Hiki paha i kahi ruminant ke ʻāʻī like me ka tiger niho niho? Holoholona holoholona musk - ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka dia liʻiliʻi o ka hemisphere ʻākau - me kahi poʻo kangaroo a me nā ʻāʻī o nā Tiga. Hoʻokani like nā ʻāʻī o nā dia musk i nā mea ʻoniʻoni i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka laha. Unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Latina ke ʻano o ka "hāpai musk".
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Dia dia musk dia pili i ke kauoha o artiodactyls, he ʻohana musk ka ʻohana. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi: he 70 kenimika wale nō ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā wahi maloʻo, ma ka ʻāpana 80 cm, ke kaupaona - 12-18 kilokika, lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i ka 100 cm. Hiki i nā maka maka āpau ma ka waha ke lilo i mau ʻāpana i ke kukui ʻōlinolino.
ʻEleʻele ke kala, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele nā wahi ʻeleʻele māmā i loko o ke kino, kahi e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai i ka ulu lāʻau i waena o nā makani, nā mea paʻa pōhaku a me nā taiga coniferous pouli. He hina ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū a ʻeleʻele paha i ke kala; i nā kāne, ʻelua mau kaha uila e iho mai ka ʻāʻī i nā forelegs, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pāʻani o ke kukui a me ke aka, e hoʻokahe ana iā ia i waena o ka spruce a me ke kedera. I nā keiki bipi ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o nā kiko, i nā kāne ʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou.
ʻO ka pale waho he 95 mm ka lōʻihi; i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonui ka ea i loko o ka lauoho, e mālama pono i ka wela i nā hau. Maikaʻi loa ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe ka hau ma lalo o kahi holoholona e moe ana, akā hoʻoheheʻe ma lalo o nā dia a me nā elk.
hiʻona nui dia musk - musky gland, i aneane e alakaʻi iā ia e pau ka nalo. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea huna maloʻo i lawe ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina a me ka ʻoihana ʻala Palani.
Nā ʻano
ʻO nā ʻano ʻohana ʻokoʻa wale nō i ko lākou wahi noho:
- Dia no ka musk Siberian - Kahi noho o Siberia mai ka Yenisei a i ka Moana Pākīpika, ma nā awāwa nui, kuahiwi kuahiwi, taiga pouli ʻole ʻeleʻele, puʻuhonua dia;
- ʻHlio wahine Sakkalin i nā ʻano āpau ua like ia me ke koena o kāna lāhui, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i ka ʻohana;
- Himalayan - noho i ka Himalayas, noho i nā panalāʻau o nā mokuʻāina pili;
- Pāʻulaʻula - noho i nā wahi o Kina e pili kokoke ana iā Tibet;
- ʻO nā dia musk liʻiliʻi o Berezovsky, kahi e noho ai - nā wahi o Vietnam a me Kina;
- ʻEleʻele - hāʻawi ʻia mai Kina a India, loaʻa ma Bhutan.
- Keʻokeʻo - kona kala ma muli o ka uhaki o ka synthesite o melanin, ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ke kala ʻano o ke kapa a me nā irises o nā maka. Ua manaʻo ʻia he kūleʻa nui loa no ka hopu ʻana o ka poʻe kūloko i nā dia musk keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe he hōʻailona kēia o ka pōʻino.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
90% o ka heluna nui o ka honua i noho ma waena o nā panalāʻau mauna-taiga o Lūkia:
- Sakha-Yakutia;
- Altai;
- Siberia Hikina;
- Nā moku ʻo Magadan a me Amur;
- Nā ʻāpana mauna o Sakhalin;
- ʻO Spurs o nā Kuahiwi Sayan.
Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa ia ma Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Korea.
E heʻe ana mai ka alualu ʻana, kani kaʻi ʻo musk i nā ala me he hare lā. Ke haʻalele nei i ka alualu, hiki iā ia ke huli i 90 kekelē i ka neʻe a i ʻole kū koke.
Ola ʻo dia musk i nā ululāʻau coniferous ʻeleʻele, nona nā spruce, kedera, fir a me nā larch o nā taiga. Aloha i nā wahi i ulu nui ʻia me nā laʻalāʻau a me nā ulu ulu ʻōpio. Hana ʻia ma nā wahi puhi ahi i hoʻomaka mua e ola hou; noho i ka waena waena o nā kuahiwi, ke koho ʻana i nā wahi o ka pōhaku. ʻO nā mea kau pōhaku nā wahi no ka puʻuhonua a hoʻomaha.
