Hoʻohui ʻia nā predator canine e kahi inoa maʻamau ʻīlio hae, nona ka kumu Lākina e pili pū me ka wehewehe Roma kahiko o ka "wolf gula". Hōʻike ka ʻike o ka mōʻaukala i ka hoʻolaha ākea ma nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻApelika. Hōʻike ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka māmala i nā ʻano hoihoi o kahi mea ʻino, kahi ʻano o ke ola.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana canine, he holoholona liʻiliʻi nā ʻīlio ʻīlio, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ʻīlio hae. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 80-130 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 25-30 cm, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea make he 40-45 cm. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻīlio hae he 8-12 kg.
Hoʻohālikelike ke ʻano me ka ʻīlio hae wīwī - kahi kino manoanoa me nā wāwae lahilahi. ʻO Jackal i ke kiʻi mau me kahi huelo e hāʻule ana, ʻo ka nui o ia mea ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Ke kau nei ka huelo mānoanoa a huluhulu i ka honua.
Poʻo poʻo kuʻi liʻiliʻi. Kuhikuhi ka waha o ka holoholona. Kū aʻe nā pepeiao. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā holoholona, kōkua ia e ʻike i nā rodents liʻiliʻi i ka mauʻu mānoanoa. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻiʻo ʻoi e ʻūlū i ka ʻili mānoanoa. ʻO nā maka me nā irises ʻeleʻele.
Nā wāwae lōʻihi, ma mua a ma hope, ʻaneʻane like ka lōʻihi. E like me nā canine ʻē aʻe, ʻīlio hae - holoholona manamana lima. ʻO nā ʻūlū o mua o nā mea hōkai ʻelima mau manamana wāwae, ʻehā nā wāwae o ka hope. Pōkole nā kui.
Manuahi ka lauoho lauoho, paʻakikī. Hiki ke loli i ke kala, ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka nohona. Lanakila nā leo melemele-ʻulaʻula, a lilo i brown. ʻEleʻele ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao i ka ʻeleʻele, a ʻo ka piko o ka huelo. Puʻu, ʻōpū, wāwae o nā aka mālamalama. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa wahine i ke kala. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka hulu kauwela ma mua o ka hulu hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka ʻīlio hihiu, he holoholona leo nui ia e walaʻau ana. Hoʻōho ka predator i kahi uē nui i ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻimi holoholona, like ia me ka uē o ke keiki i nā leo kiʻekiʻe. E ʻaoa ʻo Jackal me kahi screech, nā lālā āpau o ka ʻohana a puni. Lohe ʻia nā leo walaʻau i ka pane ʻana i nā leo nui - kani pū kaʻa, kani nā bele.
Lohe nā leo o nā holoholona i ka neʻe ʻana. ʻIke ʻia ke uē nui lākou i ke anilā, keu hoʻi i ka pō, i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole e emi ai lākou. ʻO nā ʻano hana noiʻi hou e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā holoholona i kahi ʻāpana e nā kelepona.
ʻO nā ʻīlio hae, he holoholona noho wale ia me ka neʻe ʻole o ke kau. Hiki iā lākou ke neʻe iā 50-100 km mai ko lākou wahi noho mau e ʻimi ai i nā ʻāina ʻai. ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo kahi ʻīlio kāne kāne i hele i 1250 km mai kahi lua mau. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻino i nā wahi o ka make ʻana o nā bipi lehulehu e hānai i nā koena.
I nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kaona he holoholona "ʻōpala" ia. Pili ke ʻano o ka meaʻai me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā ʻīlio ʻīlio nā halihali o ka maʻi, parasites, me ka maʻi weliweli, a me nā rabies.
