Pālolo - he lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana grouse, a eia hoʻi, kākaʻikahi loa. Minamina, ka nui o kēlā me kēia manu o kēia manu nani e hoʻoheheʻe ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki i mua o kā mākou maka. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike ʻia kēia manu e ke kala o ka nani lua ʻole.
E noʻonoʻo i kahi moa liʻiliʻi, keʻokeʻo piha i ke kala, me nā maka ʻeleʻele a me ka nuku ʻeleʻele. A inā ʻaʻole no nā hulu ʻeleʻele ʻelua, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike iā ia e kūʻē i ke kumu o ka hau i ka hoʻoilo. Akā ʻaʻole kēia he pilikia no ka ʻāpana. Ua hoʻololi lōʻihi ʻo ia e noho i ka hau i kahi ala e hūnā loa ai i nā plumage e kū i ka hau.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka hoʻoilo e ʻaahu i ka lole kala like - keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ko lākou nui a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele heluhelu maikaʻi kokoke i nā maka. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke nānā aku o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine.
Akā me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, hoʻololi koke nā mea āpau. ʻO Ptarmigan ka kiʻi He manu kamahaʻo loa ia. Ua pani ʻia kona ʻaʻahu keʻokeʻo e terracotta, brown, hina a me nā kala melemele. Hoʻopili kupaianaha lākou āpau me kekahi.
A i loko wale nō o kahi wā pōkole pōkole, i ka hopena, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā partridges e ka moekolohe, ʻaʻole ma muli wale nō o ka nui, akā me ke kala. ʻAʻole like me kāna ipo wahine, ʻo ke kāne i kēia manawa ke ʻaʻahu huluhulu keʻokeʻo like, me ka hoʻololi wale ʻana i ka plumage ma kona poʻo. I kēia manawa ua kala ʻia a kū nani me ke koena o ke kino.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka loli ʻana o ke kiʻi o kēia manu i kahi manawa mau. Loaʻa i kekahi i ka manaʻo ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke kala o kona hulu i kēlā me kēia lā. Loaʻa kēia i nā molts pinepine.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā Partridges e ko lākou leo leʻaleʻa melodic. Akā, wahine wale nō. No kā lākou mau hoa male, a laila like nā mea āpau me ka poʻe. Hoʻokele kēia mau manu kāne, me ko lākou kino liʻliʻi, e hoʻopuka i nā kahakaha hohonu hohonu e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻoweliweli i kekahi poʻe wiwo ʻole.
E hoʻolohe i ka au hānau o ka ptarmigan
Nā ʻano
ʻO Ptarmigan, ma ke ʻano he genus, he ʻekolu mau ʻano: keʻokeʻo, tundra a me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Pālolo... Kūleʻa ia i ka mea i hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia i kā mākou tundra, Sakhalin, Kamchatka a me ʻAmelika Hema. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa pū kekahi ma ka ʻāina Greenland a me UK.
Nui nā ʻūpā nunui kēia ʻano, ʻoiai lākou e fluffy loa. Kōkua kēia i ka ptarmigan e hilinaʻi loa a hilinaʻi hoʻi i nā wahi hau. Hiki iā ia ke neʻe me ka maʻalahi. A ʻaʻohe anuanu, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ala i huakaʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia iā ia.
Kaulana kēia ʻano no kona hiki ke wikiwiki a hana hohonu i nā ana-labyrinths i ka hau e ʻimi nei i kahi ʻaina awakea kūpono. ʻO nā mea āpau e hiki ke loaʻa ma lalo o ka hau e kūpono ma aneʻi: ka mauʻu maloʻo, nā hua, nā pua. E ʻano like ʻole kēia papa kuhikuhi kau, a i ka hoʻoilo e lilo ia i ka papa kuʻuna maʻamau o ka makahiki.
Tundra pālua... I ka helehelena, he kakaikahi loa kēia ʻokoʻa mai ka mea ma mua. ʻO kahi nuance liʻiliʻi - kahi ʻeleʻele i kokoke i nā maka, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa āpau. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻane like ka like o ke kala me ko ka ʻohana keʻokeʻo.