ʻO ka nui o ka heluna kanaka o ka dia e pili ana i 30 mau kānaka ma 1000 hectare. Ma Rūsia, kahi noho o ka dia ma ka wahi permafrost, peʻe ka holoholona i loko o nā ulu lāʻau, nā pā makani, nā mea mahuka mahuka. Maʻaleʻale a akahele hoʻi, hāʻule ia i loko o nā paʻa lima o kahi mea ʻino i ka wā o ka ʻino, ke lohe ʻole ka uē ʻana o ka makani i ka holoholona kolo.
Dodging, impetuous, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke holo i kahi mamao, no laila hoʻohoka ʻo ia i nā ala, e ʻimi ana i puʻuhonua. Holo mai ka ʻenemi, hele ka holoholona ma nā ala ʻololī a me nā ʻāpana kihi ma luna o nā pōhaku, hiki ke lele i kahi ma kahi o 10x15 kenimika wale nō a hoʻomau i ke kaulike a hiki i ka hala ʻana o ka pilikia.
Ke lele nei ia mai ka papa i ka papa pōhaku, hele ʻo ia ma nā ala he 10 kenimika ākea. He ākea kona mau ʻūlū, e ʻae iā ia e komo i kahi e hiki ʻole ai i ka holoholona a i ʻole ka mea hahai holoholona. ʻO nā ʻenemi o ka dia wolverine, lynx, harza, e ʻimi nei me ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Wahi a nā ʻike o nā loea ʻimi holoholona dia musk alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho, neʻe wale i ka wā o ka wao nahele, kahi e hoʻopau ai i nā mālama meaʻai.
ʻO ke kumu o ka nalowale ʻana o nā dia musk ma luna o ko lākou ʻōpū - aia nā mākala musk ma kahi kokoke i ka huelo. Me kā lākou mea huna, māka nā kāne i nā kumulāʻau i ke kau rutting. ʻO ke kumu o ka musk e hoʻoiho i nā wahine, akā ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia musk like i loko o ʻekolu mau haneli hoʻomākaukau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā lāʻau lapaʻau he kiʻekiʻe loa ia, no kēia mau aʻa e ʻimi holoholona ai nā mea ʻalualu.
E hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, Sakhalin subspecies dia musk papa inoa ʻia i loko ulaʻula puke. ʻO ka helu o nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻē aʻe he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka nohona ma muli o ka nāhelehele ʻana ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana, e puhi ana iā ia e hoʻonui i nā wahi i mahi ʻia, e hoʻokau i ka holoholona i ka make.
Hoʻopili nā Centres Conservation Wildlife i nā hui kaiaulu e kōkua e mālama i kēia ʻano. I kēia lā ko lākou helu ma Lūkia he 120-125 tausani kānaka. Hoʻopuka ʻia nā laikini hahai holoholona 1,500, a hoʻomau ka ʻimi holoholona i ka poʻe ʻaihue me ka ʻae ʻole.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO nā niho o ka dia musk, 11 kenimika ka lōʻihi, ua hoʻonui ʻia i nā kaʻao he nui. Wahi a kekahi o lākou e hele ana he haneli vampire i ka nahele, e ʻai ana i ka ʻiʻo kanaka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he kuhi kēia a ʻaʻohe ona kumu.
ʻO ka papaʻai a ka dia nā laikini lāʻau, nā limu. ʻAi ʻia nā wana ʻōpio o nā lāʻau coniferous. Hōʻike ka kikoʻī o ka meaʻai i ke ola ma waena o nā makani, nā lāʻau nahā, nā wahi pulu a me nā pōhaku kahi e ulu ai nā ʻano terrestrial a me nā bushes lichens:
- Deer cladonia;
- Hōkū cladonia;
- ʻO Snow cetraria
- Marhantia.
I ka hoʻoilo, ke lilo i mea paʻakikī i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, nā lālā o ka aspen, alder, a me nā kumulāʻau willow i mea ʻai. Horsetail, kūlana, fireweed a me nā mea kanu lau nahele o ka ulu kūloko e hana i ke kauwela. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua Pine, ʻili lāʻau ʻōpio i ka papaʻai i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ke kau hoʻoilo, ma muli o nā uhi hau kiʻekiʻe, ʻike ʻia e kahi papaʻai maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā laikini i ʻeli ʻia a me ka ʻili. Hele ʻo Deer i ka liko paʻakai.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ka makahiki ʻekolu o lākou, hoʻomōhala nā kāne, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka huna o ka momona musky, kahi e māka ai nā lāʻau, e ʻumeʻume i nā wahine. Noho kaʻawale nā kānaka a i ʻole i nā hui liʻiliʻi, e hui ana i ka wā o ka rut, ke ʻākoakoa ke kāne i kahi wahine wahine nāna. Ma aneʻi i hele a ikaika nā tusks ʻano ʻē: hoʻomaka nā mea noi e hakakā no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahine, e ʻeha ana i nā ʻeha hohonu me kā lākou mau niho.
