Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻAʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o nā kamaʻāina o kēia au ke ʻike a hoʻokaʻawale i ka hapa nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona Lūkini - ʻike ka poʻe āpau i nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā lū
I kēia manawa, nui nā manu liʻiliʻi he nui, i nā mea e pono ai e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me "ka nui o kahi manu liʻiliʻi" a i ʻole "ʻano liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi", ma nā ululāʻau Lūkia a me nā māla. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau manu maʻamau, akā ʻike ʻole ʻia. yurok (aiʻole wili).
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka ʻepekema o ka inoa o ka finch: no ka ʻohana o nā finches ka finch, a he nui nā ʻano. Kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano he finch a me kekahi mau wehewehe hou aʻe, no ka laʻana, "alpine finch", "Himalayan finch" a pēlā aku.
Kāhea ʻia ʻo Yurk ʻo ka manu maʻamau a kamaʻāina wale nō o ka ʻohana ma ʻEulopa a me Lūkia. ʻOiai e holo pinepine ke kūkā kamaʻilio e pili ana iā ia, e hoʻohana pū mākou i kēia inoa.
ʻO ka inoa Lākina no Yurka ʻo Fringilla montifringilla, hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "finch mauna". He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia: ʻo ka yurok ka mea pili loa o ka finch, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, makemake nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana finch e noho i nā kuahiwi.
ʻOiai ka ʻike haʻahaʻa, yurok - manu me kahi hiʻohiʻona helehelena. ʻO ka hope, ka huelo luna a me ke poʻo o kēia mau manu ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū a me nā kaha ma ka huelo, a me ka umauma a me nā poʻohiwi i ka ocher a i ʻole ʻalani.
Ma nā ʻeheu, nā kaha ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻalani-ʻulaʻula me nā māka keʻokeʻo ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā kāne mākua ma mua o 3 mau makahiki o ka ʻulaʻula o nā kala, keu hoʻi i ke kau mahana: he ʻalani, ʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo nā leo o nā plumage i māʻona a hana i nā wahi ʻokoʻa. Nānā nā kāne a me nā wahine ʻōpio, ʻaʻole hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā kiko kala a holo pono i kekahi i kekahi.
I ka hoʻoilo, mae wale kekahi mau kāne makua. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka hulu mai nā manu liʻiliʻi: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka manu he 14 - 16 cm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 25 g. ʻOi ke ʻano o ke kumukānāwai o nā lālā, ua hoʻopuni ʻia ke kino, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma mua o ka passerine.
I waho, he ʻano like ka chaffinch me kahi umauma. Maʻalahi loa e huikau i kēia mau manu ma muli o ka hana pinepine ʻana i nā hipa hui i kahi o nā ʻano ʻelua. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kāne mākua o ka umauma mai kahi finch, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻalani alani ʻalani i ka plumage o ka hope. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahine a me nā kāne ʻōpio o ka hulu e kahi poʻo ʻeleʻele (me ka ʻole o nā papalina ʻulaʻula a me kahi pāpale me kahi aniani bluish, ʻano o nā finches).
Ke mele nei ʻo Yurk ʻaʻole euphonic loa. ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i nā roulades lōʻihi, ʻano kolohe a paʻakikī kona leo. E hōʻike i kēia i nā leka, e like me ka hana mau ʻana, he hana mahalo ʻole. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻopuka ka yurok i ke kani maʻamau no nā manu liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole ke kani ʻana (ʻano like me nā ʻūhini, akā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki).
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he yurok a finch kahi mea kaʻawale a hoʻokahi ʻano i koe i hoʻololi ʻole i loko o kāna wahi noho. Akā he nui nā finches i ka honua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pili loa lākou āpau i ka brisk maoli. Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, i ka hoʻohui o kēia wikiwiki, aia:
- ʻO Siberian, a i ʻole mauna Siberian, finch, kahi, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, noho i Siberia a me ka Hikina hikina. ʻAno ʻole ke nānā aku he aha ke ʻano o ka manu yurok: ʻoi aku ka pouli, ʻaʻohe ʻalani ma ka umauma. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka manu ponoʻī.
- Alpine, a i ʻole ka hau, finch - i Lūkia hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia ma Caucasus a me Altai. ʻEleʻele-hina ke kala, me ka ʻole o nā ʻalani.
- ʻO ka Himalayan finch like ia me ka Alpine finch, akā ma Rūsia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi: pili kona pae i ko mākou ʻāina ma ka lihi loa, ma ka Teritori Altai.
- ʻO ka mōʻī, a i ʻole korolkovy, finch paha ka nani loa o nā finches o ka pīlali home. ʻO ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o lākou (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi), akā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke nānā aku iā ia: e kū ana kahi pāpale ʻulaʻula ʻālohilohi ma luna o kona poʻo i ka pouli, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele o nā ʻōpala, kahi nona ka inoa i ka manu Ma Rūsia, loaʻa kēia finch ma North Caucasus, Teritori Stavropol a ma ka hema o Teritori ʻo Krasnodar.
