He holoholona ʻo Yak. Ka wehewehe, nā hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻano, ka nohona a me ka nohona o ka yak

Yak - he holoholona kolo hulu nui me ka helehelena exotic a expressive loa. ʻO Tibet ko lākou homeland, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nohona i ka Himalayas, Pamir, Tan Shan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Siberia Hikina a me ka Teritori ʻo Altai. Lawe ʻia ka pipi i North Caucasus a me Yakutia.

Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO kahi holoholona kīkōkō, like me ka bipi nui, me nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me nā lauoho lōʻihi o ke kala ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia yak. Ma ke kiʻi ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona kūwahi kūwaho:

• kumukānāwai ikaika;
• hump i hana ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana spong elongated o ka vertebrae thoracic (kiʻekiʻe mai 4 cm);
• ʻawaʻawa kua;
• nā lālā i hoʻomohala pono ʻia, ikaika, pōkole a mānoanoa nā wāwae;
• pahu hohonu;
• ʻāʻī pōkole;
• pulu liʻiliʻi me nā teats 2 ... 4 knm ka lōʻihi;
• huelo loloa;
• pepeiaohao lahilahi.

ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻili mai ke ʻano o ka ʻili o nā holoholona like. I nā yaks, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻāpana subcutaneus, a aneane e hele ʻole nā ​​ʻūlū. He ʻili mānoanoa ko lākou me ka lauoho lauoho manoanoa. ʻO ke kapa paheʻe a lahilahi e kau ana i ke kino ma ke ʻano o ka ʻaoʻao a ʻaneʻane uhi pono i nā wāwae.

Ma nā wāwae a me ka ʻōpū, shaggy ka lauoho, pōkole, me nā lauoho kiaʻi a me ka pale kiaʻi. He kapa malalo ke kapa komo i lalo i nā hālau i ke kau mahana. Loihi ka huelo, me he lio lā. ʻAʻohe palaki ma ka huelo, maʻamau no nā pipi.

Ma muli o nā mumū nui a me ka puʻuwai, ka momona o ke koko me ka hemoglobin fetal, lawe ke koko yak i kahi nui o ka oxygen. Ua ʻae kēia i nā yaks e hoʻololi i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.

He holoholona ʻo Yak hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi ʻia i ke ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa. He aʻa maikaʻi hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Yaks. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka lohe a me ka hihi. ʻAʻohe o nā pepeiaohao nā ʻōiwi kūloko.

ʻO ke kaupaona o nā yaks home 400 ... 500 kg, yachs - 230 ... 330 kg. Hiki i kahi yak hihiu ke kaupaona a 1000 kg. ʻO ke kaupaona ola o nā yachts hou ka 9 ... 16 kg. Ma nā ʻōlelo pili a pili pono hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā keiki bipi ma mua o nā keiki bipi. Hōʻike ka papa i nā palena o ke kino o yaks a me yaks.

Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona i hōʻike ʻia pehea ke ʻano o ka holoholona yak.

Nā ʻano

Wahi a ka hoʻonohonoho ʻepekema, no nā yaks:

• ka papa o nā mea mammal;
• kahi kaʻawale o artiodactyls;
• suborder ruminants;
• ʻohana o nā bovids;
• subvamily bovine;
• he ʻano bipi maoli;
• ka ʻike ʻana i nā yaks.

I ka hoʻohālikelike e noho nei, ma waena o ke kuhi o hoʻokahi ʻano, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana ʻelua: hihiu a kūloko. I kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he ʻelua ʻano ʻokoʻa.

• Yyak hihiu.

ʻO Bos mutus ("mute") kahi ʻano o nā yaks hihiu. Ua ola kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia e nā kānaka. I ke kūlohelohe, loaʻa lākou i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o Tibet. Ua wehewehe ʻo ka mōʻaukala Tibet kahiko iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea weliweli loa no nā kānaka. No ka manawa mua, ua wehewehe ʻepekema ʻia e kekahi kumu hihiu e N.M. Przhevalsky i ke kenekulia 19.

• Ie homemade.

Bos grunniens ("grunting") - yak pet... ʻIke ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi holoholona hihiu. Ua hoʻokipa ʻia ʻo Iakoba i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 1st. BC. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona luhi.

Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi he aneane wale nō ia holoholona kūpono no ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā wahi mauna kiʻekiʻe. I kekahi mau wahi, hānai ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he meaʻai a me nā holoholona. Hoʻohana ʻia nā meaola biological (nā pepeiaohao, lauoho, huluhulu) no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo, nā mea hana lima, nā huahana huluhulu.

