Moray - kahi genus o ka iʻa nui, carnivorous me kahi kino serpentine. Noho mau nā ʻelala Moray o ke Kaiwaenahonua, i loaʻa i loko o nā kai mehana a pau, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wai ākea a me nā wai pōhaku. Kūleʻa lākou. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o ka puhi ʻohe e hoʻouka nei i nā mea like me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kinona o ke kino, ke ʻano o ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka helehelena hoʻoweliweli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka puhi ʻohe. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala i nā iʻa maʻamau i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā peʻa - kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā neʻe o ka neʻe. Hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻelala Moray i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa: makemake lākou i nā kakaka wavy o ke kino e hoʻolele i nā lola.
Moray — he iʻa ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi. Pili ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka eel moray me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka vertebrae, ʻaʻole me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia o kēlā me kēia vertebra. Hoʻohui ʻia nā vertebrae hou ma waena o nā wahi mua caudal a me caudal o ka iwi kuamoʻo.
ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o kahi kanaka makua e pili ana i 1 m, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 20 kg. Aia kekahi mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 0.6 m ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻaʻole ma mua o 10 kg. Aia nā iʻa nui nui: hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi, i ulu i ka nui o 50 kg.
Hoʻomaka ke kino o kahi puhi make me kahi poʻo nui. Māhele ʻia ka ihu elongated e ka waha ākea. ʻO nā kini ʻoi, ʻoi loa ma ka lālani hoʻokahi, kikoʻī i nā ā luna o lalo a me lalo. ʻO ka hopu ʻana, ka paʻa ʻana, ka huki ʻana i kahi ʻiʻo ka hana o ka niho ʻelala.
ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kā lākou mea hana maxillofacial, ua loaʻa i nā ʻelala moray kahi hiʻohiʻona anatomical, i kapa ʻia e nā ʻepekema "pharyngognathia". ʻO kēia kahi āwae ʻē aʻe i loko o ka pharynx. Ke hopu nei i ka pio, neʻe ka iwi ā pharyngeal i mua.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kiʻi i nā niho e kau ʻia ma nā iwi ā o ka iʻa. A laila ka pharyngeal iwi ā kāwi pū me ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, neʻe i kona kūlana mua. Aia ka mea pio i loko o ka pharynx, hoʻomaka i kāna neʻe ʻana ma ka esophagus. Hoʻopili nā kānaka ʻepekema i ke ʻano o ka iwi ā pharyngeal me kahi hana ale ʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā puhi moray.
Ma luna o ka iwi ā luna, ma mua o ka ihu, he mau maka liʻiliʻi. ʻAe lākou i ka iʻa e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mālamalama, ke aka, nā mea neʻe, akā ʻaʻole hāʻawi i kahi kiʻi maopopo o ka wahi e puni ana. ʻO ia, ʻike ka hihi i kahi kuleana kākoʻo.
E aʻo ʻo Moray eel e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka mea pio e ka pilau. Aia nā maka ihu o ka iʻa i mua o nā maka, kokoke i ka hopena o ka ihu. ʻEhā mau lua, ʻaʻohe hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻelua o lākou, hōʻailona ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua i ke ʻano o nā paipu. Hiki i nā mole mole i nā hunaola receptor ma o nā puka ihu ma o nā kahawai o loko. Mai iā lākou, hele ka ʻike i ka lolo.
ʻIke ʻia nā pūnaewele receptor ʻaʻole wale ma ka waha, akā hoʻopuehu ʻia i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Malia paha ʻo ka ʻono o ke ʻono me ke kino holoʻokoʻa e kōkua ai i nā puhi ʻohe e noho ana i nā grottoes, nā kahawai, nā ana ʻūlū o ka wai e ʻike a hoʻomaopopo i nā mea e hana nei a puni iā ia, me ia a me kāna mea e pili ana.
