Nā hiʻohiʻona, ke kūkulu a me ka nohona o nā kāmaʻa ciliates
ʻO ka slipper Infusoria ka cell maʻalahi e noho nei i ka neʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke ola ma ka Honua e ka ʻokoʻa o nā meaola ola e noho ana ma luna ona, i kekahi manawa me ka hanana paʻakikī a me kahi hiʻohiʻona holoʻokoʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona nui e kōkua iā lākou e ola i kēia ao piha i nā pilikia.
Akā i waena o nā meaola kūlohelohe aia kekahi mau mea kūlohelohe o ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ke ʻano o ia mea he primitive loa ia, akā ʻo ia ka mea i kekahi manawa, i mau piliona mau makahiki i hala, i hāʻawi i ka impetus i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ola a mai iā lākou nā meaola paʻakikī i ko lākou ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO nā ʻano primitive o ke ola kūlohelohe e kū nei ma ka honua i kēia lā i loko slipper infusoriapili i nā mea unicellular mai ka hui o alveolates.
Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa kumu i ke kinona o kona kino kālī, e like me ke ʻano o ke kāmaʻa o ka kāmaʻa maʻamau me ka welelau ākea a me nā wēlau.
Kuhi ʻia kēlā mau microorganism e nā ʻepekema e like me ka nui o ka configzoa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o haumana papa, pahee ʻo ia kona ʻano maʻamau.
ʻO ka kāmaʻa aie i ka inoa o ka ciliate i ke ʻano o kona kino i ke ʻano o ka wāwae
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka papa, a he nui nā mea parasite, he nui a ʻano like ʻole, aia i loko o ka wai a me ka lepo, a me nā ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā holoholona: nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, i loko o ko lākou mau ʻōpū, nā aʻa a me nā ʻōnaehana holo.
Mālama nui ʻia nā pahee i nā kino wai pāpaʻu me ka wai stagnant mālie, ke hoʻolako ʻia ka nui o nā mea hoʻohiolo kūlohelohe i kēia ʻano: nā mea kanu wai, nā meaola make i make, ka silt maʻamau.
ʻOiai kahi aquarium home hiki ke lilo i wahi kūpono no ko lākou ola, hiki wale ke ʻike a nānā pono i kēlā mau holoholona ma lalo wale nō o kahi microscope, e lawe ana i ka wai waiwai silt ma ke ʻano he prototype. ʻO kahi hale kūʻai microscope maikaʻi ʻo Macromed e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i kahi microscope e ʻike ai i ka infusoria.
Nā kāmaʻa Infusoria – protozoa nā meaola ola, i kāhea ʻia i kekahi ala ʻē aʻe: caudate paramecia, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he liʻiliʻi loa ia, a ʻo kā lākou nui he 1 a 5 mau hapaʻumi wale nō o ka millimeter.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kaʻawale lākou, ʻaʻohe kala i ke kala, nā hunaola olaola, nā organelles o loko ʻelua mau nukelea, i kapa ʻia: ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi.
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻia kiʻi o nā kāmaʻa ciliates, ma ka papa waho o ia mau meaola microscopic, aia, aia i loko o nā lālani longitudinal, nā hana liʻiliʻi loa, i kapa ʻia ʻo cilia, nā ʻano neʻe no nā kāmaʻa.
Nui ka helu o kēlā mau wāwae liʻiliʻi a mai ka 10 a 15 tausani, ma ke kumu o kēlā me kēia mea he kino basal pili, a ma kahi kokoke e loaʻa ana kahi ʻeke parakona, i huki ʻia e kahi membrane pale.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka kāmaʻa ciliate, ʻoiai ka maʻalahi o ka maʻalahi ma kahi ninaninau papahele, he nui nā pilikia. Ma waho, pale ʻia kēlā ʻano hīnaʻi hele wāwae e ka iwi lahilahi lahilahi, nāna e kōkua i kona kino e mālama i kahi ʻano mau. A ʻo nā olonā kākoʻo pale i kū i ka papa o ka cytoplasm mānoanoa e pili ana i ka membrane.
