Aia ke kumumanaʻo o ka evolution i ka hiki ke hoʻololi. Manu Rhino hōʻoia kēia. Aia kekahi mau holoholona i ke kūlohelohe me kahi ʻano lōkiko ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kēia hoʻokahi ʻano, akā he ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kona inoa ʻepekema ʻo Bucerotidae e hoʻi i ka huaʻōlelo Helene buceri (bipi wahine a bipi paha).
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Noho nā manu o kēia ʻohana i nā tropika tropika a me nā subtropics, ma ka hema hikina o ʻAsia, ma nā mokupuni ʻo Melanesia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ko lākou laulā he hapakolu o ka nui ʻāina o ka honua. Loaʻa i nā manu āpau i kēia ʻohana nā hiʻohiʻona ʻelua a kū hoʻokahi hoʻi.
- Nuku ʻole i kaha nūnū nui ʻole ʻia. Pinepine ma ke poʻo a me ka nuku aia kahi ulu weliweli e like me ka mahiole.
Aia nā mana like ʻole o ka helehelena o kēlā nuku a me ka mahiole. Akā ʻaʻohe mea kānalua.
- Hoʻohui ʻia ka vertebrae cervical mua a me ka lua.
Hoʻokumu ʻia paha ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā vertebrae ʻelua e ka pono e uku no ka hulu o ka nuku. ʻO ke koena o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā manu i ka ʻohana kūlike me ko lākou nui a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā pae kau paona mai ka 100 gram a i ka 6 kilokilo. Lōʻihi - mai 30 kenimika a 1.2 mika.
Wingspan mai 40 mau kenimika a i 1.6 mau mika. He lako ke kino, ikaika nā ʻāpā. Hoʻohui ʻia nā manamana wāwae ma nā ʻano āpau a koe ka ʻokokeo o ʻAfelika. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kino ikaika e ka iwi ā luna a me lalo, ʻo ia ka nuku.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Hiki i ka nuku o nā kāne ke lilo i hapakolu o ka nui ma mua o ka nuku o nā hoa. ʻAʻole like ke koena o nā nui i ka nui loa: 17-20 pakeneka wale nō. Loli pū ke kala.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā laha he ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka plumage kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahine. Akā aia loa manu ʻeleʻele rhino... ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine o kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa wale nō i ke kala nuku.
Noho nā ʻano laha a pau o kēia mau manu i loko o nā ululāʻau lipolipo. Lele maikaʻi lākou, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻololi ʻia no nā holo lōʻihi a me ka wikiwiki. I ka wā lele, halulu nui nā hulu mua.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka ʻohana o kēia mau manu he ʻokoʻa a lehulehu. Loaʻa iā ia he 14 genera, i hoʻopili ʻia me 57 mau ʻano. Ua loli pinepine ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hornbills ma muli o ka paʻakikī o kā lākou aʻo ʻana, a me nā mea hou e pili ana i nā ʻike hou i loaʻa mai i ka noiʻi genetika. ʻOʻAsia Hikina Hema, e like me India, hema Kina, Indonesia, ka moku ʻo Malay Archipelago a me Melanesia e noho ʻia e:
- He kalao ʻĀkia ʻo Aceros.
He Paniolo ʻo Calao. Inoa ʻē aʻe: ʻāpana manu ʻ birdnia... Hoʻopili kēia ʻano i 5 mau ʻano manu manuahi. Noho lākou i ka mokupuni ʻo India a ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia. ʻO ka nuku, poʻo, ʻāpana o ka ʻāʻī e kala nani. Inā ʻole, lanakila nā kala ʻeleʻele. Keʻokeʻo ka huelo.
- ʻO Anorrhinus kahi kalao niho liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano 3 i kēia ʻano. ʻO kēia nā manu waena. Ke hoʻokokoke nei ke kaupaona kiʻekiʻe i kahi kilo. E pāpale ʻia kahi pāpale mahiole pouli ma ke poʻo a me ka nuku. Aia ko lākou pae ma ka palena ʻākau o ka wahi maʻamau no nā nīwi āpau. Mai ka ʻākau hikina ʻo India a i ke komohana ʻo Thailand a me ke komohana ʻākau o Vietnam.
- Anthracoceros - ʻO ka rhinoceros a i ʻole nā rhinoceros ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻopili kēia genus i nā ʻano 7. ʻO kā lākou ʻano pilikino ka pāpale mahiole, ka nui, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa i ka nuku a ʻano like me ia. Ua kau ʻia ka laulā o kēia ʻano mai India a i Pilipine. ʻO ka laha e noho ana i nā mokupuni ʻo Malay (manu Suluan) he hopena.
- Berenicornis - kalao keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a i ʻole kalao kalaunu, a i ʻole kalao keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole kalao paha.