Hele pulu ke poʻo o ka mole i loko o ke kino. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia hoʻololi ʻana, e pili pū ana me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā uhi kaʻe. ʻO ka iʻa maʻamau, e hāʻawi i ke kahe i loko o nā gills, hopu i ka wai me ko lākou waha, hoʻokuʻu i loko o nā uhi kaʻe. Komo a puka i waho nā wai e puhi ʻia i loko o ka gills ma o ka waha. ʻO ia ke kumu e hāmama mau ai me lākou.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka o ka dorsal, dorsal fin e hui pū me ka hopena o ke poʻo a hoʻololi i ke kino. Hoʻonui ʻia ka fin i ka hiʻu loa. I kekahi mau laha, ʻike ʻia ia a hāʻawi i ka iʻa i ka like me ka lipine, i kekahi ua nāwaliwali ka hōʻike ʻana, ʻo ia mau ʻaʻa moray e like me nā nahesa.
ʻO ka fin caudal kahi hoʻonui kūlohelohe o ka palahalaha hopena o ke kino. ʻAʻole hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ka fin dorsal a ʻaʻohe ona lobes. ʻO kāna kuleana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa he akahai; no laila, ʻuʻuku ka fin.
ʻAʻohe i nā iʻa e pili ana i ke kaʻina o nā puhi ʻēhe pelvic fins, a nui ʻole nā ʻano i nele i nā ʻiʻo pectoral. ʻO ka hopena, ua loaʻa i ka hui o nā puhi, ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Anguilliformes, ka inoa ʻelua ʻo Apodes, ʻo ia hoʻi "legless".
I ka iʻa maʻamau, ke neʻe, kūlou ke kino, akā iki wale nō. Hāʻule ka swing ikaika loa ma ka fin tail. I nā puhi puhi a me nā puhi ʻohe, e hoʻopili ana ke kino i kona lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa me ka amplitude like.
Ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana, neʻe aku nā ʻelala nunay i ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe i kēia ala, akā hoʻopau ka ikehu i ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻEmi ʻo Moray i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka prowl meaʻai ma waena o nā pōhaku a me nā ʻākako. I kēlā ʻano kaiapuni, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka hana wikiwiki.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka like me ka nahesa e ka nele o ka unahi. Uhi ʻia ka puhi ʻōnika me ka lubricant. ʻOkoʻa loa ke kala. Moray puhi i ke kiʻi ʻike pinepine ʻia i kahi lole hoʻoliʻiliʻi, i nā kai tropical e hiki i nā ʻano kala like ʻole ke lilo i ʻano huna.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka genus eel genus kahi o ka ʻohana Muraenidae, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā puhi ʻohe. Loaʻa iā ia he 15 mau genera hou a ma kahi o 200 mau ʻano iʻa. ʻO 10 wale nō e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he puhi ʻohe pēlā.
- Muraena appendiculata - Noho i nā wai Pākīpika ma kahakai o Chile.
- ʻO Muraena argus kahi ʻano laha. Loaʻa ma kahi o Galapagos, ke kahakai o Mekiko, Peru.
- Muraena augusti - loaʻa i ka Moana ʻAkelanika, i loko o nā wai e pili kokoke ana iā ʻApelika ʻĀkau a me nā kapakai hema o ʻEulopa. ʻOkoʻa i ke kala ʻokoʻa: nā kiko mālamalama liʻiliʻi ma kahi kāʻei ʻeleʻele-poni.
- Muraena clepsydra - uhi ka wahi i ka wai kai o Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia.
- Muraena helena - Ma waho o ke kai Mediterranean, loaʻa ia ma ka hikina o ka ʻAkelanika. ʻIke ʻia e nā inoa: Kaiākea, ʻEulopa moray puhi. Ma muli o kona laulā, ʻike nui ʻia ia i nā scuba divers a me ichthyologists.
- Muraena lentiginosa - i mea hoʻohui i kona ʻōiwi, ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika, ʻike ʻia i loko o nā aquarium o ka home, ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi a me ke kala kupaianaha.
- Muraena melanotis - kēia puhi ʻaihue ma ka Moana Atelanika, ma ke komohana a me ka hapa hikina o ia.
