Aia ka unicorn, akā ʻaʻole ia e noho i nā ululāʻau fairy, akā i loko o ka wai hau o ka Arctic, a narwhal kona inoa. ʻO kēia koholā niho me ka pepeiaohao pololei (tusk), like pinepine me ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o kona kino mana.
Hōʻike Narwhal
ʻO Monodon monoceros kahi lālā o ka ʻohana narwhal, ʻo ia wale nō nā ʻano i ka genus o narwhals... Ma waho o ia, ʻo ka ʻohana narwhal (Monodontidae) kahi wale nō i ke koholā beluga me nā ʻano morphological a me nā immunological.
Helehelena
Kūlike ka narwhal me ka koholā beluga ʻaʻole wale ka nui / ke kinona o ke kino - ʻaʻohe lua o nā koholā ʻelua, nā ʻāpana pectoral like a me ... nā keiki (hānau ka koholā beluga i nā keiki polū ʻeleʻele i keʻokeʻo i ko lākou ulu ʻana). E ulu ana kahi narwhal makua a hiki i ka 4,5 m me ka nui o 2-3 mau tona. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo nā Ketologists ʻaʻole kēia ka palena - inā laki ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona 6-mika.
Ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ke kaupaona ka momona, a ʻo ka momona momona ponoʻī (ka mea e pale ai i ka holoholona mai ke anuanu) ma kahi o 10 cm. Kau ʻia kahi poʻo puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāʻī i haʻi ʻia me ka nāwaliwali: kahi uluna spermaceti, ke kau iki nei ma luna o ka iwi ā luna, no ia ka hoʻopuni āpau o ka outline Liʻiliʻi ka waha o ka narwhal, a uhi iki ka lehelehe luna i ka lehelehe haʻahaʻa o ke kino, a ʻaʻohe niho.
Mea nui! Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Narwhal me ka niho ʻole, inā ʻaʻole no nā niho ʻelua i loaʻa ma ka iwi ā luna. Hoʻokiʻokiʻoki ʻia ka mea ʻākau i ka mea nui loa, a huli ka hema i ka tusk kaulana 2-3-mika, wili ʻia i kahi wili hema.
ʻOiai kona hiʻohiʻona nani a me ke kaupaona (a i 10 kg), ikaika a maʻalahi hoʻi ka tusk - hiki i kona hopena ke kūlou i 0.3 m me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoweliweli e wāwahi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, haki nā uʻi i kekahi manawa a ʻaʻole ulu hou, a hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ko lākou mau aʻa niho me nā hoʻopiha iwi. ʻO ke kuleana o ka fin dorsal e hoʻokani ʻia e kahi haʻahaʻa (a i 5 cm) kāʻiliʻili (0.75 ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi) aia ma ke kua liʻiliʻi loa. Pālahalaha nā peʻa pectoral o ka narwhal, akā pōkole.
ʻOkoʻa ka narwhal makua kāne ʻokoʻa mai kona pili pili loa (koholā beluga) e kona kala ʻike ʻike ʻia. Ma ke kukui ākea ākea o ke kino (ma ke poʻo, nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kua), nui nā kiko ʻeleʻele o ke ʻano kūlike ʻole a 5 cm ke anawaena. ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau ke hui pū nā kiko, ʻoi aku ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ke poʻo / ka ʻāʻī a me ka peduncle caudal, e hana ana i nā wahi pouli like. ʻO nā ʻōpio ʻōmaʻomaʻo monochrome - polū hina, ʻeleʻele-hina a i ʻole papa.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā Narwhals nā holoholona kaiāulu e hoʻokumu i nā holoholona nui. ʻO nā kaiāulu nui loa nā kāne kāne piha, nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā wahine, a me nā mea liʻiliʻi - o nā wahine me nā keiki bipi a i ʻole nā kāne makua kāne. Wahi a nā ketologists, ma mua o ka piʻo ʻana o nā narwhals i loko o nā pā nui, a hiki i kahi mau kaukani mau kānaka, akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui i nā haneli.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kauwela, makemake nā narwhals (ʻokoʻa ka belugas) e noho i nā wai hohonu, a i ka hoʻoilo e noho lākou i polynyas. Ke uhi ʻia nā mea hope me ka hau, hāpai nā kāne i nā kua nui a me nā ʻūlū, e haki ana i ka pā hau (a i 5 cm ka mānoanoa).