ʻAʻole makaʻu nā Jackal i ka poʻe, hiki iā lākou ke 20-30 mau mika kokoke. Hoʻopilikia nā mahiʻai i nā pua o nā mea ʻino, kahi e ʻahaʻaina ai ka holoholona i nā hua momona. ʻAkahi ʻo ia i nā mea āpau, ke koho ʻana i nā wai melemele pala a me nā melon. Hoʻokomo ka predator i nā holoholona o nā manu waiwai, i nā mahiʻai holoholona - ma nutria, muskrat. No nā mea i hōʻino ʻia, kī a kī i nā ʻīlio ahonui i nā pahele.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hakakā ʻana me ka ʻīlio liona, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hopu ʻana ma mua o ka ʻīlio hae a i ka ʻalopeke. Maalea loa ka holoholona, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea hahai holoholona akamai ke kūpale me ia. ʻAʻole ia e hāʻule i kahi pahele maʻalahi, hana i nā ala hoʻopunipuni, waiho i nā amateurs me ka mea ʻole. I ka hoʻoilo, makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi i hāʻule ʻole ka hau, i mea e haʻalele ʻole ai i nā meheu.
ʻAʻole kūpono ka jackal no ka hana kalepa, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻili i nā mea liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kiʻi maikaʻi ʻole o kahi holoholona me nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole he nui i ka moʻomeheu. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻo ka ʻīlio liona ke kupuna o kekahi ʻano ʻīlio, no ka mea ua hoʻomano maikaʻi ʻia e nā kānaka.
Nā ʻano
Aia he 4 ʻano o nā ʻīlio hae, like i ka helehelena, akā ʻokoʻa ka genetically.
ʻAlio ʻīlio maʻamau (ʻĀsia)... ʻO Habitat - ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, hikina hema ʻo ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, Hikina Waena. Pili ka hoʻolaha ākea o nā laha me ka manaʻo o nā loea e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o 20 mau ʻāpana, akā nui ka poʻe i hōʻole i kēia hoʻoholo. He loli ke kala i kēlā me kēia wahi o ka noho, akā ʻo ka laulā o nā kala i ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele a me nā aka ʻulaʻula. ʻEleʻele mau ka piko o ka huelo.
Ka ʻīlio hae. Ua loaʻa ka inoa ma muli o nā kaha keʻokeʻo i waena o nā ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu laulā he melemele-ʻeleʻele a hina paha. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ka hope ma mua o ka leo nui. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, he wēlau huelo keʻokeʻo kona. Noho lākou i nā savannas o ʻApelika Waena, kekahi mau wahi ma ka hikina a me ke komohana o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā wahi punahele ka mānoanoa o nā nāhelehele. ʻO ka mea ʻaihue, ʻokoʻa kona poʻe huakaʻi, makemake ʻo ia e hānai i nā mea ola.
ʻĪlio ʻīlio ʻeleʻele. Uhi ʻia ke kua a me ka huelo o ka holoholona i ka huluhulu ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, e like me ka moena huluhulu ma lalo o ka noho - lole noho. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka inoa o nā ʻano, ke kala nui o ia ʻulaʻula. Noho wale ka holoholona ma ʻApelika. Noho nā lāhui ʻelua o nā laha i ka hema a me ka hikina o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina, mai hui pū kekahi me kekahi.
ʻĪlio ʻAikupika... Noho wale ia i nā kuahiwi o ʻAitiopa. ʻO kekahi inoa o ka holoholona ʻo ka ʻīlio hae Abyssinian, ʻalopeka ʻApiopa. Ma waho, ua like ka meʻa me ka ʻīlio wāwae lōʻihi me ka poʻo ʻalopeke. He holoholona laha ʻole. ʻEleʻele ke kala o ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ke kino, ʻulaʻula ka huelo, nā ʻaoʻao, ʻulaʻula nā wāwae, a keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. ʻEleʻele ka piko o ka huelo.
ʻO ka hana o nā holoholona i ke ao, a ʻo ka mea nui o kā lākou alualu - nā rodents. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, polygamous ka poʻe mea ʻai, inā ʻaʻole lākou e ola i kahi wahi palena. Pono kahi ʻano laha ʻole i ka pale a me ka pale.
Noho ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā e ʻīlio ʻĀlika, ka mea, i hoʻokumu hou ʻia, pili pili i nā ʻīlio hae. Ua kuhi ʻia ka hewa e hoʻoponopono ʻia, e kāhea i ka holoholona he wolf gula ʻĀlika.
ʻO Controversial ka helu o ka ʻīlio hae ʻAigupita i nā ʻīlio hae. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ka holoholona he mystical no ka noho ʻana ma nā ana a me nā hale kupapaʻu. Pili ka mea ʻaihue me ka make, ka honua ma hope no ka makemake e ʻeli i nā lua kupapaʻu.