- Muraena pavonina - ʻike ʻia ʻo ka spun moray spotted. ʻO kona wahi noho ka wai mehana o ka ʻAkelanika.
- Muraena retifera is a net moray eel. Ma loko o kēia ʻano i loaʻa ai ka iwi ā pharyngeal.
- ʻO Muraena robusta - noho i ka ʻAkelanika, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao equatorial hikina o ka moana.
Ke wehewehe nei i nā ʻano o ka puhi ehe, kamaʻilio pinepine mākou e pili ana i kahi puhi ʻelima nunui. Pili kēia iʻa i ke genus Gymnothorax, inoa ʻōnaehana: Gymnothorax. Aia he 120 mau laha i kēia ʻano. ʻO lākou āpau e like ka nui me ka iʻa e pili ana i ka genus eel, ka inoa ʻepekema o ka genus ʻo Muraena. ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha, no nā ʻohana hoʻokahi nā morel eel a me nā hymnothorax. Nui nā hīmeni i loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo "moray" i ko lākou inoa maʻamau. ʻO kahi laʻana: ʻōmaʻomaʻo, turkey, wai hou a me nā puhi ʻohe nunui.
Kaulana ka tuna moray nunui ma muli o ka nui a me ke kolohe. He inoa ko kēia iʻa e hōʻike pono ana i ka genus - ʻO Java Gymnothorax, ma ka ʻōlelo Latina: Gymnothorax javanicus.
Ma waho aʻe o ka Gymnothorax, aia kekahi ʻano hou i haʻi pinepine ʻia i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā puhi ʻohe - he megaders kēia. Ma waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa loa lākou mai nā puhi ʻohe maoli. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui he mau niho ikaika me ka echidna Moray eel wili pūpū o mollusks, kā lākou meaʻai nui. Loaʻa nā inoa like o ka inoa megadera: echidna a me echidna moray eels. ʻAʻole lehulehu ka genus: he 11 wale nō.
- Echidna amblyodon - noho i ka moku o ka pae ʻāina ʻInidonesia. Wahi a kona wahi noho, loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo Sulawesian moray eel.
- Echidna catenata is a chain moray eel. Loaʻa ia i ke kai, nā kai insular o ke komohana ʻAkelanika. Kaulana me nā aquarist.
- Echidna delicatula. ʻO kekahi inoa o kēia iʻa ka iʻa echidna moray maikaʻi. Noho ia i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa e kokoke ana iā Sri Lanka, Samoa, a me nā mokupuni hema o Iāpana.
- ʻO Echidna leucotaenia kahi puhi ʻohe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Noho i nā wai pāpaʻu ma waho o ka Pae ʻAina, Tuamotu, Johnston.
- Echidna nebulosa. ʻO kona pae ʻo Micronesia, ke kapakai hikina o ʻApelika, Hawaii. ʻIke ʻia kēia iʻa i loko o nā aquarium. ʻO nā inoa maʻamau he snowflake moray, hōkū a hōkū hōkū paha.
- ʻO Echidna nocturna - ua koho ka iʻa i ke awāwa ʻo Kaleponi, nā wai kai o Peru, Galapagos no ko lākou ola.
- Echidna peli - ʻike ʻia ʻo pebble moray eel. Noho ma ka Hikina ʻAkelanika.
- Echidna polyzona - ka puhi ʻana a i ʻole ka leopadi moray eel, zelela eel. Loaʻa nā inoa āpau no kahi kala ʻokoʻa. ʻO kona wahi kai ke Kaiʻula, nā mokupuni e moe ana ma waena o East Africa a me ka Great Barrier Reef, Hawaii.
- ʻO Echidna rhodochilus - ʻIke ʻia e like me ka puhi morel limo momona. Nā ola kokoke i India a me nā Philippines.
- ʻO Echidna unicolor kahi puhi ʻohe monochromatic moray, i loaʻa ma waena o nā pākā kōhako Pākīpika.
