ʻO Lakedra - iʻa mackerel kula o nā nui nui. Hana ʻia i ke kai e pili kokoke ana i ka Peninsula o Korea a me nā mokupuni o ka pae ʻāina Kepani. He ʻāpana nui ia o ka aquaculture Kepani a no laila kapa pinepine ʻia ia he lakedra Iāpana. Eia hou, he mau inoa lehulehu ʻē aʻe kona: yellowtail, lacedra melemele.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO Lakedra kahi iʻa pā-ʻai, iʻa pelagic. ʻO ke kaumaha o kēia predator hiki i 40 kg, lōʻihi a 1.5 m. Nui ke poʻo, kuhikuhi; ʻo kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 20% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino streamline. Ākea ka waha, hāliʻiliʻi i lalo. I ka hapa waena o ia mau mea he mau maka puni me kahi iris keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kino, ʻemi iki ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, hoʻomau i nā contour streamline o ke poʻo. Hāʻawi nā unahi liʻiliʻi i ka lachedra i ka sheen metallic light. ʻO ke kua o ka melemele kēpau-pouli, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo. ʻO kahi kaha melemele me nā ʻaoʻao blurred e holo ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, ma waena paha. Hoʻonui ia ma luna o ka caudal fin a hāʻawi iā ia i kahi hulu safari.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka fin dorsal. ʻO kāna mea, ʻāpana pōkole e loaʻa ana nā spines 5-6. Noho ka ʻāpana lōʻihi i ka hapa lua o ke kua i ka hiʻu. He 29-36 mau kukuna, e emi ana ke hoʻokokoke aku i ka huelo. ʻO ka fin fin he 3 spines mua, 2 o lākou i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili. I ka ʻāpana hope, aia he 17 a 22 mau kukuna.
Nā ʻano
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Lakedra i loko o ka mea kālaihonua ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Seriola quinqueradiata. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka genus Seriola a i ʻole Seriola, kapa ʻia kēia mau iʻa he mau huelo melemele. I nā puke Pelekane, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka inoa amberjack, a hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "amber pike" a i ʻole "amber tail". Hui pū me lacedra, hoʻohui ka genus i nā ʻano 9:
- Asian yellowtail a i ʻole Seriola aureovitta.
- ʻO ka melemele Ginean a i ʻole ʻo Seriola kamuta.
- Kaleponi amberjack a i ʻole Seriola dorsalis.
- ʻO ka amberjack nui a i ʻole Seriola dumerili.
- ʻO ka amberjack liʻiliʻi a i ʻole Seriola fasciata.
- Iʻa Samesona a i ʻole Seriola hippos Günther.
- ʻO Amberjack Hema a i ʻole Seriola lalandi Valenciennes
- ʻO Perutail yellowtail a i ʻole Seriola peruana Steindachner.
- ʻO Yellowtail a i ʻole Seriola zonata.
ʻO nā ʻano serioles āpau he predators, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā kai mehana o ka Honua Honua. Makemake ʻia nā lālā he nui o ka geneti Seriola e ka poʻe lawaiʻa leʻaleʻa, ʻaneʻane lawe ʻia lākou a pau i kahi kūʻai. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano lawaiʻa kuʻuna, ulu ʻia nā yellowtails ma nā mahi iʻa.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hānau ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pae, ma ke Kai Kina Hikina, neʻe aku nā manamana melemele i ka ʻākau i kahi o ka wai e pili kokoke ana i ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido. I keia apana Noho ʻo Lacedra nā makahiki 3-5 mua o kona ola.
Loaʻa i nā iʻa ke kaupaona kūpono a hele i ka hema e hoʻohua. I Malaki-ʻApelila, hiki i nā hui o ka lachedra huelo melemele ke loaʻa ma ke kihi hema o Honshu. Ma waho aʻe o ka neʻe ʻana mai nā wahi noho nui a i nā wahi hānau, hana pinepine ka lakedra i ka neʻe ʻana o ka meaʻai.
Aia ma kahi o nā pae kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o ka kaulahao meaʻai, hele pū nā mele melemele i nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi: nā heleuma Kepani, nā mackerels a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka poʻe, e neʻe ma hope o ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi: crustacean, plankton. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua iʻa ma ke ala, me nā huelo melemele.