ʻO Yak a me nā hybrids bipi - hainak a me orthon. Ua liʻiliʻi lākou ma mua o nā yaks i ka nui, docile, a ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻomanawanui liʻiliʻi. Hāpai ʻia ʻo Hainaki ma ke ʻano he holoholona i wae ʻia ma ka hema o Siberia a me Mongolia.

Ka nohona a me ka nohona

ʻO ka homeland o nā yaks hihiu ʻo Tibet. Ma laila wale nō e noho ai nā yaks hihiu, i ka mauna. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā wahi mauna kokoke - Ladakh a me Karakorum.

I ke kauwela, aia ko lākou wahi i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 6100 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, a i ka hoʻoilo e iho lākou i lalo - a i 4300 ... 4600 m. Hoʻololi ʻia lākou i ke kino ma nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kuahiwi (ke anuanu a me nā ea rarefied), no laila ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i nā wahi haʻahaʻa a me nā mahana ma luna o 15 C.

I nā mahina wela, hoʻāʻo lākou e piʻi i luna, puhi ʻia e ka makani, kahi ʻaʻohe mau kolo kolo koko. Makemake lākou e hānai a moe i nā ʻāhinahina. Neʻe maikaʻi ʻo Yaks i nā wahi mauna. Maʻemaʻe loa nā holoholona.

Noho ʻo Yaks i nā kau liʻiliʻi o 10-12 poʻo. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūʻā holoholona i nā wahine a me nā yachts. I loko o kahi pā, pane koke nā holoholona i nā neʻe a kekahi, e makaʻala mau.

Akoakoa nā kāne makua no ka hānai i nā hui o 5 ... 6 poʻo. Mālama nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā hui nui. Me ka makahiki, hoʻemi haʻahaʻa ka holoholona i nā pūʻulu. Noho kaʻawale nā ​​ʻelemākule kāne ʻelemākule.

I nā wā hauʻeha i loko o kahi pā hau a i ʻole ka hau hau, ʻākoakoa nā yaks i kahi hui, hoʻopuni i ka ʻōpio, a pēlā e pale ai iā lākou mai ka hau.

Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa ke kau rutting. He ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o nā yaks i kēia manawa mai ka hana a nā bovids ʻē aʻe. Hui pū nā kāne i nā pūʻā o nā moku peʻa. Hana nā hakakā ikaika ma waena o nā yaks: hoʻāʻo lākou e kuʻi kekahi i kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao me ko lākou mau pepeiaohao.

Pau nā kuʻikahi i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi, i nā manawa kakaikahi, hiki i ka make ke hiki. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā yaks hāmau i ka rut e hoʻokau i kahi halulu leo ​​kono nui. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kau moʻo, haʻalele nā ​​kāne i ka pipi.

Makua yak hihiu - holoholona ikaika a ikaika hoʻi. Hoʻokomo nā Wolves i nā yaks wale nō i nā pūʻulu i ka hau, kahi e ālai ai i ka neʻe ʻana o kēia holoholona momona. Kūleʻa nā yaks hihiu i kānaka. I ka hoʻokuʻi me kahi kanaka, ʻo ka yak, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea ʻeha, hele koke i ka hoʻouka kaua.

ʻO ka nāwaliwali wale nō o ka yak, ʻoluʻolu no ka mea hahai holoholona, ​​nāwaliwali ka lohe a me ka ʻike. ʻO ka yak hoʻouka ke nānā aku nei i ka hakakā: he poʻo i paʻa ʻia i luna a me kahi huelo me nā lauoho e wili ana e ka sultan.

ʻAʻole like me nā bovids ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā yaks ke ʻōhū a i ʻole ke kani ʻana. I nā manawa maʻamau, hana lākou i nā leo e like me ka namunamu. No laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he "grunting bulls".

ʻAiʻai Pono

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona yak kahi e noho aipehea e hoʻololi ai i kona kino i nā ʻano kaiapuni e hoʻopili i ka papaʻai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka waha a me nā lehelehe e ʻae iā ʻoe e kiʻi i ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka hau (a hiki i ka 14 knm papa) a ma ka lepo paʻa. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hānai ʻo yaks i:

• lichens;
• mosses;
• mauʻu;
• nā ʻōpiopio o nā laʻalāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau;
• lau nahelehele maloʻo a maloʻo hoʻi ma nā wahi hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo.