Kēia ʻanoʻano ptarmigan makemake ʻo ia e hōʻiliʻili i loko o nā hui liʻiliʻi-hipa a alakaʻi i kahi ola paʻa a nomadic. Makemake ʻo ia e kau ma ka pali pōhaku, kahi e nui ai nā ʻano nāhelehele āpau.
Kuhi ʻia kēia mau wahi manu i kahi e ʻae ʻia no ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki. No ka hanauna hou, hoʻonohonoho nā mākua mālama i nā pūnana ʻoluʻolu ma aneʻi. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kūpono, ʻeli mua lākou i kahi lua, a laila uhi i kona lalo me nā lau a me nā lālā.
Ua lilo ka tundra partridge i kaulana no kona hiki kupaianaha ke ola, kahi i mahalo nui ʻia i waena o ka poʻe Kepanī. Ua hana lākou ia mea i hōʻailona ma kekahi o nā prefecture o Honshu!
Akā ma Iceland, mahalo ʻia kēia manu no kekahi kumu ʻokoʻa. Makemake nā kamaʻāina i kona ʻono. A ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka laha o kēia mau ʻāpana palaka ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia, ʻaʻole paʻa nā Icelanders i ka pana manu ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia wale nō ia ma kahi manawa kikoʻī - ma ʻOkakopa a me Nowemapa, ma Pōʻalima, Pōʻalima a me Sābati. No laila ʻo ia nō.
ʻAʻole like me ka keʻokeʻo, hiki i ka tundra partridge ke koho i ke awāwa a me nā puʻu e like me kona wahi noho. A hāʻawi lākou i ka makemake i ka ʻāina e hāʻawi i nā meaʻai like ʻole. Me kahi hui kūleʻa o nā kūlana, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i loko o kā mākou ulu lāʻau birch.
Paukā huelo keʻokeʻo... ʻO kēia ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano ʻekolu. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. I ka hoʻoilo, he keʻokeʻo maoli nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano, maʻemaʻe ke kala. ʻO kā lākou huelo keʻokeʻo. Akā i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻokoʻa iki kā lākou lole mai nā ʻohana.
Akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kēia ʻāpana a me nā mea i helu ʻia ma luna, he manu kuahiwi maoli kēlā. ʻAʻole hiki ke hālāwai me ia ma ka pā. Eia kekahi, inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike iā ia a i ʻole lawe iā ʻoe iho i kahi selfie kakaʻikahi me ia, pono ʻoe e lanakila i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4 km!
Hōʻole kēia manu e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ola ma lalo. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, mai kahi kiʻekiʻe wale nō e hoʻomaka ai kēlā anuanu, kahi kūpono o ke ʻano kūpono no ka huelo keʻokeʻo. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he mea nui e lawa ka akahai o nā pali a maʻalahi hoʻi e neʻe.
A ʻo ka lau nahele he mauʻu haʻahaʻa a me nā kumulāʻau sparse undersized. ʻO nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e kāpae i ka mauʻu ulu nui a me nā kumu lāʻau nui. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia ʻano. A ma ka laulā, he liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻikepili ma ka huehue keʻokeʻo. Akā he kūlana paʻa kona - he hōʻailona o Alaska.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻĀ, ua noʻonoʻo ʻino paha mākou i ke kaiapuni kahi kahi e laki ai, hiki iā mākou ke hui pū me kēia mau mea kupaianaha. Makemake lākou i nā ʻāpana ʻoluʻolu o ka ʻākau. Ua hōʻike kēia manu i kahi e hiki ai ke ola i waena o nā hau mau loa.
Nā papu anuanu, nā puʻu akahai ʻole a me nā pali mauna. Nā mea kanu maikaʻi ʻole, ka nui o ka uhi o ka hau - eia nā kūlana ola punahele a me nā hele wikiwiki ʻana no ka White Partridge. A inā he paʻakikī loa ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka neʻe ʻana o nā manu i ka hema ke hiki.