Lawe nā mea hoʻokūkū i kahi helehelena kaua, hulu ka hulu ma ke kua, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka nui i ko lākou nui. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻopuehu ka poʻe kūʻē me ka maluhia, akā aia nā hakakā hakakā. Pīhoihoi ʻia e ka honi o ka dia, kuʻi nā kāne kekahi i kekahi me kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu, hoʻohana i ko lākou mau ʻiʻo, kuʻi iā lākou i ka hope a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī. I kekahi manawa ikaika ka ʻeha a hele ke kāne i eo a make.
ʻAno ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke kino o nā holoholona: ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hope ma mua o nā mua, me he mea lā he hare ia. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka sakuma ma mua o ke alo, a he kumu ia e hoʻopilikia ʻole ai ka male ʻana, uhi ʻo Don Juan i ka wahine i ka wā e holo ana.
ʻEono mau mahina ke kūnou ʻana, ma ka maʻamau he 1-2 mau pēpē no kēlā me kēia ʻōpala. No kekahi mau manawa, ʻaʻole holo ka dia musk ma hope o ko lākou makuahine - hūnā ʻo ia i nā pēpē i kahi pūnana, pale ʻia mai nā maka prying. Ma muli o ke ʻano huna o ke ola o nā holoholona, hoʻoholo pololei ʻole ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola manuahi ʻana: ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki, i ka noho pio ʻana hiki iā lākou ke noho i 10-14 mau makahiki.
Holo no ka dia musk
Lawaiʻa nā dia musk ma nā ala hele wāwae maikaʻi. Ma ke kau ʻana i nā pahele i hana ʻia e kahi loop i nā wahi o ke ala, hana nā mea ʻimi holoholona i nā mea hoʻopunipuni e hoʻopuka i kahi kani e like me ke kahe ʻana o nā dia musk. ʻAʻole wale ka wahine, akā hele pū ke kāne i kahi kani.
Hoʻopaʻa nā puka lou i nā kāne a me nā wahine, nā holoholona ʻōpio me nā ʻōpū makua ʻole. ʻAneʻane mau, make ka holoholona i hopu ʻia, ʻaʻole hāʻawi nā ʻōpio i ka musk piha, make makehewa.
No nā mea huli holoholona hihiu ʻimi holoholona dia musk pinepine wale nō ke ala e loaʻa ai ke kālā. ʻO ka uku mokulele Lūkini he 680 rubles i ka gram, uku nui ʻo Kina, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻōki i ka ʻimi holoholona.
Mai kahi kāne makua, 15-20 mau gram o ka huahana maloʻo i loaʻa, no laila ua kiola ʻia ka ʻaoʻao kūpono o ka hoʻopuka. Hoʻopau loa ʻia nā dia musk Mongolian, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Kina i kahi pāpā piha i ka ʻimi holoholona.
Hoʻokumu ka dia musk ma nā mahiʻai
Ma ka mākeke Lūkini, kahi e hana ai i nā musk o ka honua āpau, ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka jet musk deer jet.
ʻO ka jet musk jet wale nō ke kumu o kāna lawaiʻa ʻana. Liʻiliʻi ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hānai ʻia i kahi ʻoihana.
Musk musk ʻeli ʻia e ka luku ʻana i kahi holoholona a ʻoki ʻana i ka gland. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Marco Polo iā ia i loko o kāna puke pai, ua hoʻohana ke kauka kaulana ʻo Avicenna i ka ʻōlelo huna o ka momona e mālama i nā maʻi. Pākuʻi nā kauka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina iā ia i nā lāʻau e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika, mai ka melankoli, ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 ʻano lāʻau. I ka Middle Ages, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka musk no nā hana prophylactic e kūʻē i ka maʻi ahulau a me ke kolera. Ua hāʻawi nā ʻemepela Kina i nā paia i kahi ʻala musky ʻoluʻolu.