ʻO kēia mea maikaʻi, mai kahi manaʻo nutritional, ke kaiāulu i kekahi manawa e make. ʻO ka iʻa kula e like me ka heleuma ka mea o ka huki hana ʻana. Ke hele nei e hoʻolako iā lākou iho me ka meaʻai, lakedra huelo melemele e hāhai i nā shoals o nā meaʻai hiki. A ʻo kahi hopena, lilo lākou i poʻe iʻa iʻa e mākaʻi ʻia i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Lacedra ka lawaiʻa kālepa a me nā hana leʻaleʻa
ʻO ka lawaiʻa kalepa ʻia no ka lactra yellowtail kahi i nā wahi kai. ʻO nā mea lawaiʻa ka mea nui o ka makau. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia nā moku lawaiʻa e like me nā longliners. Lawe ʻia ka lawaiʻa kai kalepa ma kahi liʻiliʻi, ʻaneʻane pau loa i ka hānai ʻia o ka Yellowtail i nā mahiʻai iʻa.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa haʻuki no ka lachedra huelo melemele kahi leʻaleʻa o nā lawaiʻa amateur ma ka Hikina Hikina. Ua ulu kēia alakaʻi o ka lawaiʻa Lūkia ma mua loa, mai ka makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia i hala. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa laki mua ua loaʻa lākou tuna. ʻO Lakedra kamaaina iki i ka poʻe makemake lawaiʻa home.
Akā ʻo ka lawaiʻa ʻana, nā ʻano ʻenehana a me nā maunu i haku ʻia ma aneane koke. I kēia manawa, nā poʻe lawaiʻa mai nā kūlanakauhale he nui o ka federation e hele mai nei i ka Lūkia Hikina Hikina e ʻike i ka leʻaleʻa o ka pāʻani lachedra. Hele kekahi i ka lawaiʻa i Kōlea a me Iāpana.
ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka hopu ʻana i ka melemele ka trolling. ʻO ia hoʻi, ka lawe ʻana i ka maunu ma ka moku wikiwiki. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i waapa inflatable a i ʻole he yach motika elite.
ʻO ka lachedra huelo melemele pinepine e kōkua iā lākou i nā lawaiʻa. Ke hoʻomaka nei e ʻimi no ka heleuma, hoʻopuni kahi hui melemele i ke kula iʻa. Hōʻiliʻili nā kūpuna i kahi hui mānoanoa a piʻi i luna. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "boiler".
ʻO nā limu e kāohi ana i ka ʻili kai e ʻākoakoa ma luna o ka ipu hao, e hoʻouka nei i ka pupu heleuma. ʻO nā lawaiʻa, alakaʻi ʻia e nā limu, hoʻokokoke i ka paila ma nā wai a hoʻomaka e lawaiʻa i ka melemele. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka ninini ʻana i nā wobblers a me nā lure casting a i ʻole trolling.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nā lawaiʻa ʻike hiki ke hopu ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa ma nā palena hema o ka nohona lakedra - ma kahakai o Korea. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pilker" no kēia. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia lepe oscillating no ka lawaiʻa kaulike e lawaiʻa ai i ka melemele he 10-20 a ʻo 30 kg ka lōʻihi. Hōʻoia kēia lachedra i ke kiʻii hana ʻia e ka angler laki.
ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻāpala o lachedra
He mea nui ka Yellowtails i ka papaʻai Iapana. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha nā kamaʻāina o nā mokupuni Kepani i lilo i poʻe paʻa i ka mahi ʻana o ka lachedra huelo melemele.
Ua hoʻomaka ia i ka makahiki 1927 ma ka moku Kepani ʻo Shikoku. Ma Kagawa Prefecture, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka wahi o ka wai he mau haneli mau mika kūlike me kahi pūnaewele. ʻO nā huelo melemele i hopu ʻia i ke kai ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka hale kai. I ka pae mua, he iʻa kēia o nā makahiki like ʻole a, no laila, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka iʻa-lacedra.
ʻAʻole kūleʻa ka ʻike mua. ʻO nā pilikia me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka hānai a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka wai iā lākou iho i manaʻo ai. Akā ʻo nā hoʻokolohua i ka ulu lachedra ʻaʻole i weliweli loa. Ua kūʻai aku ka pūʻulu mua o ka yellowtail mahiʻai i 1940. Ma hope o kēlā, ua ulu ka hana ʻana o lacedra i kahi wikiwiki. Piʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1995 i ka manawa i kau ʻia ai ka 170,000 mau tona o ka yellowtail lacedra ma ka mākeke iʻa kūwaho.
I ke kūlana o kēia manawa, ua hoʻemi iki ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka hana melemele i hānai ʻia. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ke kaulike kaulike ʻana o ka nui o nā huahana kai i ʻohiʻohi ʻia i ka nohona kūlohelohe a hānai ʻia i nā mahi iʻa. Ma waho o Iapana, ʻo Kōlea Hema kahi mea komo i ka mahi ʻana i ka lachedra. I Rūsia, ʻaʻole makemake nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka melemele ma muli o ke ʻano o ka wā paʻakikī.