Maliʻa paha pili i ka kikoʻī, ka neʻe honua o kēia mau mea ola. ʻĀ, ʻae, ʻaʻole makemake iki kēia ʻāpana e neʻe i ka lewa. Inā hana ʻo ia iā ia, a laila ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ma kahi mamao aku.
ʻOiai mai ka makaʻu, makemake kēia mau ʻāpana pale ʻaʻole e lele, akā e holo a pakū paha. Me ka lana o ka manaʻo e hui pū lākou me ka uhi o ka honua a ʻaʻole e ʻike wale ka ʻenemi iā lākou. Eia hou, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo iki kēia manu, akā hāmau. Hoʻonui kēia i nā manawa o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā mea ʻino.
ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe hiʻona o ptarmigan ʻo ko lākou hiki ke neʻe i kahi kūlana weliweli e like me ka neʻe lohi, e hana ana i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu i kēlā me kēia minuke. A ʻo ka lele ʻana, ma kahi hihia, hiki i kēia manu ke hele a wikiwiki loa.
ʻO ka hiki ke ola i nā kūlana paʻakikī kōkua ʻia e ka ʻoiai i ka wā hoʻoilo ka ptarmigan e hana i nā hipa nui. I loko o kahi kime, kākoʻo lākou i kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i nā foray hui i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a mehana me ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi pōʻai kokoke.
Ke komo i loko ka pōloli maoli, hoʻopuehu ka ʻohana i kahi ʻano i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nui ai ka ʻāina o kēlā me kēia kanaka e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Kōkua ʻia lākou ʻaʻole e paʻa e ko lākou hiki kamahaʻo e peʻe i ka hau me ka wikiwiki, i loko o kekona kekona, ke kūkulu ʻana i kekahi ʻano ana ma kahi hohonu o 30 kenimika.
Ma ke ʻano nui, ʻaʻole holoholo nui kēia mau manu, makemake i ko lākou ʻāina hānau. Pilikia loa lākou i kā lākou pūnana. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka monogamy i haʻi ʻia i ka pilina o nā kāne. Hiki i kekahi mau wahine i hoʻokahi wahi i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā koho ke kāne i hoʻokahi wale nō.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO kā mākou manu, e like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, he ʻano kona. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli loa nā paʻakikī iā ia. ʻO ia ke kumu no ka paʻakikī o ka papaʻai, maʻalahi a akahai. ʻOi loa i ka hoʻoilo. Me ka paʻakikī nui e pono ai ʻoe e kiʻi i nā ʻōpuʻu hau, ka mauʻu, nā lālā liʻiliʻi, nā birch a me nā ʻāpala alder, nā lālā maloʻo o nā hua ʻākau mai lalo o ka hau, inā laki ʻoe, nā hua ponoʻī.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna, ʻike nui ʻia ka papaʻai a Ptarmigan me nā lau ʻōpio, ka mauʻu, nā pua a me nā kumu blueberry. A i ke kauwela nā ʻahaʻaina manu ʻāpana. I ka papa kuhikuhi kau wela he mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona, a me nā ʻano hua, a me nā ʻanoʻano, a me nā limu, a me ka horsetail, a me ka mauʻu pulupulu, a me ka wilou, a me nā blueberry, a me ka rosemary hihiu, a me ka palaoa, a me nā ʻaka like ʻole, a me nā ʻulā pū kekahi.
Ma kahi kokoke i ke kauwela, hoʻololi ka White Partridge i kahi papa hua berry ʻono. ʻO kahi cocktail kūikawā o nā pūhaka rose, nā lingonberry, nā blueberry, nā blueberry. He mea nui ia no ka nani o kēlā ʻano papaʻai, hoʻomau ka ʻāpana i ka ʻai i nā lālā maloʻo, a me nā mea kolo pū i loko. Ma waena o nā mea kolo, ʻoi aku nā cicadas, dipterans, a me nā ʻenuhe. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā punawelewele.
ʻAʻole hōʻole kēia mau manu i nā nila. Akā, inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka meaʻai, a laila pono mākou e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hopena ʻē aʻe o kēia loulou meaʻai. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Partridge ka mea i koi ʻia e ʻimi i nā meaʻai nāna iho. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe iā ia i kēia hiki.