Mai ka ʻaoʻao, nānā nani nāʻauʻau kai wikiwiki - hoʻomau lākou me kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i nā maneuvers synchronous. ʻAʻole nani iki kēia mau koholā i nā manawa hoʻomaha: moe lākou ma ka ʻili o ke kai, e kuhikuhi ana i kā lākou mau niho hoʻohanohano i mua a i luna i ka lani. Noho ʻo Narwhals i loko o ka wai hau e pili ana i ka hau ʻAtika a huli i nā neʻe kau e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hau lana.
Ma ka hoʻoilo, neʻe nā koholā i ka hema, a i ke kauwela neʻe lākou i ka ʻākau.... Ma waho o nā palena o ka wai polar ma lalo o 70 ° C. sh., narwhals puka i waho wale nō i ka hoʻoilo a kākaʻikahi loa. Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa, keʻa nā kāne i ko lākou mau pepeiaohao, a ka poʻe ketologists i manaʻo ai ma ke ʻano he ala e hoʻokuʻu ai i nā nīwi mai nā ulu haole. Hiki i nā Narwhals ke kamaʻilio a hana me ka makemake, e hoʻokuʻu ana (e like me ka manawa) yelps, lows, clicks, whistles a me nā kaniʻuhū pū me ke kaniʻuhū.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi narwhal
Manaʻoʻiʻo nā biologists e noho nei nā narwhals i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe no ka hapalua kenekulia (a i 55 mau makahiki). I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻaʻole aʻa ke aʻa a hanau hou: ʻaʻole i hala ka 4 mahina i ka hopu pio ʻia. No ka mālama ʻana i ka narwhal i loko o nā waihona wai ʻimi, ʻaʻole ia he nui wale, akā lawa nō hoʻi ka picky, no ka mea pono i nā palena wai kūikawā.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Hiki ke ʻimi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻo ka mea mua, ka nui - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a ʻaʻole hiki iki i kahi ton i ke kaupaona, e loaʻa ana ma kahi o 900 kg. Akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui aia i nā niho, a i ʻole, i ka niho hema hema, e huki ana i ka lehelehe luna o ke kāne a ulu 2-3 m, e wili ana i ka corkscrew paʻa.
Mea nui! Hūnā ʻia nā tusks ʻākau (i nā kāne ʻelua) i nā gums, e ulu laha ʻole ana - ma kahi o 1 i ka 500. Eia kekahi, i kekahi manawa haki kahi tusk lōʻihi i loko o ka wahine. Ua ʻike ʻo Hunters i ka wahine narwhal me kahi mau kua (ʻākau a hema).
Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi nā ketologists i ka tusk i nā ʻano moekolohe lua o nā kāne, akā aia nō ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i kāna hana. Manaʻo kekahi mau biologists e hoʻohana nā kāne i kā lākou tusks i nā pāʻani moena, e ʻumeʻume i nā hoa a i ʻole ana i ka ikaika me nā mea hoʻokūkū (i ka lua o ka hihia, hamo ka narwhals i kā lākou mau niho.