- ʻO Echidna xanthospilos - ua akamai i ka wai kahakai o nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia a me Papua New Guinea.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ka hapa nui o nā puhi ʻohe i ka wai paʻakai. Mīkini kai alakaʻi i kahi ola kokoke-lalo. I loko o ka lā, aia ia i loko o kahi puʻuhonua - he koʻa a i ʻole ka ʻalā pōhaku, niche, lua. Hūnā ke kino holoʻokoʻa, hōʻike ʻia ke poʻo i waho me ka waha hāmama.
Lulu mau ʻo Moray eel i kona poʻo i kahi mokulele pae. ʻO kēia kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā hana ʻelua: kahi nānā o ka ʻāina e hoʻopuni ana a hāʻawi ʻia kahi kahe mau o ka wai ma o ka waha. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻaʻaole Moray ʻaʻohe ona uhi uhi. Hele mai ka wai i nā gili a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka waha.
ʻO nā iʻa Moray he iʻa wai pāpaʻu. ʻO ka hohonu o ka hohonu e ʻike ʻia ai kēia iʻa ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 m. ʻO ka makemake ʻole e hele i kahi hohonu e kumu ʻia e ke aloha o ka mehana. ʻO ka mahana o ka wai i makemake ʻia ʻo 22 - 27 ° C. Nā mokupuni, nā pali, nā papa pōhaku pāpaʻu ma nā kai pāhū a me nā kai subtropical - ke kumu o nā puhi ehe.
ʻO ka ʻike o ka puhi ʻohe i loko o ka aquarium
ʻO nā aquarist mua e mālama i nā puhi moray ʻo nā Roma kahiko. I loko o nā waihona pōhaku - vivariums - ua hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā puhi ʻohe. Ua hānai mākou iā lākou. Loaʻa iā mākou ka manawa kūpono e ʻono hou ai puhi ʻaihue... ʻAʻole kāpae ka poʻe mōʻaukala i nā kauā i hana maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana a i ʻole mahalo ʻole i ka mea nona ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia i nā puhi ʻohe e ʻai ʻia.
Mālama wale nā aquarist o kēia lā i nā ʻelemakule moray no nā hana hoʻonaninani a me nā kiʻi. I nā puhi moray, ʻumeʻume ʻia lākou, ʻo ka mea mua, e nā helehelena a me nā makaʻu ʻole, pinepine pinepine ʻia, e puka mai ana mai nā puhi ʻohe. Hoʻohui, kūpale nā puhi pahiolo i nā maʻi, kūpono ʻole i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka iʻa aquarium maʻamau ka echidna star moray eel, ka ʻepekema inoa: Echidna nebulosa, a me ka eel moray huelo gula, a i ʻole ʻo ka puhi kākela gula a ʻo Gymnothoraxiliaris. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou kumukūʻai ma muli o kā lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau puhi ʻohe momona he wai hou. Akā hoʻohālikelike kēia i ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka iʻa i ka wai o nā ʻano salinity like ʻole. ʻIke maikaʻi loa nā puhi ʻōpala ʻo Moray i nā aquarium e kope i ke ʻano o ka lewa.
ʻAiʻai Pono
Moʻo mōlina hoʻohana hoʻohana wale i ka protein protein. Ke nānā aku nei nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā puhi pahi i kekahi ʻano kikoʻī. Makemake ka hapanui i ke ola kai-ʻole kai. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:
- iʻa i ale wale ʻia;
- ʻAi ʻia nā heʻe, nā puhi ʻala, i nā ʻāpana, e huki ana i nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo;
- ʻoki ʻo cuttlefish, moray eel iā lākou me ke ʻano kolohe ʻole e like me ka heʻe.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻaʻa moray he durophages, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā holoholona e hānai i nā meaola i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka pūpū. Hoʻopili kēlā pēpē pēpē i nā pāpaʻi, ʻōpae, a me nā molluscs.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ma kahi o ka makahiki 3, hoʻomaka nā ʻelala moray e mālama i kā lākou keiki. Manaʻo ʻia he kāne a he wahine nā mea hānau hānau o nā puhi palaoa. Eia nō naʻe, ua pālua ʻia ke kaʻina hānau: ua hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau puhi ʻelua me kekahi. Kū kēlā ʻano hui i ka piko o ke kauwela, ke mahana ka wai a hiki i ka hiki.