ʻAʻole ia e kāpae ʻia ka ala kuʻuna o ke kanu ʻana i nā hale kupapaʻu i ala aʻe e pale aku i ka poʻe make mai nā ʻīlio hae. ʻĪlio ʻAikupita komo paʻa i loko o nā kaʻao o ʻAigupita Kahiko. ʻO ke kiʻi o ke akua e pili ana me ka honua o ka poʻe make i ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio hae me kahi huelo e hāʻule ana.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Ma Asia ʻīlio hae - predator maʻamau loa. Mai ka waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka holoholona ma ʻEulopa. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā ma ka ʻāina ʻo Lūkia hou - ua ʻike ʻia ka helehelena ma ka ʻāina o ka Teras Krasnodar, Rostov Region, a me ka Crimean Peninsula.
Nā ʻano like ʻole ʻano o nā ʻīlio hae makemake i nā wahi ulu nui me nā mea kanu kokoke i nā kino wai, nā ululāʻau ʻohe. I nā wahi mauna, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ma 2500 mau mika. Noho pinepine i nā kahawai kahawai i waena o nā nāhelehele ʻohe. Hoʻololi maikaʻi nā holoholona i nā ʻano nohona ʻokoʻa, no laila ʻaʻohe hopohopo o ka luku i nā laha.
ʻO nā kaha i waena o nā pōhaku, nā lua i haʻalele ʻia o nā ʻino, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio hae i puʻuhonua o nā holoholona. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā niches kūlohelohe a me nā kaumaha e nā ʻīlio hae inā aia lākou ma nā wahi hiki ʻole ke hele ʻia. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi i nā holoholona e ʻeli i nā lua.
Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hana ʻia kēia e nā wahine ʻīlio pēpē. Hōʻike ʻia kahi o nā lair e nā ala e alakaʻi iā lākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka honua he nui ma ka puka komo. I nā hale hūnā, hūnā nā holoholona i ke ao, inā pilikia. Ma ke ʻano he rula, aia nā lua o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o nā kāne ʻokoʻa ma kahi kokoke.
I kekahi manawa loaʻa nā ʻīlio ʻīlio i kahi kokoke o nā wahi noho. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hele wāwae i ka pō ma nā alanui kauhale o India, Pakistan, komo i nā wahi paka, nā māla ulu ma nā alaloa.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻīlio hihiu he holoholona hihi kona nona ka wiwo ʻole ma mua o ka ʻalopeke. ʻO nā hopena weliweli e waiho i kona helehelena i nā mahi manu, nā ipu mahiʻai. ʻAʻole hoʻouka kahi holoholona hoʻokahi i ke kanaka, akā weliweli loa kahi ʻāpana liona.
ʻAiʻai Pono
He hiki kūikawā ko nā holoholona i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā ʻīlio hihiu, ʻo ia ka mammal, nā manu, nā mea kolo, nā ʻōpala o nā meaʻai, nā cereal, nā huaʻai, nā lauʻai. E like me nā ʻano meʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā holoholona i ke kalaiwa, ka hilinaʻi e hoʻonui pinepine ʻia i ka loiloi o nā holoholona. I ka nui o nā meaʻai, ʻaʻole ia i ʻoi aku ma mua o 6-10% o ka papaʻai. ʻUmeʻumeʻa ʻia nā holoholona e nā hale luku, nā ilina pipi, nā ʻāina hoʻolei, nā wahi hoʻolei meaʻai.
Hiki ke kāhea ʻia ka ʻīlio hae, ʻaʻole he mea hōʻuluʻulu wale nō, akā he mea hahai holoholona maoli nō hoʻi. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi - ʻiole, ʻiole - lilo i waiwai pio o ka mea hōkai. Hoʻolālā kūleʻa nā ʻīlio i nā ʻalā, nā muskrats, nā nutria, nā mea ʻino, a hoʻouka i nā kao kūloko, nā hipa, a me nā keiki bipi. ʻO nā manu, mai nā manu liʻiliʻi o ke kūlanakauhale, nā kuhukū kūloko i nā ʻalalā manu, nā coots he mau mea ia e nānā ai ka mea ʻaihue. ʻO nā manu neʻe i nā wahi hoʻomaha i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana e ʻeha loa mai ka mea ʻaihue. Hopu ka ʻīlio i nā mea make ma kahi e lele ai i kahi lele kiʻekiʻe.