ʻO nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe no nā tusks i:
- ke kūpaʻa o ke kino (pale iā ia mai ka huli ʻana ma ke axis) i ka wā e ʻauʻau ana me nā neʻe puni o ka fin caudal;
- e hāʻawi ana i ka oxygen i nā lālā i koe o ka pā, nele i nā pepeiaohao - me ke kōkua o nā puʻu, haki nā kāne i ka hau, e hana ana i nā puka no nā ʻohana;
- ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka tusk ma ke ʻano he mea hopu holoholona, e like me ka hopu ʻia ʻana e ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni wikiō i alakaʻi ʻia e nā loea o ka WWF Polar Research Department ma 2017;
- palekana mai nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
Eia hou, i ka 2005, mahalo i ka noiʻi e kahi hui i alakaʻi ʻia e Martin Nweeia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ka tusk no ka narwhal kahi ʻano o ke ʻano manaʻo. Ninaninau ʻia ka iwi iwi o ka niho ʻelepani ma lalo o ka microscope electron a ʻike ʻia e komo ʻia e nā miliona o nā aʻa liʻiliʻi me nā wēlau nerve. Ua kuhiakau nā mea kālaimeaola e pane ka tusk o ka narwhal i nā loli o ka mahana a me ke kaomi, a hoʻoholo pū i ke ʻano o nā mea i kāpae ʻia i ka wai kai.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ʻo Narwhal ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau, a ma ke kai ʻo Kara, Chukchi a me Barents Seas, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ke Kai Kahiko. Loaʻa ia ma kahi kokoke i Greenland, ka pae ʻāina ʻo Kanada a me Spitsbergen, a ma ka ʻākau hoʻi o ka North Island o Novaya Zemlya a ma waho o ke kapakai o ka ʻāina ʻo Franz Josef.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Narwhals ma ke ʻākau loa o nā cetacean āpau, ʻoiai lākou e noho ana ma waena o 70 ° a me 80 ° latitu ʻākau. I ke kauwela, ʻo ka neʻe ʻākau o ka narwhal e hoʻonui i 85 ° N. sh., i ka hoʻoilo he kipa hema - i Netherlands a me Great Britain, ka Bering Island, ke Kai Keʻokeʻo a me ke kahakai ʻo Murmansk.
ʻO nā wahi noho kuʻuna o nā laha he polynyas kū ʻole i ka waenakonu o ka Arctic, kahi i uhi ʻole ʻia me ka hau a i nā wā hoʻoilo nui loa.... ʻO kēia mau oases ma waena o ka hau e waiho mau ʻole ana mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki, a ʻo ka mea kupaianaha o lākou i hāʻawi ʻia i ko lākou mau inoa ponoʻī. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa, ʻo ka Great Siberian Polynya, aia ma kahi kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Siberian Hou. ʻO kā lākou polynyas paʻa mau i ʻike ʻia ma waho o ke kapakai hikina o Taimyr, ʻo Franz Josef Land a me Novaya Zemlya.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke apo Arctic o ke ola ka inoa no kahi kaulahao o nā ʻāpana o ka wai kai kū ʻole e hoʻopili i nā polynyas mau (nā wahi kuʻuna o nā narwhals).
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona e ka hoʻomaka / hoʻi ʻana o ka hau. Ma ka laulaha, loaʻa i kēia mau koholā ʻākau ka palena palena iki, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka picky e pili ana i ko lākou wahi noho. Makemake lākou i nā wai hohonu, komo i nā kahakai / fjords i ke kauwela a paʻakikī e holo aku mai ka hau hau. Noho ka hapa nui o nā narwhals i ka Moana Strait, ke Kai Greenland a me ke Kai Baffin, akā ʻo ka nui o nā lehulehu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke komohana ʻākau o Greenland a ma nā wai o ka hikina o ka Arctic o Kanada.
Papaʻai Narwhal
Inā lurk ka mea pio (lalo iʻa) ma lalo, hoʻomaka ka narwhal e hana me kahi tusk e hoʻoweliweli iā ia a piʻi aʻe.
Hoʻopili ka papaʻai a ka narwhal i ke ola kai.
- cephalopods (me ka heʻe);
- crustaceans;
- ʻalekona;
- cod;
- hānai manu;
- flounder a halibut;
- nā kukuna a me nā gobies.
