Pelicans (lat. ʻEwalu wale nō mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ke ʻano Pelican, kahi o nā ʻano ʻelua e noho nei i ko mākou ʻāina.
Wehewehe Pelika
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Pelicans nā manu nui loa i kā lākou papa.... I kēia lā, pili kēia ʻano i nā laha e pani ʻia e:
- Pelikani Australia (P. connsillatus);
- Pelican Curly (P. crisрus);
- ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Pelika (P. Rossidentalis);
- Pelikani keʻokeʻo ʻAmelika (P. erythrоrhynchоs);
- Pelikani ʻulaʻula (P. оnоtаlus);
- Pelican i kākoʻo ʻia i ka poni (Р.rufesesns);
- Pelikani hina (P. philipprensis);
- Pelecanus thagus.
ʻO nā ʻano āpau o ka ʻohana Pelican a me ka genus Pelican e noho ana ma nā latitude temperate, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me he mau manu neʻe.
Helehelena
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pelican makua he 1.3-1.8 m, me ka nui o 7-14 kg. ʻO ke ʻano a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka manu he ʻano nui loa ia o ka Pelesnidae a kūlou ʻia e kahi kino clumsy, akā nui loa, eheu nui, nā wāwae pōkole a manoanoa me ka membrane ākea ma waena o nā manamana wāwae, a me kahi huelo pōkole a pōʻai. Lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī o ka manu a ulu maikaʻi. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nuku ma mua o 46-47 cm i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, me kahi lou ʻano ma ka wēlau.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo o ka nuku o ka pelican i ke ʻano o ka ʻeke ʻili paʻa loa i hoʻohana ʻia e ka manu e hopu i nā iʻa like ʻole. Hoʻokuʻu ka plumage o kahi pelikani, hoʻokuʻu liʻiliʻi i ke kino. "ʻOmi" ka hulu i ka hulu i pulu koke me ke kōkua o kona nuku. ʻO ke kala o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Pelika a me ka genus Pelican he māmā mau - keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i nā leo hina, pinepine me kahi kala ʻalani. ʻEleʻele ka hulu lele.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā pelicans āpau ka ʻike leo leo kūikawā o ka manu i ka wā o ka pūnana - kahi leo nui a kani ʻole hoʻi, a ʻo ke koena o ka manawa, hāmau nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia genus.
ʻO ka nuku a me nā ʻāpana olohelohe o ke poʻo he kala ʻōniʻoniʻo, keu hoʻi e ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau moʻo. ʻO nā hulu i ka hope o ke poʻo e hana pinepine i kahi ʻano o ka piko. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kala ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pelican ʻōpio e ka pala eleele a i ʻole hina hina.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻAʻohe hierarchy koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i nā ʻohana o ka pelicans. He ola ia i loko o kahi ʻoihana aloha a pili loa e ʻae i nā manu wai e hāʻawi i ka palekana kūpono.
I kēlā me kēia pūʻulu aia kekahi mau mea nānā makaʻala, e hoʻomaopopo ana i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa e pili kokoke ana i ka manu, a laila hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano o ka makaʻu ʻana i ka ʻenemi. I kekahi manawa i waena o nā pelicans o ka ʻohana like, kū mai paha nā hakakā liʻiliʻi, i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka unuhi ʻana o ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kūkulu hale no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā pūnana.
Hoihoi ia! Ke lele nei, mahalo i ka nuku lōʻihi a kaumaha hoʻi, mālama nā pelika i ko lākou ʻāʻī i ke kūlana o ka huapalapala S, i like ke ʻano me ka herona a me ka marabou.
ʻO nā hakakā pinepine ʻole ma waena o kekahi mau lālā o ka genus Pelican e hōʻike ana i ke kaua o nā hoa paio e hoʻohana ana i nā nuku nui... No ka hemo ʻana, pono e hoʻolako ʻia kahi manu nui nui me kahi holo maikaʻi maikaʻi. Hiki i nā Pelicans ke lele i ka lewa no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻohana ana i nā ea o ka ea no kēia kumu. I ka wā o nā mokulele mamao, he paʻakikī loa ia no ke alakaʻi, nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka holo o ka holo a ka hipa holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā manu alakaʻi, i ka wā o ka lele o ka ʻohana, pani i kekahi i kekahi ma nā manawa maʻamau.