Ma kahi o nā kino wai, loaʻa ka holoholona i nā nīnū, nā amphibians, nā rana, nā moʻo, nā mollusks, nā iʻa a me nā holoholona kai, lawe ʻia i uka e ka wai. I ka mauʻu, hopu nā ʻīlio hae i nā kolo, a hoʻoweliweli ʻo ia i ke kumu. Hoʻolohe pinepine ka mea hahai holoholona, honi, ʻaʻole e nalo i kahi kekele iki.
Hōʻike ka maʻalea o ka ʻīlio hihi i ka ukali ʻana i nā mea ʻino nui i mea e ʻahaʻaina ai i nā koena o kā lākou mea pio. Alualu pinepine lākou i nā pālua, i nā hui e hoʻokele i kā lākou mea pio i kekahi i kekahi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai nā meaʻai mea kanu. Hoʻopau nā hua momona i ka make wai o nā holoholona. ʻAi nā Jackal ma ka hawthorn, ka ʻīlio ʻīlio, ka hua waina, ka pears, nā melemele, nā ʻōmato. I ka puna, kanu nā ʻapu a me nā aʻa ʻohe i meaʻai. Hoʻopiha nā holoholona i kā lākou pono no ka inu ʻana i nā waihona like ʻole, a ma nā wahi maloʻo lākou e ʻeli ana i nā lua ma nā wahi o nā kahawai maloʻo i mea e inu ai i ka wai o ka honua.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomau nā paʻa o nā ʻīlio hae ma ko lākou ola a hiki i ka make ʻana o kā lāua hoa. ʻO ka manawa rutting ma Pepeluali a lōʻihi ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina. Ke ʻimi uē nei nā kāne i kahi pālua e uwo nui ai, e hakakā no nā wahine. Hana pū nā kāne i hana ʻia i kahi lua, komo i ka hānai keiki. Aia ka hoʻomākaukau home i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi lua a i ʻole ʻeli ʻana i kāu pono ponoʻī. ʻO ka hohonu o ka hale hoʻomaha ma kahi o 2 mau mika. Aia ka papa ma kahi huina, hoʻopau me kahi keʻena pūnana.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka ʻīlio wahine ʻĀkia he 63 mau lā. Hāpai nā lāhui ʻApelika i nā keiki a hiki i 70 mau lā. Hānau ʻia nā ʻīlio 2-4. Ua makapō nā keiki hānau hou, ʻike maka i nā lā 9-17. Hoʻomaka ka lohe ʻana o nā pēpē i loko o ʻelua mau pule, a hele i hoʻokahi mahina. E hele a maeehue ka lole palupalu ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻololi ke kala mai ka hina-ʻeleʻele i ka ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka hānai ʻana i nā pēpē me ka waiū o ka makuahine no 1.5-2 mau mahina me nā meaʻai kōkua me ka meaʻai iʻa mai 2-3 mau pule. Ua ale hou nā holoholona i ka mea pio, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi no lākou e lawe i ka meaʻai i kā lākou keiki.
Hiki i nā wahine ʻōpio ke oʻo moekolohe ma 11 mau mahina, kāne - ʻelua mau makahiki, akā aia nā pēpē me ko lākou mau mākua no kekahi manawa a 1.5-2 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā ʻīlio hae ma ke ʻano he 12-14 mau makahiki. Mālama nā mea aloha i nā ʻīlio hae i ka pio. ʻO ka mālama kūpono, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka meaʻai i ka hōʻailona o ka lōʻihi, ola nā poʻe kahiko i nā makahiki 16-17.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻīlio hae he mea kahiko ia, akā ʻaʻole i maopopo piha. ʻO ka hakakā no ke ola i koi aku i ka holoholona e hoʻololi i nā wahi like ʻole, mahalo i ka mea i koe ka ʻāpana o ka holoholona o ka honua hou.