ʻO ka pilikia nui i kupu aʻe i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ʻo ia nā kumuwaiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā larva. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilikia fry i ʻelua ala. Loaʻa iā lākou i ka incubation ʻimi hoʻopunipuni. I ke ʻano hana ʻelua, hopu ʻia ka fry o lacedra i ke ʻano. Hana nui nā ʻano hana ʻelua a ʻaʻole hilinaʻi loa.
Mai ke kai Kina Hema, ke kaʻa nei i nā mokupuni Kepani, holo ka mana Kuroshio o kēia manawa i nā lālā he nui. ʻO kēia kahawai e kiʻi i ka mea hou i kupu a ulu i 1.5 cm i ka lacedra. Ua ʻike nā ʻIchthyologists i nā wahi o ko lākou helehelena lehulehu. I ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻupena hei liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ke ala o ka yellowtail ʻōpio.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka lakedra ʻōpio kūpono no ka momona hou aʻe ua lilo i mea waiwai waiwai. Ma waho aʻe o ka poʻe lawaiʻa Kepani, ua hana ka poʻe Korea a me Vietnamese i kēia ʻoihana. Kūʻai ʻia nā ʻoki āpau i nā mahiʻai iʻa i Iapana.
ʻAʻole lawa nā ʻōpio i hopu ʻia, manuahi no ka hoʻouka piha ʻana i nā mahiʻai iʻa. No laila, ua haku ʻia ke ʻano hana o ka hana hoʻopunipuni o nā larvae melemele. He hana maʻalea, lahilahi kēia. Ke hoʻomaka nei me ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka mālama ʻana o kahi iʻa hānau o nā iʻa, e pau me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kahua forage no ka pā pua huʻi melemele.
I hoʻokahi a me ka pūʻulu like o nā holoholona ʻōpio aia kekahi o nā nui like ʻole a me ke ola. I hōʻalo ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kikoʻī ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoa nāwaliwali, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pā. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka nui e ʻae pū i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā bipi ma ke ʻano he nui.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpio o ka nui like i loko o nā hīnaʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia i lalo. I ka wā ulu, hoʻolako ʻia ka lakedra me ka meaʻai e pili ana i nā mea kai maoli: rotifers, nauplii shrimps. Artemia. Hoʻonui ka meaʻai o ka ʻōpio me nā momona momona momona, nā wikamina, nā meaola a me nā lāʻau i hoʻohui ʻia.
Ke ulu a ʻōpio, hoʻohuli ʻia lākou i nā ipu nui. I ka maikaʻi o nā cages ea submerged i hōʻike iā lākou iho i ke ala ʻoi loa. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huelo melemele kiʻekiʻe ma ka pae hope loa, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā pā mesh me ka nui o 50 * 50 * 50 m. Hoʻololi pū ʻia ka ʻike o ka hānai iʻa i ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa.
ʻO ke kaupaona ʻana o ka iʻa he 2-5 kg i manaʻo ʻia ua hōʻea i ka nui mākeke. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Lakedra o kēia pae kaupaona he hamachi ma Iapana. Kūʻai ʻia aku ia, anuanu, hāʻawi ʻia i nā hale ʻāina, a hoʻolilo ʻia i ka hau.
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā loaʻa kālā, ulu pinepine ʻia ka lakedra i ke kaumaha o 8 kg a ʻoi paha. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ʻano iʻa e hana i ka meaʻai kēpau a me nā huahana semi-hoʻopau. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kaupaona o ka lachedra mahi ʻia e nā koi mākeke, akā hilinaʻi ʻia nō hoʻi i nā kūlana anilā. ʻO ka mehana o ka wai, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā iʻa mahiʻai i nā mea kūʻai aku e ola nei. Akā ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka melemele. Ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana aku i ka mea kūʻai, pepehi ʻia a exsanguine ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka. A laila kau i loko o kahi pahu me ka hau.
ʻO ka noi no ka iʻa i ke aniani hou loa i hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ipu kūikawā no ka hōʻike ākea a me ka lawe ʻana i ka iʻa. Akā pili kēia ʻenehana i kēia manawa no nā mea kūʻai aku VIP wale nō.