ʻO kāna cytoskeleton, me ka hoʻohui i nā mea āpau i luna, nā: microtubules, alveolar cisterns; nā kino basal me ka cilia a me nā mea kokoke, ʻaʻohe o lākou; nā fibril a me nā filamens, a me nā organelles ʻē aʻe. Mahalo i ka cytoskeleton, a ʻokoʻa i kahi ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka protozoa - amoeba, slipper infusoria hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i ke kinona o ke kino.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o nā kāmaʻa ciliates
ʻO kēia mau mea microscopic ma ka neʻe mau ʻana e like me ka neʻe ʻana, e loaʻa ana ka wikiwiki ma kahi o ʻelua a me ka hapalua millimeter i kēlā me kēia kekona, a no ia mea he 5-10 mau manawa ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino.
Ke neʻe nei i nā kāmaʻa ciliates lawe ʻia e ka welelau welau i mua, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka maʻa o ka huli ʻana i ke axis o kona kino ponoʻī.
ʻO ka kāmaʻa, e wīwī wīwī ana i kona mau wāwae cilia a hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi iā lākou i ko lākou wahi, hana e like me nā mea o ka neʻe e like me ka hoe ma ka moku. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka helu o ia mau hahau ʻana he pinepine pinepine ma kahi o ʻekolu mau kakini mau manawa i kekona.
No nā organelles o loko o ka kāmaʻa, pili ka nucleus nui o nā cili i ka metabolism, ka neʻe, ka hanu a me ka meaʻai, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi ke kuleana no ka hana hānau.
Hana ʻia ka hanu ʻana o kēia mau mea maʻalahi loa e like me kēia: oxygen ma o nā integuments o ke kino e komo i ka cytoplasm, kahi me ke kōkua o kēia mea kemika, oxidized a hoʻohuli ʻia nā meaola a lilo i carbon dioxide, wai a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe.
A ʻo ka hopena o kēia mau hopena, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ikehu, i hoʻohana ʻia e ka microorganism no kona ola. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, lawe ʻia ka carbon dioxide weliweli mai ke kelepona ma o kāna mau papa.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kāmaʻa infusoria, ma ke ʻano he lumi ola microscopic, i loko o ka hiki o kēia mau meaola liʻiliʻi e pane i ke kaiapuni kūwaho: nā ʻenekini a me nā kemika, ka ona, wela a me nā kukui.
Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, neʻe lākou i nā hōʻiliʻili o nā bacteria e hoʻokō i kā lākou hana nui a me ka meaʻai, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā huna huna o kēia mau microorganism e hoʻokau i nā ciliate e ʻau aku iā lākou.
Hana pū nā kāmaʻa i ka wai paʻakai, kahi e wikiwiki ai lākou e haʻalele, akā makemake lākou e neʻe i ke ala o ka mehana a me ka māmā, akā ʻokoʻa. euglena, slipper infusoria no laila ʻaʻohe ona maka maka maʻalahi.
ʻO ka hānai slipper infusorian
ʻO nā pūnaewele kanu a me nā ʻano bacteria i loaʻa i ka nui i loko o ka wai wai i hoʻokumu i ke kumu hoʻolako i nā kāmaʻa ciliates... A ke hoʻokō nei ʻo ia i kēia kaʻina me ke kōkua o kahi puka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kahi ʻano waha e omo i ka meaʻai a laila komo i ka pharynx cellular.
A mai iā ia i loko o ka digestive vacuumole - kahi organoid kahi e ʻeli ʻia ai ka meaʻai meaola. Mālama ʻia nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia no hoʻokahi hola ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi acidic a laila kahi ʻano alkaline.
Ma hope o kēlā, lawe ʻia ka mea momona e nā kahe o ka cytoplasm i nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kino o ka ciliate. A hemo ka ʻōpala i waho ma o kahi ʻano hoʻokumu - he pauka, a kau ʻia ma hope o ka waha e hāmama ana.