ʻO nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, i ka inoa luna nona ka huaʻōlelo "finch" e noho nei, e noho ana ma ka hema o Lūkia. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā wahi āpau ma ʻAsia, ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika, a ma ka nui hoʻi o nā mokupuni o ka Moana Honua. ʻO nā mea kaulana paha o kēia mau mea ʻo Galapagos finches, hopena i nā mokupuni komohana o ʻAmelika Hema.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema ma waena o 13 mau ʻano o nā Galapagos finches. Ua iho mai lākou mai kahi kūpuna maʻamau mai, akā, i ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou iho i kahi kaʻawale o ka mokupuni, ua haku lākou i nā pule kaiāulu like ʻole a loaʻa i ka loea kūpono: i kēia manawa ʻokoʻa kēia mau finches i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ko lākou nuku, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o kā lākou papaʻai a me nā ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā finches Galapagos kekahi o nā impulses i alakaʻi iā Charles Darwin e hana i kāna kumumanaʻo kaulana o ke koho kūlohelohe i ke kumu o nā laha.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻo Yurok ma Lūkia - mai ka Baltic a hiki i Kamchatka. Kūlike pū kona wahi me ke kāʻei ulu o Lūkia. Ua haku ka manu i nā ululāʻau coniferous a deciduous, akā, inā hiki, makemake i nā mea deciduous, me ka predominance o ka birch.
ʻO ka nohona o kahi yurk kahi ʻano maʻamau no kahi manu nahele liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea nui, aloha ʻo ia i ka lihi o ka ululāʻau me nā nāhelehele ulu lāʻau a me ka nui o ka lā. Manaʻo ka manu i ka lewa (lele ka lele o kahi yurk, wikiwiki, a maʻalahi hoʻi me ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻēheu pōkole me ka lele pinepine ʻana o nā ʻeheu a me nā lele pōkole), a ma ka honua (ʻaʻole like me nā manu liʻiliʻi, hiki ʻole i kahi yurk ke neʻe wale i nā lele wale nō, akā ʻanuʻu kikiki.
I ke kūlohelohe, loaʻa nā hulu i kēlā me kēia a i nā holoholona. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā mau pūʻā hipa ke hoʻopili wale i nā moa wale nō, akā pili pū kekahi i nā manu e like me lākou - no ka laʻana, nā finches, a i kekahi manawa nā manu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ʻiʻo.
Akā, e like me nā loiloi o ka poʻe makemake e mālama i nā manu mele, i ke pio ʻana, lilo ka yurok i mea hakakā a hiki ke hōʻeuʻeu i nā manu ʻē aʻe - keu hoʻi i ka mālama ʻia ʻana i loko o kahi paʻa o ka hīnaʻi (no ka maʻamau o ka huki ʻana i nā hulu o nā hoalauna i ka wā o ka hakakā, ua kāhea ka mea hopu manu i ka yurka "kahu lauoho").
ʻAʻole ʻae kahi ʻano huhū, huhū wela i ka brisk e hoʻokau maʻalahi me ka paʻa a me ka neʻe palena ʻia. ʻAe ʻoluʻolu kēia mau manu e hoʻonohonoho a hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻauʻau one no lākou.
Manu hoʻoilo a yirok paha? Akā, he neʻe ia, akā ʻaʻole ia e lele i kahi mamao loa: me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hupulu nā mea wikiwiki i nā hipa nui a neʻe i ka palena hema o kā lākou pae a hele aku i ka hema o ʻEulopa, i Turkey, Central Asia, Kina a me Korea.
Ma ka palena hema o ka wahi nahele, hiki i kekahi mau pūʻulu jurks ke noho no ka hoʻoilo. E hoʻomaopopo he pili pono ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka brisk maoli. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manu o ka ʻohana finch ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka lawehala.