Hānai nā hua hou i ka waiū o ka makuahine a hiki i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, a laila hoʻololi i nā meaʻai mea kanu. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kanu, ʻoka, bran, berena ʻeleʻele, a me nā cereala i ka papaʻai o nā yaks home a me nā mea hihiu i mālama ʻia i loko o nā zoo. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻai iwi, ka paʻakai a me ka kōkō ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili mineral.

I nā māla ʻo yak, hānai ʻia lākou ma nā wahi hānai mauna ma lalo o ka mana o kahi mea hoʻohua hānau. Ma ka hānai ʻana, nā yaks, me ke ʻano mālie o ko lākou ʻano, e hoʻāʻo e neʻe mai kahi kanaka aku, no nā ʻano o kā lākou ʻōnaehana pīhoihoi.

ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola

Wae, holoholona aha, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna hana hou ʻana. Hoʻololi i ke ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi hiki i nā yaks ke hoʻohua i nā mahana haʻahaʻa. Palena ʻia ka hānau ʻana ma ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi mauna haʻahaʻa me kahi aniau wela a mehana.

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i ke alo o kahi kanaka, ʻaʻole hōʻike nā yaks i nā reflexes moekolohe. Hana ʻia ke ʻano moekolohe o nā kānaka hihiu i ka makahiki o 6 ... 8 mau makahiki, ke ola maʻamau he 25 mau makahiki.

Nā hiʻohiʻona hānau:

• He mau holoholona polyester ʻo Yaks. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau ma ka hopena o Iune - waena o Iulai a pau i ʻOkakopa-Kekemapa, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona.
• Hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻohua i ka makahiki 18 ... 24 mau mahina.
• I nā wahine pā ʻole, holo ka hahai holoholona ʻana mai Iune a Iulai, i ka hānau ʻana i nā wahine - mai Iulai a Kepakemapa, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka manawa o ka hānau keiki ʻana.
• ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā yachts ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o nā kuahiwi e alakaʻi aku ai i ka hoʻolōʻihi lōʻihi ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoipoipo ʻana.
• Nā ʻōuli o ka hopu holoholona: Hoʻonāukiuki i nā Yachts, hōʻole e ʻai, honi a lele i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Pulse, wikiwiki ka hanu, piʻi ka mahana o ke kino e 0.5-1.2 ° C. Huna ʻia ʻo Viscous a cloudy mucus mai ka cervix. Kū ka ovulation ma waena o 3 ... 6 mau hola ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻimi.
• ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi o ka lā, ke mālama ʻia ia ma nā ʻūlū ʻākau o nā kuahiwi, kahi manawa maikaʻi no ka male ʻana.
• Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana moekolohe o nā yachts i ka wela a ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka oxygen.
• Hoʻemi ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala intrauterine i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā pipi ʻē aʻe a 224 ... 284 mau lā (ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau mahina).
• Noho ʻo Yachikhs i nā wahi hānai i ka wā puna me ka ʻole o ke kōkua kanaka.
• Aia ka moekolohe kāne o nā kāne yaks i nā ʻano o ko lākou hānai ʻana. Hana ʻia ma 15 ... 18 mau mahina.
• Hōʻike ʻia ka hana moekolohe nui e nā kāne o nā makahiki 1.5 ... 4 mau makahiki.

No kahi hua kiʻekiʻe o nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā kūlana o nā mahiʻai yak, pono e hoʻokō i nā koina:

• hoʻonohonoho i ka male ʻana i ka manawa kūpono;
• hoʻohana i nā mea hana ʻōpio i ka pūʻā;
• palena i ka ukana moekolohe ma nā kāne a 10-12 yachts;
• i ka wā o ka moena, mālama i nā yaks i nā wahi hānai i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3 tausani m me ka mauʻu mauʻu i lawa.
• hoʻokō pono i ka puaʻa.

ʻO nā gobies hybrid a me nā bipi wahine i ka hapanui o nā hihia he sterile.

Kumukūʻai

Kūʻai ʻia nā yaks kūloko e ke kaupaona ola. Kumukūʻai mai 260 rubles / kg. Kūʻai ʻia lākou no ka mālama ʻana i nā mahiʻai a me nā mahiā hānau. ʻO nā huahana mea olaola yak he mea waiwai nui.