Ehia mau pelika e ola nei
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki i nā pelicans ke ola a kanakolu mau makahiki, ma muli o nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa a me ka pau ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. I ka nahelehele, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kali ʻana o ke ola o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Pelicans.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻIke ʻia nā pelicans Australiia ma ʻō a puni ʻo Australia a me New Guinea, a ma komohana Indonesia. ʻO nā mea hōʻea hoʻokahi i loaʻa nā hihia o ke kū ʻana o ka pelikani Australia, i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma Nūhōlani, ma nā mokupuni ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika.
Hoihoi ia! Ma Australia, ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ʻano pelicans i ka wai hou a kokoke paha i kahakai, a me nā wahi pohō nui a me nā estuaries, i uka o nā kino wai kūlohelohe a me nā wahi mokupuni kahakai.
ʻO Dalmatian pelicans (Pelesanus crispus) noho i nā wahi loko paʻakikī a hōʻea i lalo, a me nā kahawai delta, i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea kanu wai nui. I kekahi manawa kau ka manu ma luna o nā waihona wai me ka wai paʻakai a ma nā wahi mokupuni liʻiliʻi i ulu iki. ʻO kekahi o nā lehulehu nui loa o ka pelikani ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻAmelika pelika keʻokeʻo (Pelesanus erythrоrhynchоs) i ʻike ʻia ma ka Loko ʻo Aptekarsky ma ka mokuʻāina ʻAmelika o Montana i nā makahiki he kanakolu i hala. Noho nā pelicans ʻeleʻele ʻAmelika (Pelesanus ossidalentalis) i nā mokupuni maloʻo a me nā wao akua haʻalele i ke kahakai ʻo Chile, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kahi papa mika mika he nui i kēlā mau ʻāpana.
ʻO ka mahele hoʻokaʻawale o ka Pink Pelican (Pelesanus onocrotalus) e ka ʻaoʻao Hema o ʻEulopa a me ʻApelika, a ʻo Anterior, Central a me Southwest Asia. Noho ka pelican hina (Pelesanus philipprensis) i nā panalāʻau o Hikina Hema a me ʻAkia Hema, a ʻo nā pūnana pū kekahi mai Indonesia a ʻInia, makemake i nā loko papau.
ʻO nā pelicans i kākoʻo ʻia e Pink (Relesnus rufessens) pūnana i ka lacustrine a me nā wahi pohopoho ma waena o ʻApelika-Sahara ʻApelika, Madagascar, a me ka hema o ʻAlapia. ʻO nā kolone Nesting o nā lunamakaʻāinana he nui o ka pelican backed pelican i makemake e waiho ʻia i nā kumulāʻau, me nā baobabs.
ʻAi Pelika
Hōʻike ka papaʻai nui o nā pelicans e nā iʻa, kahi i hopu ʻia e nā manu e ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ko lākou mau poʻo ma lalo o ka wai.... Aia i loko o ka wai e hopu ai nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Pelicans i ka mea pio me ko lākou nuku e piʻi kokoke ana i luna. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nuku o ka pelican e ka ʻike maikaʻi wale, i ʻae ʻia ai ka manu e ʻike maʻalahi i ka meaʻai na ia i ke kolamu wai. Ma ka nuku o nā pelicans aia kekahi lou kūikawā, kūlou i lalo, ma muli o kahi e mālama pono ʻia ai nā mea paheʻe.
Hoʻopau ʻia ka mea pio i hāhola ʻia me ka wili ʻana o ke poʻo i ka poʻo. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻeke puʻu pelika e ka manu e mālama ai i ka meaʻai. Mālama wale kēia ʻāpana o ka nuku no ka paʻa ʻana o ka iʻa no ka manawa pōkole. ʻO nā Pelicans, nā kamaʻāina o nā kino wai paʻakai, hiki ke hoʻohana i ko lākou nuku e ʻohiʻohi i ka wai ua ua.
Hoihoi ia! Ke loaʻa koke ka iʻa i ka iʻa i kona nuku, pani ʻo ia iā ia a kaomi i ka ʻāpana o ka pahu, a huli ke alo i ka ʻāʻī.
Hele wale nā Pelicans i ka hopu holoholona, akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻākoakoa i nā pūʻā hipa, a nunui loa i kekahi manawa. Hoʻopuni ʻia ke kula iʻa i ʻike ʻia e kahi hui manu, a ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka mea pio i kahakai. Hoʻopiʻi nui nā Pelicans i kēlā manawa i ka wai me ko lākou mau ʻēheu, a ma hope iho ua hopu ʻia ka iʻa i hiki ke maʻalahi loa ʻia me kona nuku. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā gull, nā cormorants a me nā terns ke hui pū i ka huli holoholona. I ke ao, ʻai ka pelikani i kahi keu o ka iʻa o ka iʻa i hopu hou ʻia.
