi loa o kā lākou laha. ...
Noho ʻo Grizzlies i ka nāhelehele mai 22 a 26 mau makahiki, aia kekahi mau kenekulia a hiki i 30 mau makahiki, no ka bea ka moʻolelo mai Colorado, i noho 39 mau makahiki. ʻO nā wahine, i ka wā ʻōpio, ua lōʻihi iki ko lākou ola - ʻo ka ʻokoʻa he 3-4 mau makahiki.
Make pinepine nā kāne i ke kau moʻo i ke kaua no ka wahine, a ʻo ka ʻimi holoholona no nā wahine ʻoi aku ka nui o ka palena ma mua o ke kī ʻana i nā kāne. I nā kūlana o nā zoo, hiki i nā grizzlies ke ola a 45 mau makahiki, akā ua lilo ko lākou mākau ma ke ʻano he poʻe ʻimi holoholona a me nā lawaiʻa, lilo ʻole i hiki ʻole ke pale iā lākou iho.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā kūlana kūlohelohe kahi i alakaʻi ai ke ola grizzly i ka makahiki 1957 i ka pono e lawe i ka holoholona ma lalo o ka pale, a ua hoʻokau ʻia lākou e noho kokoke i ka poʻe, hoʻouka i nā holoholona, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka hana i kahi manawa mahana, hiki i ke kāne ke pepehi i 700 mau hiʻohiʻona o nā bipi. holoholona holoholona
ʻAe ʻia nā pana pua o kēia ʻano i nā hihia kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka makaʻu i ka make ʻana i ke kanaka: ʻoiai inā komo ka holoholona i nā mahiʻai, hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka luku ʻia e kahi uku nui.
Ma waena o ka poʻe ʻōiwi o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo nā hakakā me nā grizzlies i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i manaʻo ʻia he leʻaleʻa nui loa: ʻo ka lanakila ʻana i ka holoholona e lawe i ka kaulana a me nā makana waiwai maikaʻi. Ma waena o nā India o ke kenekulia i hala, ua lilo kahi hakakā me kahi ʻōpio grizzly i mea e pono ai no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke ʻano makua no nā kāne ʻōpio.
Hiki i nā bea grizzly ke launa pū me nā kānaka inā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i ka huhū mai nā poʻe a ʻaʻole pono i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hānai ʻana i ka holoholona, inā ʻaʻole makemake ia i ka mālama, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka, a ʻo ka mea hahai holoholona hoʻi, ʻaʻohe manawa e ola ai me ka hoʻouka pololei ʻana mai kahi holoholona nui.