ʻInikaha Monotypic. Noho ma ka ʻĀkia-Pākīpika ʻāina. I nā ululāʻau subtropical o Brunei, Myanmar, Thailand. ʻAʻole manu liʻiliʻi, piʻi kona kaumaha i 1.5 kilogram.
- ʻO Buceros - Gomrai, a i ʻole kalao ʻelua kiwi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano i ʻekolu ʻano. Hānau nui lākou ma India a me Nepal. ʻO ka mea mahalo loa iā lākou manu: rhino nui aiʻole ke kalao India nui.
- ʻO nā Ocyceros nā au ʻĀkia.
Hoʻohui ka moʻomeheu i ʻekolu mau lāhui e noho ana i ka mokupuni ʻo India.
- ʻO Penelopides kahi puʻupuʻu Pilipino.
6 mau ʻano o kēia pūnana genus ma Pilipine a me ka mokupuni ʻo Sulawesi ma Indonesia. Liʻiliʻi ka hulu. ʻAi lākou i nā hua o nā lāʻau tropical. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūlike ka pae o ka nuku o ka nuku.
- Rhinoplax - Kalao i hāʻawi ʻia me ka mahiole.
ʻInikaha Monotypic. Noho i ka piko hema o Indochina, Sumatra a me Borneo. Manu kaumaha. Ua piʻi kona kaumaha i ʻekolu mau kilokika. ʻO ke kaupaona o ka mahiole nuku he 12% o ka nui o ke kaupaona. Hoʻohana ʻia ka nuku a me ka mahiole ma ke ʻano he mea kaua ma nā duel ma waena o nā kāne. Manaʻo ka heluna kamaʻāina ua māhelehele ʻia ka honua o ka poʻe ola a me ka poʻe make e ka muliwai, i kiaʻi ʻia e kēia manu ponoʻī.
- Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Rhyticeros i nā rhino.
Aia kēia ʻano i 5 mau ʻano manu waena a me nā manu nui. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui ke kū ʻana o nā pelu ma ka mahiole nuku. Nā lāhui i nā ululāʻau tropical o Indochina Peninsula a me Solomon a me nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe o ka Pakipika.
Ke emi wikiwiki nei ʻo Hornbills. Hoʻololi nui ʻia ka lālā ʻAsia o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana a me ka hopu holoholona e hōʻemi ai i ka manawa e ola ai. No ka laʻana, he mea kāka ʻole ʻo Kalao Asia ma India a ua nalowale loa i Nepal. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ko lākou helu helu ma 10 mano mau mākua wale nō.
Ua hoʻololi nā kahawai Asia i ka noho like ʻana ma hope o nā kānaka: hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale o India, kahi e noho ai i nā lua o nā kumulāʻau kahiko. Ma sub-Saharan ʻApelika, ʻelima mau hanauna o ka pūnana rhino huluhulu:
- He manu koraka ʻo Bucorvus.
ʻAʻohe ona mea e pili ana i ka manu ʻino. Manu Rhino - pēlā lākou i manaʻo ai ma mua. I kēia manawa ua ʻepekema nā ʻepekema iā ia i ke kauoha o nā manu rhino.
He mea kaumaha kēia e kaupaona ana a i 6 kilokika, a hiki i ka 110 kenimika ka lōʻihi, me ka ʻēheu o a hiki i 1.2 mika. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia mau manu: makemake lākou e hele wāwae i ka honua. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ʻano ʻelua.
- Bycanistes - Calao ʻApelika.
ʻO ka genus he 5 mau ʻano. I kekahi manawa kapa ʻia ka genus āpau e ka inoa o kekahi o nā ʻano - ka kalao ʻāhehā kālā. He mau manu waena kēia a hiki i 80 kenetimita ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona ʻia a i 1,5 kilokilo. ʻAi ʻia nā kalao he nui, no ka hapa nui, nā hua o nā mea kanu tropical.
- ʻO Ceratogymna kahi kalao hanau mahiole.
I kēia genus, aia ʻekolu mau ʻano manu e ʻai i nā mea kolo a me nā huaʻai. Noho ʻia e nā ululāʻau o ʻApelika ʻeleʻele. Aia kekahi ʻano, ke kalao pāpale mahiole, e hānai wale ana i nā hua o ka ʻaila.
- Tockus - nā kahe (a i ʻole toko).
Loaʻa i ka genus nā ʻano 14. ʻO kahi lunamaka maʻamau o kēia genus rhino manu ʻino liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 30-50 kenimika, ke kaupaona 100-500 gram.