Hoʻohana ka ʻoihana ʻala iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea ʻala. Hoʻohui wale ʻia ka musk kūlohelohe i nā ʻaila Palani makamae loa, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke koena me kahi analogue hana. Ua maopopo he kiʻekiʻe loa ka pono no ka musk. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pepehi i nā holoholona āpau!
No ke kiʻi ʻana jet o ka musk dia ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e ulu ia mai ka ʻumikūmāhiku kenekulia. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa nā mahiʻai Farani a me ʻEnelani. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Altai Nature Reserve i ka hānau ʻana ma mua o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic. Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi: hoʻomaka nā holoholona e hānau hou, hānai ʻia nā keiki a hiki i ka hiku o ka hanauna. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, hānau ʻia nā dia musk 200, a laila ua kāpae ʻia ka papahana.
I kēia manawa ma Rūsia ua hānai ʻia lākou e nā māla ʻelua: ma ka moku ʻo Moscow - ke kumu "Chernogolovka", ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a V.I. Prikhodko. Ma ka Altai Ecosfera Rare Animal Population Support Center.
Hoʻonohonoho ke kikowaena iā ia iho i ka pahuhopu o ka hopu ʻana i kahi jet wale nō, akā me ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i ka heluna taiga, me ka manaʻo e hoʻomākaukau i kahi hoʻokuʻu holoʻokoʻa o nā holoholona i kūlohelohe.
Aia i waenakonu ka holoholona holoholona hānai nui loa ma ka ʻāina, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a M. Chechushkov, me ke kōkua o ka Russian Geographic Society a me ka nohona haʻuki "Dynamo". Ua hoʻokele lākou e hoʻokumu i kahi kumu koʻikoʻi, me kahi o nā pā i ʻokoʻa mai nā mahiʻai dia musk ʻē aʻe.
Pa ʻia ka ʻāpana me ka taiga maʻamau ma kahi pali pōhaku ma ka ʻākau. Lawe ʻia nā mea hana no ka hana ʻana e ka lima a i ʻole nā motika e mālama ai i ka nohona kūlohelohe i ka hiki.
Pili nā pilikia nui i ka hānau holoholona musk me ka lawa ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana i ka kālaimeaola a me ka loina o nā holoholona. No ka hale, pono ʻoe i ka ululāʻau coniferous pouli, nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, nā lāʻau i hina i ulu ai nā moʻo a me nā laikini. ʻO nā microorganism e noho nei i loko o lākou e pono nui no nā pēpē e hana i ka tract digestive.
Noho ka dia musk ma kahi mehameha, me kahi mahiʻai e mālama pono ai lākou i kahi o 0.5 hectares. Hilahila loa nā kūpeʻe, ke ʻike nei i kahi kanaka e holo wikiwiki loa ana, inā liʻiliʻi ka pā, e haki lākou ma ka pā. Pono nā wahi malu e hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha. Hoʻoweliweli ka noho pū ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio me ka make nui o nā kāne ma muli o ka hakakā ma ka mahele o ka ʻāina.
ʻO nā meaʻai ma ka mahiʻai nā lichens, nā cereal a i ʻole nā hua, nā hua, nā lau, ka mauʻu i ke kauwela. ʻO ka musk i hana ʻia he mucus. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka huki ʻana i nā ʻike o ka gland ma ke kaomi ʻana iā ia mai loko o ka ʻeke e ʻeha ai ka membrane, hū ka ʻeke - pau ka hana huna ʻana i ka musk.
Hoʻopili ke ʻano o kēia au i ke koho ʻana i ka huna o ka gland, e unuhi ana iā ia ma o kahi puka liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kāne no 40 mau minuke, kahi curette kūikawā - 4-5mm i ke anawaena - hoʻokomo pono ʻia i loko o ka lua, ke loaʻa nei nā mucus makamae. Ala aʻe ka dia i loko o kekahi mau hola, hoʻokō ʻia ke koho aʻe i hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻO ka nui o kahi loaʻa hoʻokahi manawa o ka musk maloʻo he 5-11 gram, ʻo ka manawa ʻoi loa no ke koho ʻana ʻo ia ka hopena o ʻAukake, ke pau ka hana huna a hoʻomaka ka maloʻo e maloʻo. Ua hoʻokau nā mahiʻai Kina i ke koho o nā musk ma ke kahawai. Ua koho ʻia nā keiki kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma kā lākou mahiʻai. Ua hana kūleʻa ʻo India a me Saudi Arabia i nā dia musk no ka musk.