A eia nā ʻenemi nui. ʻO ka mea mua ma kā lākou papa inoa ʻo ka fox arctic. ʻO ia wale nō ka mea hiki ke hoʻokau i kahi kī nui i ka heluna manu. Hana pū kekahi ʻo Gyrfalcons i nā pōʻino nui, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea nui. Akā, ʻaʻole makemake ka skua, ka gull a me ka burgomaster i ka pāʻina ʻana i nā keiki ʻōpio o ka ʻāpana.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ma aneʻi paha, e like me ka nui o nā lunamaka o ka honua holoholona, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pāʻani moena me ka hoʻomaka o ka puna. I kēia manawa kupaianaha o ka makahiki, nā kāne, ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kāne hou a me ka wiwo ʻole, e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kā lākou mau ʻakaʻaka momona. Kuhi kēia i nā wahine a me nā hoa hakakā.
A eia ʻo ia - he minuke hanohano no nā kāne! ʻAʻole ka mea nui maʻaneʻi e uhi iā ʻoe iho me ka hilahila o ka holo ʻana mai ke kahua kaua, akā e kū a hiki i ka hopena. E hīmeni me ka leo nui a no ka lōʻihi e hiki ai, lele wikiwiki ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike i kou mau ʻeheu i ko lākou piha piha a me ka nani o ke kala. ʻAʻole kū ka hana hoʻopunipuni maʻamau i ka hana ʻana, e hua ana i ka hua.
A i kēia manawa, i loko o ʻApelila, hoʻokumu ʻia nā kāne, a hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomākaukau me ka ikaika no ke ʻano o nā keiki. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, koho ʻia kahi kūpono, maloʻo a lawa, kahi e kūkulu ʻia ai ka pūnana e hiki mai ana. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pūnana o ka ʻāpana i kahi ala i loaʻa kahi ʻike maikaʻi mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau.
Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā lālā a me kāna hulu ponoʻī ma ke ʻano he hale kūkulu. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i kēia āpau i kahi papa liʻiliʻi i kahi hoʻomaha hoʻomaha i hana mua ʻia. ʻIke ʻia nā hua i ka pūnana i ka hoʻomaka o Mei. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke noho ana kahi ʻāpana ma kahi pūnana, lilo maoli ia i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia ma muli o kona kala.
I hoʻokahi kau, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe i 20 mau hua melemele me nā kiko. Akā, ʻo ka hapa pinepine, he 9-10 mau ʻāpana kēia. Hana nui ka wahine i ka hatching moa. Hana ke kāne i kēia manawa i kāna hana kāne. Nānā ʻo ia i ka panalāʻau a hoʻoweliweli aku a hoʻohuli paha i nā ʻenemi kūpono āpau me nā maneuvers like ʻole.
He mea kupanaha ia i ka lā mua o ko lākou hānau ʻana, hele i waho nā keiki mai ka pūnana a hoʻomaka e holo ma hope o ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne. A ma hope o ʻelua pule hoʻāʻo lākou e lele. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, mālama a mālama like nā mākua ʻelua i kā lāua keiki.
Minamina, he nui nā ʻenemi o ka hanauna ʻōpio o ka White Partridge, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ai i ka helu o kēia mau manu kupaianaha, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o kā lākou helu i ka wā hānau.
ʻO ka nui o nā makahiki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka ptarmigan ma kahi o 9 mau makahiki. Akā, minamina, i ke kūlohelohe he nui nā mea makemake ʻole i hiki iā ia ke noho ma ka awelika no 5-7 mau makahiki. Laki kēia lā komo pū ʻo ptarmigan i loko «Buke ʻulaʻula».
Hana ke kanaka i ka mea hiki e hoʻonui i ka heluna kanaka o kēia manu kupaianaha. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ua mālama ʻia nā reserves a me nā wahi kūikawā no kāna hana hou ʻana.
I ka manawa like, pāpā loa ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i ko mākou ʻāina. E lana ka manaʻo e kōkua kēia i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o ka Ptarmigan a hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomau i ka mahalo i kahi hana nani o nā kūlohelohe.