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka narwhal i kahi noho lōʻihi ma lalo o ka wai, kahi āna e hoʻohana ai i ka wā e alualu ai, e luʻu ana no kahi manawa lōʻihi i kahi hohonu o kahi kilomita.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻole ʻike nui ʻia e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā narwhals ma muli o kā lākou wahi kikoʻī. Manaʻo nā Ketologists hānau hānau nā wahine i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki, e hāpai ana i nā pēpē ma mua o 15 mau mahina. ʻO ke kau moʻo e mau ana mai Malaki a Mei, a kū i ka moekolohe i kahi kū i luna, ke huli nā hoa i ko lākou ʻōpū i kekahi i kekahi. Hānau ʻia nā keiki i Iulai - ʻAukake i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi, kākaʻikahi - ʻelua mau keikikāne, kahi e waiho mua i ka hiapo o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine... Kaupaona kahi hānau hou 80 kg a 1.5-1.7 ka lōʻihi kona lōʻihi a loaʻa koke i kahi papa o ka momona subcutaneous o 25 mm. ʻAi ka cub i ka waiū o kona makuahine ma kahi o 20 mau mahina, e like me ka cub o ke koholā beluga. Hana ʻia ka ʻōpio i nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka makahiki 4 a 7 mau makahiki, ke ulu ka wahine i 4 m me ka nui o 0.9 mau tona, a hoʻonui ka kāne i ka 4.7 m me ke kaupaona o 1.6 tone.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ka nahelehele, hiki i nā kohola pepehi kanaka makua wale nō a me nā bea polar ke hana me kahi narwhal nunui. Hoʻouka ʻia nā mea ulu ulu e nā manō polar. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻoweliweli ʻia ke olakino o narwhals e nā parasites liʻiliʻi, nā nematode a me nā kika kohola. Pono pū ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i kahi kanaka nāna i ʻimi i nā koholā ʻākau no kā lākou mau mea kupaianaha. Ua lawe aku nā mea kālepa i kahi kālepa wikiwiki i ka pauka mai kahi pepeiaohao ʻaoʻao, kahi a nā poʻe e pili ana i nā hana kupaianaha.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hilinaʻi ko mākou mau kūpuna e hoʻōla ka puʻupuʻu tusk i nā ʻeha, a hoʻomaha pū i ke kuni, nāwaliwali ʻeleʻele, nā mea hōʻino, nā kuni, ka maʻi ahulau a me nā nahu.
ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o ka tusk o ka narwhal ma mua o ke gula, ʻo ia ke kumu i kūʻai aku ai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi tusk holoʻokoʻa e nā poʻe waiwai nui, e like me Elizabeth I o ʻEnelani, nāna i hāʻawi he 10 tausani paona nona. A ua hoʻohana nā kuhina o nā mōʻī Farani i ka tusk, e nānā ana i ka meaʻai i hāʻawi ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau make.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻOiai ʻo ka IUCN Red List, e ʻōlelo nei ma kahi o 170 tausani kohola (koe aku nā heluna o ka Russian Arctic a me Northeast Greenland), ʻaʻole hāʻawi i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī no ka heluna nui o ka honua o narwhals. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano he hoʻoweliweli nui i kēia mau māmela kai.
- hoʻouku hana;
- ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka lako o ka meaʻai;
- haumia kai;
- nalo o ka hau kai;
- nā maʻi.
ʻOiai ʻoiai ʻaʻole i lilo ʻo narwhal i kumu o ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana (koe wale no nā makahiki he 20 i ke kenekulia 20, i ka wā i ʻohi ikaika ʻia ai ma ka Kanada Arctic), ua hoʻolauna ke aupuni o Kanada i nā hana kaohi koʻikoʻi i ke kenekulia i hala.
Hoihoi ia! Ua pāpā aku nā luna o Kanada i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā wahine (me nā keiki bipi), a hoʻonohonoho i ka quota no ka hopu ʻana i ka narwhal ma nā wahi nui, a kēnā aku i nā poʻe koholā e hoʻolei aku i nā holoholona i hopu ʻia.
I kēia lā, ʻimi ʻia nā narwhals e kekahi mau kaiāulu ʻōiwi ma Greenland a me Kanada.... Ma ʻaneʻi e ʻai ʻia a hānai ʻia paha i nā ʻīlio, hoʻopiha ʻia nā kukui i ka momona, kau ʻia ka ʻiʻo ma nā kaula, a hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻoki no nā mea hoʻomanaʻo i kālai ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka palupalu o nā laha ma muli o kona kūpaʻa i nā kahakai like, kahi e hoʻi ai nā narwhals i kēlā me kēia kauwela. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Narwhal i ka Manaʻo II o ka Convention ma International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