Meaʻai kūpono
I ko lākou kūlohelohe, nā huelo melemele, ke hānau ʻia lākou, hoʻomaka e ʻai i nā crustacea microscopic, nā mea āpau e lawe i ka inoa nui plankton. Ke ulu ʻoe, hoʻonui ka nui o nā trophies. He kulekele meaʻai maʻalahi kā Yellowtail Lacedra: pono ʻoe e hopu a ale i nā mea āpau e neʻe a pili i ka nui.
Hele pū ʻo Lakedra me nā pūʻā kau, mackerel, iʻa heleuma. Akā ke ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i waiwai pio i nā mea ʻaihue nui ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili nui ʻia ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki.
ʻO nā Yellowtails a me nā mackerel lio ʻē aʻe i nā wā a pau o ke ola i lilo i māka o ka lawaiʻa kalepa. Ua lawe ʻo Lakedra i kona wahi kūpono i ka papa kuhikuhi o nā ipu iʻa Hikina a me ʻEulopa. ʻO ka poʻe Kepanī ka mea poʻokela i ka kuke ʻana i ka melemele.
ʻO ka mea kaulana kaulana loa ka hamachi teriyaki, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka lakedra palai. Aia ka mea huna ʻono āpau i ka marinade, kahi o ka dashi broth, mirin (waina momona), soy sauce a me sake.
Hoʻohui pū ʻia. ʻO ka hopena marinade he ʻelemakule no 20-30 mau minuke ʻiʻo lachedra... A laila palai ʻia. E like me nā mea ʻono: ʻōniʻomaʻo, ka pepa, kālika, ka mea kanu a me nā aila holoholona. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau mea āpau i ka lakedra, a i ʻole, e like me ka kapa ʻana o ka Kepanī iā ia he hamachi, a lawelawe ʻia ke pau.
He kumu maikaʻi ʻo Lakedra ʻaʻole wale no nā ipu Kepani a me nā ʻaoʻao hikina. Hana ia i nā mea ʻono maikaʻi o kahi hoʻonohonoho Europa holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaʻomaʻa ʻia i moa, i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka umu - he nui nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka pasta Italia me nā lachedra chunks hiki ke lilo i ʻāpana o ka papaʻai Mediterranean.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
No ka lawaiʻa ʻana, hele mai nā iʻa i ka hopena hema o ko lākou pae: nā kapakai o Kōlea, nā mokupuni ʻo Shikoku, Kyushu. ʻO nā wahine a me nā kāne he 3-5 mau makahiki i ka manawa o ka hānau mua. ʻO ke koena i loko o 200 m mai ke kahakai, ua hānau pololei nā wahine huelo melemele i loko o ke kolamu wai, ke ʻano he pelagic spawning. Hana nā kāne kokoke o ka lakedra i kā lākou: hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka waiū.
ʻO Lacedra caviar liʻiliʻi, ma lalo o 1 mm ke anawaena, akā nui ka nui. Hoʻokumu hoʻokahi wahine melemele i nā hua he ʻumi a kaukani mau hua, a ʻo ka nui o ia mau mea e momona. ʻO ka hopena hope o nā embryos o ka lachedra melemele e pili ana i ka manawa wale. Pau ka hapa nui o nā hua, ʻai ʻia, i kekahi manawa e ka lachedra like. Lōʻihi ka hoʻopili ʻana a lawa i 4 mau mahina.
E hānai i ke kīʻaha o ka yellowtail lacedra hānai ma nā microorganism. Kāhea ka Kepanī i ka fry 4-5 mm i ka nui e like me ka mojako. Ke hoʻāʻo nei e ola, pili lākou i nā kahakai kahakai me ka nui o nā cladophores, sargas, kelp a me nā limu ʻē aʻe. I ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi nui o 1-2 cm, noho mālie ka lachedra ʻōpio ma lalo o ka pale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAe wale lākou i ka plankton microscopic wale nō, akā i nā hua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, nā crustacea liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke kaumaha o nā iʻa ma mua o 50 g, akā ʻaʻole i hiki i 5 kg nui, kāhea ka Kepanī i ka hamachi. Kāhea ka poʻe kamaʻāina o nā mokupuni i nā huelo melemele, ʻoi aku i ka 5 kg māka, nā ʻino (buri). Ua hōʻea i ka pae khomachi, hoʻomaka nā lakedras e predate piha. Ke ulu nei, me nā ʻauwai a lākou e heʻe ai i nā palena ʻākau o ke kaha.
Kumukūʻai
ʻO Lakedra — ʻono he iʻa. Loaʻa ia ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahi ʻana ma nā mahi iʻa. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai nui no ka lakedra melemele i lawe ʻia mai ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 200 rubles. no kg. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai kūʻai: ma kahi o 300 rubles. no kg o lakedra paʻahau.