• ʻAi. ʻAi mākaukau ʻia. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, hoʻomoʻa ʻia, hoʻolapalapa ʻia a hoʻomoʻa ʻia. ʻO ka ʻikepili Caloric 110 kcal. / 100 g. Loaʻa nā huaora B1 a me B2, nā minelala (Ca, K, P, Fe, Na), nā protein a me nā momona. No ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka culinary, ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpio, a i ʻekolu mau makahiki, ua manaʻo ʻia he nui nā yaks. ʻAno ia i ka ʻono, paʻakikī ʻole, me ka ʻole o nā papa momona. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻiʻo o nā holoholona kahiko, momona a kiʻekiʻe-kalori, hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka ʻiʻo moa. ʻOi aku ia i ka pīpī i ka ʻono a me nā ʻano nutritional. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻiʻo yak he 5 mau manawa ma lalo o ke kumukūʻai o ka pipi. ʻO ka hua o kaʻiʻo (luku) - 53%. No kaʻiʻo, maikaʻi ke kūʻai aku i nā mea kaupaona ma ka liʻiliʻi 300 kg.
• Waiu. ʻO ka momona o ka waiū yak ka 2 mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka waiū o ka bipi. Mea momona - 5.3 ... 8.5%, nā polokina - 5.1 ... 5.3%. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā paʻi ʻaʻala a me ka waiūpaka me kahi ʻike carotene kiʻekiʻe, kahi lōʻihi o ke ola. Manaʻo ʻia ka hua o ka waiū - 858 ... 1070 kg / makahiki. Ulu ka waiu i nā wahine a ulu ka makahiki o 9 mau makahiki, a laila e emi mālie.
• Hoʻohana ʻia ka momona i ka hana hoʻonaninani.
• Huluhulu. I nā zona hānau hānau yak, hoʻohana ākea ʻia kā lākou huluhulu no ka hana ʻana i nā kapeta, nā kapa moe, nā lole mehana a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi maikaʻi ia iā ia iho i ka felting. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hulu yakat no ka hana ʻana i ka lole ʻino. Palupalu ka hulu, mālama i ka wela no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole wili, ʻaʻole alergenic. Hulu hulu hipa - 0.3 ... 0.9 kg no kēlā me kēia mākua.
• ʻIli. ʻO nā ʻili maka i loaʻa mai i ka ʻili e hoʻokō i nā koina no ka ʻili pipi. E hoʻonui ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana ʻili yak i nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā kāmaʻa a me nā mea ʻili ʻē aʻe.
• Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiwi e hana i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo.

Mālama ʻia ʻo Yaks i nā zoo. Kumukūʻai yak hūnā 47,000-120,000 rubles.

Mālama ʻo Yak a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana

ʻO nā ʻāina alakaʻi hānau yak ka China, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. I ka Russian Federation, aia nā māla yak i Dagestan, Yakutia, Buryatia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Tuva.

ʻO Yaks he mau holoholona unpretentious ʻaʻole koi i nā kūlana kūikawā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. I nā pā holoholona a me nā māla ponoʻī, mālama ʻia lākou i loko o nā pā i lako me nā pā ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2.5 m. Ua hoʻokau ʻia nā hale lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​hale i ka pā.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hana hānau o kēia mau holoholona ma ka hānai ʻana i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. I nā ʻāpana mauna kiʻekiʻe, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahi hānai me nā lau nahele maikaʻi no ka hānau ʻana o ka yak. Hoʻololi ʻo Yaks i ke anilā a me nā ʻano hānai o nā ʻāpana kahi i hānai ʻia ai lākou no nā hanauna.

Ma nā mahiʻai, hoʻohui ʻia nā yaks i nā bipi a i ʻole nā ​​bipi i ka makahiki a me ka wahine.

• 60 ... 100 poʻo - waiū yach;
• 8… 15 poʻo - hoʻoulu hānau;
• 80 poʻo - keiki bipi a hiki i ka 12 mau makahiki;
• 100 poʻo - nā holoholona ʻōpio ma mua o 12 mau makahiki;
• 100 mau poʻo - nā yachts hānau.

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Yaks i nā maʻi:

• brucellosis;
• puʻupuʻu;
• maʻi maʻi wāwae a me ka waha;
• anthrax;
• nā maʻi parasito o ke koko (ke hoʻokele nei i ke kau mahana i ka wāwae wāwae);
• subcutaneous gadfly;
• nā maʻi helminthic.

ʻO Yak ka hoʻoulu ʻana he ʻoihana palupalu. Ke emi nei ka nui o nā yaks i nā māla pilikino a me nā mea pilikino. Ke emi nui nei hoʻi ka nui o nā yaks hihiu. Ua helu ʻia nā yaks hihiu i ka puke ʻulaʻula.

E nānā i ka wikiō: LakotaDakota Prayer Song (Iulai 2024).