I nā ciliates, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka nui o ka wai i loko o ke kino ma o nā vakuile i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua a ma hope o kēia hoʻokumu ʻokanika. Hōʻiliʻili lākou ʻaʻole wale ka wai, akā hoʻowahāwahā i nā mea. Ke hōʻea kā lākou helu i kāna waiwai nui, ninini lākou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO ke kaʻina hana kope o ia mau meaola ola ʻelua e pili ana i ka moekolohe a me ka moekolohe, a ʻo ke kekona liʻiliʻi e hoʻopili pololei a komo pū i ka hana kope i nā hihia ʻelua.
He mea mua loa ka hānau ʻana o ka moekolohe a kū ʻia ma o ka mahele maʻamau o ka meaola i ʻelua, i like like me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. I ka hoʻomaka mua o ke kaʻina hana, hana ʻelua mau mea nui i loko o ke kino o ka ciliate.
A laila aia he mahele i loko o kahi mau keena kaikamahine, loaʻa i kekahi o ia mau ʻāpana lole pahee clogates organoid, a he aha ka mea e nalowale nei i kēlā me kēia meaola hou i hana hou ʻia, kahi e hiki ai i kēia mau maʻalahi ke hoʻokō i kā lākou hana ola i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka moekolohe, hoʻomaka pinepine kēia mau mea microscopic e hana kope wale i nā hihia kūikawā. Hiki ke hana i kēia me ka hanana koke o nā kūlana hoʻoweliweli i ke ola, no ka laʻana, me kahi paʻi anuanu koi a i ʻole me ka nele o ka meaʻai.
A ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia o ke kaʻina hana i hōʻike ʻia, i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i nā microorganism ʻelua e komo ana i ka launa ʻana ke lilo i cyst, e komo ana i kahi ʻano o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana o ke ʻano animas, i hiki ai i ke kino ke noho i nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole no kahi wā lōʻihi lōʻihi, a hala nā makahiki he ʻumi. Akā ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, he wā pōkole ka makahiki o nā ciliate, a, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke noho i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi lā.
I ka wā o ka hānau kolohe ʻana, pili like ʻelua mau microorganism no kekahi manawa, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻohele hou ʻia ʻana o nā mea kūlohelohe, a ʻo ka hopena e hoʻonui ai ka hiki o nā mea ʻelua.
Kāhea ʻia kēlā mokuʻāina e nā ʻepekema conjugation a hoʻomau no ma kahi o ka hapalua lā. I loko o kēia hoʻohele hou ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻonui ka helu o nā hunaola, akā hoʻololi wale ʻia ka ʻike hoʻoilina ma waena o lākou.
I ka pili ʻana o ʻelua mau meaola ma waena o lākou, hemo ka pūpale pale a nalowale, a puka aʻe kahi uapo hoʻohui. A laila nalowale nā mea nui o nā hunaola ʻelua, a hoʻokaʻawale pālua nā mea liʻiliʻi.
No laila, ʻehā mau nukelea hou e kū aʻe. Eia kekahi, pau lākou āpau, koe hoʻokahi, e luku ʻia, a mahele hou ʻia ka hope i ʻelua. Kū ka hoʻololi o nā koina i koe ma ke alahaka cytoplasmic, a mai nā mea i loaʻa, nā nūhou i hānau hou ʻia, nā mea nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi hoʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ciliates kekahi i kekahi.
ʻO nā meaola maʻalahi i hana i ka pōʻaiapuni āpau o ke ola kā lākou hana, kāmaʻa kāmaʻa infusoria luku i nā ʻano koʻohune a lawelawe lākou iā lākou iho i meaʻai no nā meaola holoholona liʻiliʻi invertebrate. I kekahi manawa hānai ʻia kēia mau protozoa i meaʻai no ka ʻai o kekahi iʻa iʻa.