Hoʻokahi kekahi o nā puhi e hana i ka caviar, hana kekahi i ka waiū. Hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa ʻia nā mea ʻelua i loko o ka wai, kāwili ʻia, a momona ka hapa nui o nā hua. ʻO ia, he pelagic ke kaʻina hana - i loko o ke kolamu wai.
Eia hou, waiho ʻia nā hua iā lākou iho. Ma hope o 1-2 mau wiki, hānau ka larvae. Ma mua o ka palai ʻana, nā puhi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e heʻe ana ka ʻenela no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka papa o ka wai. I kēia wā o ke ola, ʻai ka larva i ka detritus i kāwele ʻia i ka wai - nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o ke kumu olaola.
Ke ulu nei lākou, neʻe nā larvae i plankton. Eia hou, hoʻonui ka nui o nā meaʻai. Hoʻomaka nā ʻōpio moray ʻōpio e ʻimi i kahi puʻuhonua, neʻe i ka nohona o kahi iʻa ʻaihue ʻāina. Hoʻolālā nā ʻelala Moray he 10 mau makahiki o ko lākou ola i ana ʻia e ke kūlohelohe i ko lākou home, e hele ana no ka hopu holoholona a me ka hānau ʻana.
Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka hana hānau o nā puhi ehe. No laila, he waiwai kūikawā ia e kiʻi ai i nā ʻelona moray i loko o kahi kaiapuni. No ka manawa mua i loko o kahi aquarium hiki ke kiʻi i nā keiki o nā puhi ʻohe ma 2014. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma ʻAukekulia, ma ka Zoo Schönbrunn. Ua hana kēia i kahi ʻano i ka honua ichthyological.
Kumukūʻai
Hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā ʻelala Moray no nā kumu ʻelua: ma ke ʻano he meaʻai a me kahi iʻa hoʻonaninani - kahi kamaʻāina o ka aquarium. I nā hale kūʻai iʻa kūloko, ʻaʻole kūʻai ʻia nā puhi ʻalae he mea hou, paʻahau a puhi ʻia paha. Ma ke Kaiwaenahonua a me nā ʻāina Hema Hema, hiki ke loaʻa nā puhi ʻohe e like me ka meaʻai.
ʻAʻohe ʻai pinepine nā mea aloha Lūkini i nā puhi ʻohe, akā mālama iā lākou i nā aquarium. ʻO kekahi ʻano, ʻo kahi laʻana, Gymnothorax tile, hiki ke noho i loko o ka wai hou no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau no ke ola ʻana o nā puhi make i loko o kahi aquarium kai.
ʻO ke ʻano kaulana loa ka echidna star moray eel. ʻO kāna kumu kūʻai he 2300-2500 rubles. no kope. No ka leopadi echidna moray eel nīnau lākou iā 6500-7000 rubles. Aia kekahi mau ʻano pipiʻi hou aku. Pono ke kumukūʻai e ʻike i kahi ʻāpana o ke kai tropical i ka home.
Ma mua o ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me nā puhi ʻohe, kū pinepine ka nīnau: ʻawaʻawa ʻo moray ʻaʻohe paha... Ke hiki mai kahi nahu, ʻaʻole ka pane. Ke hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā puhi ʻohe no ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e ʻike i ke kumu.
ʻAi pinepine nā ʻelemakule moray e noho ana i ka tropic i nā iʻa ʻawahia, hōʻiliʻili i kā lākou mea make i loko o ko lākou ake a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No laila, hiki ke ʻai pono ʻia nā puhi ʻohe kai Mediterranean, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻole ʻana mai nā iʻa i hopu ʻia i ka Caribbean.