- ʻO Tropicranus kahi pepeiaohao keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka genus i ʻekolu mau lālā, ʻokoʻa i ka helu o nā hulu keʻokeʻo ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO nā Hornbills i noho ma ʻApelika makemake i nā nahele ululāʻau subtropical a me tropical tropical, paʻakikī e helu. ʻAʻole lākou e manaʻo ʻia he make i ka make.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Pau nā ʻano, nā waihoʻoluʻu a me nā nui i ka nohona. I kēia, ʻano like nā ʻohana. Maʻalahi ka hui kaiaulu: noho lākou i nā hipa liʻiliʻi a i ʻole pālua. Hoʻokumu nā manu i nā paʻa paʻa. I ka hapanui o nā laha, hoʻomau kēia mau ʻuniona i ko lākou ola.
Noho ka hapa nui o nā laha a pūnana i loko o nā ululāʻau paʻa, impenetrable tropical a subtropical. Akā hānai nā kahawai a me nā nalu pepeiaohao a kūkulu i nā pūnana ma nā ululāʻau, nāhelehele, savannah. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole makemake nā manu ʻio pepeiaohao e lele i nā mea āpau a hoʻonui i ka manawa ma ka honua e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai ma ka wāwae.
Meaʻai kūpono
Omnivorous kēia mau manu. Hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā kolo i mea ʻai holoholona. ʻO nā hua o nā kumulāʻau tropical ka mea nui o ka meaʻai mea kanu. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā pua o nā lāʻau a me nā hua. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua he nui, hoʻolaha ʻole nā manu me ka ʻike ʻole i nā ʻanoʻano ma ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO ia, hāʻawi lākou i ka mahi ʻana i nā kumu lāʻau a me nā laʻalāʻau.
ʻO nā manu e makemake i nā meaʻai holoholona e nakinaki ʻia i kekahi panalāʻau a pale iā ia mai nā hoa. ʻO kēlā mauʻano i koho i kahi papaʻai vegetarian e holoholo mau i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hua pala, i kekahi manawa ma kahi mamao loa.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka ka wā moena o nā manu i ka wā puna, me ka pau ʻana o ke kau ua. Ke ʻimi nei nā kāne i kahi kūpono no ka pūnana. ʻO kēia mau lua kūlohelohe i loko o nā kumulāʻau kahiko, nā wahi i haʻalele ʻia no nā manu ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa he mau ʻili honua a me nā ʻalā pōhaku kēia. Kūpono kahi ākea e hiki ai ke hoʻokipa i kahi manu.
Koho ke kāne i kēia a i ʻole i kēlā me kēia mea i mea o ka noho aloha. A hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hāʻawi i nā makana. ʻO kēia nā hua, nā hua a holoholona liʻiliʻi paha. Hōʻole nā wahine i nā mōhai. Akā hoʻomanawanui ke kāne a hoʻomau. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia e hōʻike i ka mea i wae ʻia. A i ka hopena ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka makemake o ka wahine.
I kēia manawa, mākaukau kahi o ka pūnana e hiki mai ana. Hōʻike ke kāne iā ia i kāna hoa. Hele pū ka nānā ʻana i ka pūnana me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā makana. Inā makemake ʻoe i ka mālama a me kahi no ka pūnana, hui pū nā manu i ka pūnana a paʻa ka hoa. Noho ka wahine i ka pūnana a hoʻopaʻa iā ia iho i ka puka. Hāʻawi ke kāne i nā mea kūpono no kēia: lepo wai, lepo, lālā, mauʻu maloʻo.
ʻO ka hopena he wahi pani me kahi puka komo liʻiliʻi, kahi e hoʻokomo ai i ka nuku wale nō. Hana nā pepeiaohao a pau i kēia, koe wale nā manu koraka aia. ʻAʻole lākou e pani i ka puka o ka hale. ʻO ka hopena, i ka wā o ka incubation o nā moa, hiki i nā wahine ke haʻalele i ka pūnana no kekahi manawa.
ʻElima mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka o ke pio ʻana, hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua. ʻO nā rhino huluhulu, ka nui o ka nui, hoʻomoe i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau hua manu. Hiki i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi e like me ka toki ke kau i nā hua he 8.
ʻO ka manawa incubation mau mai 23 a 45 mau lā, i ka manawa a nā wahine e hoʻoheheʻe pau loa. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai o nā moa, hacked ka puka komo i ka pūnana. Hoʻomaka kahi manu manu e hānai ikaika i nā keiki, kahi e ulu ai nā hulu mua i kekahi mau lā.
Ma hope o ʻekolu a ʻelima mau mahina, ua mākaukau nā moa no ka lele mua a haʻalele i ka pūnana. Lawe lākou i kahi ʻano mākua i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi. Mākaukau nā rhino liʻiliʻi no ka hana hou i nā makahiki 2, nā kaumaha i nā makahiki 4. He manu kū hoʻokahi ʻo Hornbills. Koi lākou i ka nānā kūikawā, ka ʻike kikoʻī a me ka palekana ākea.