Meaʻai kūpono
Maʻalahi ke kuhi mai ka nuku lahilahi a wīwī ʻo kēia manu he insectivorous nui. Hiki iā ia ke hopu i ka mea pio i ka lewa, e hana ana i nā maneuvers dizzying i ke alualu ʻana i nā midges lele, akā ʻoi aku ka makemake e ʻai i ka honua a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau. Hāʻawi ka maka maka iā ʻoe e loaʻa me ka wiwo ʻole i ka mauʻu mauʻu, a nā wāwae hoʻomohala maikaʻi e ʻae iā ʻoe e hopu koke a hopu iā ia.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kau palena ʻia ka hānai ʻana i ka palaoa me nā meaʻai holoholona. I kāna papaʻai aia nō kekahi mau ʻanoʻano (e like me nā cereala, rapeseed a me maple a me lehu), a me nā greens. Inā hiki, leʻaleʻa ka Yurok i nā ʻano pua sunflower, ka palaoa a me ka rai me ka leʻaleʻa.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i helu ʻia i waena o nā manu - nā mea ʻino o nā mea kanu mahiʻai: ke nānā ʻia nei ia i nā mea kolo a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi wale nō ka theoretically, lawe mai ia i ka pōʻino i ka mahiʻai ma mua o ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea aloha melebird nāna i mālama ka ʻūlū i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana e hoʻomaopopo i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka meaʻai. Hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole o nā pepelu inā hoʻolako ʻia ʻo ia me kahi ʻano o nā cereal, nā nati a me nā meaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka koke ka manawa hānau ma Yurks ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai ka hoʻoilo - i ka hopena o ʻApelila - Mei mua. He monogamous nā manu no hoʻokahi kau; Inā mau ka paʻa o nā kāne i ka wā puna e noho pono kekahi i kekahi i ko lākou ola āpau, ʻaʻole maopopo i nā ornithologists.
I ke kau moʻo, loaʻa i ka umauma kāne ke kala ʻulaʻula. Maʻalahi ke hōʻoia ʻoiai ma ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana o nā manu ʻokoʻa i nā kiʻi paʻi ma ka Pūnaewele: inā yurok i ke kiʻi nani loa, me ka plumage ʻokoʻa - ke ʻano o ia kiʻi ʻia ʻo ia i ka hopena o ka puna - hapa mua o ke kauwela; inā nānā aku ʻoi aku ka mae, ʻo ia he wahine a he kāne paha ma hope o ka molt o ʻAukake.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe loea i ke koho pono ʻana o kēia mau manu i kahi no ka pūnana. ʻO ka pūnana o Yurk ʻike mau ʻia ma kahi ulu mānoanoa a i ʻole ka lei aliʻi o kahi kumulāʻau, akā ma kahi mamao mai nā kumu ʻelua a me ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka lei aliʻi.
Mahalo i kēia predator, paʻakikī e ʻike a paʻakikī e kiʻi. ʻO ka mamao mai ka honua maʻa mau he 2 a 5 mau mika, akā i loko o nā mānoanoa nunui o nā nāhelehele, hiki ke waiho i ka pūnana ma lalo loa.
He ʻano hīnaʻi ko ka pūnana a ulana mai ka mauʻu o ka mauʻu maloʻo a me nā limu. Hana pinepine ka wahine i ke kūkulu ʻana. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā hua. Eia nō naʻe, kokoke mau ke kāne a komo i ka pale a me ka hānai ʻana o nā keiki keʻa.
I ka paʻa - mai 3 a 6, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 7, nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā kiko liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kahi o 12 mau lā. Nā pīpī Yurka uhi ʻia ka hatch me ka fluff a nele i ka mea kōkua ʻole, akā ulu koke lākou a haʻalele i ka pūnana i ʻelua pule o ko lākou makahiki.
Hānai nui nā mākua iā lākou i ka meaʻai holoholona - nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā nananana a me nā ilo. Hoʻomaka nā ʻōpio yurks i ko lākou ola kūʻokoʻa i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina a ʻoi iki paha - ma ka hopena o Iune.
Ma hope o ka mālama pono ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻulu keiki, hiki i ko lākou mau mākua ke hana i ka lua - he lawa ka manawa no lākou e hoʻoulu ai i nā hua a hoʻoulu i nā keiki. Akā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia mau. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine ka wahine i ka lua o ka lāʻā paʻa inā luku ʻia ka pūnana mua e nā mea ʻino a i ʻole ka hoʻouka kaua kanaka.
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ke ola o ka hulu, e like me nā manu mele ʻē aʻe, kaupalena ʻia e nā mea kūwaho: he nui nā manu, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻōpio a me ka ʻike ʻole, i lilo i mea pio no ka poʻe predators i ka makahiki mua o ke ola.
ʻIke, ma ka awelika, noho nā hihiu ahiu i 3 - 5 mau makahiki, kākaʻikahi ka lōʻihi. I ke pio ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā makaʻi kūlohelohe, me ka mālama maikaʻi, ola paha ka umauma i 15 mau makahiki, a e like me kekahi mau hōʻike, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Hiki i ka manu ke oo piha a me ka heyday ma 2 - 3 mau makahiki, ʻoiai hiki i nā keiki ke hānau i hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻO Yurok kekahi o nā mea hoʻonaninani maoli o ka avifauna, kahi manu ʻole, mālamalama a hoihoi hoʻi i kāna ʻano. Pono ia i ke ʻano akahele a me ka mahalo - keu hoʻi i ka wā o ka pūnana, no ka mea, no ka makaʻu, ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻi kahi manu i kipaku ʻia mai ka pūnana mai iā ia.