Ma waho aʻe o ka iʻa, ʻo ka papaʻai a nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Pelican a me ka genus Pelican e hoʻonui ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa me nā ʻano crustacean, nā amphibians makua a me nā ʻenuhe, a me nā ʻōpio o nā honu liʻiliʻi.
ʻAe ʻae lākou e ʻae i nā manu a hānai mai nā kānaka. I ke ʻano o ka hemahema i haʻi ʻia no ka meaʻai maʻamau, hiki i nā mākua a me nā pelicans nui ke hopu i nā ʻāpō a i nā ʻūlū, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hahau i ka mea pio mai kekahi ʻano manu manu ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
No ke kumu o ka hana hou ʻia e pelicans, hana ʻia nā kolone nui, a ʻo ka helu o kekahi i kekahi manawa i kanahā tausani kānaka. Lawe ʻia ka pūnana e nā manu i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki a pili i ke aniau i ka wahi noho. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui manu i hoʻokahi kau. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau moʻo, hoʻololi ke kala ʻana o ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī a me ka nuku a loaʻa i kahi malu ʻalani a me nā wahi polū a me ke kala melemele chrome.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- ʻO Marabou ʻApelika
- ʻO Kitoglav a i ʻole Royal Heron
ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele diagonal ma ke kumu o ka nuku. Ma mua o ke kaʻina moena, he wā lōʻihi ko ka pelicans, a ma hope e hele ka wahine a me ke kāne e kūkulu i kahi pūnana.
Kūkulu nā ʻano nui o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Pelican a me ka genus Pelican i ko lākou mau pūnana ma ka honua wale nō, e hoʻohana ana no kēia kumu i nā lua i ʻeli ʻia e nā wahine, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā lālā a me nā ʻōmole kahiko. Hiki i nā ʻano pelicans liʻiliʻi ke pūnana pololei ma nā lāʻau e ulu kokoke ana i nā kino wai. Hana ʻia nā pūnana e nā wahine wale nō, akā lawe mai nā kāne i nā mea no kēia. Kūkulu pinepine kekahi mau hui manu i hoʻokahi pūnana maʻamau.
Hoʻokahi a i ʻekolu mau hua manu polū a melemele paha ka paʻa o ka wahine... Hoʻokomo ka wahine a me nā kāne i ka incubation o nā keiki no 35 mau lā. Hānai pū nā mākua ʻelua i nā pua i ʻike ʻia. He nuku nui a nunui nā maka o nā keiki hānau hou, a ʻike wale ʻia kā lākou fluff ma ka ʻumi o ka lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka dimorphism moekolohe ma nā pelicans he nāwaliwali loa ia, akā ʻo nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kala i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kāne.
Haʻalele pinepine ʻo Chicks i ka pūnana i ka makahiki he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau pule, ma muli o nā hui like a like a nui a me nā "nursery" i hoʻokumu ʻia ai. Kūʻokoʻa nā Pelicans i ka makahiki ʻelua wale nō.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe nui o nā ʻenemi o ka pelicans, i wehewehe ʻia e ka nui loa o ia mau manu. Hoʻouka pinepine ʻia kahi manu makua e nā crocodiles wale nō, a hiki i nā moa ke lilo i mau ʻalopeke, nā hyenas a me kekahi mau manu ʻio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna nui o nā pelicans i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ākea ana ʻo DDT i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, a me kekahi mau pesticides ikaika. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā pesticides me nā meaʻai i hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino o nā manu a ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu kumu o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia i kā lākou mau hōʻailona momona.
ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi e hopohopo nei i kēia manawa nā heluna kanaka o ka pelican Australia (Pelecanus conspicillatus), ka pelican keʻokeʻo ʻAmelika (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) a me ka pelican brown Pelican (Pelecanus ossidentalis), ka Pink pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalis) a me Rosov Pākuʻi ʻia nā mea maʻalahi i ka Curly Pelican (Relesnus crispus). ʻO ka Grey Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) a me Pelecanus thagus kahi kokoke loa i nā ʻano nāwaliwali i kēia lā.
