ʻO nā holoholona kupaianaha mai ka ʻohana marten i lilo i gula maʻemaʻe o Rūsia. Ua lilo ka nani o ka hulu holoholona i kāna pōʻino. Ma nā kudala huluhulu āpau, kūʻai ʻia aku nā ʻili ma lalo o ka hāmare a hiki i hoʻokahi kaukani kālā o ka ʻāpana. nolaila he holoholona ʻo sable komo i loko Buke ʻulaʻula.
Hōʻike ʻia ka sable hoʻohiwahiwa ma nā kapa komo o nā kūlanakauhale Siberian, a ʻo nā kapa komo o nā Novosibirsk, Tyumen a me Sverdlovsk wahi.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Noho ka holoholona wikiwiki, wikiwiki i ka taiga mānoanoa. Inā ʻoe e hele hohonu i loko o nā ululāʻau spruce, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kāna mau meheu, a inā he laki ʻoe, a laila ke kāne uʻi loa. No nā kenekulia he hōʻailona ia o Siberia. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻili i mina ʻia he kālā no nā makahiki he nui a hele pū me ke kālā a i ʻole ma kahi o ia.
Ua loaʻa nā mōʻī ʻEulopa i nā huahana huluhulu sable i mau makana mai ka Russian tsar. I kēia manawa ua helu ʻia ka mea ʻino ma ka Red Book, a ua neʻe ke kālepa i nā mahi holoholona. ʻO Rūsia wale nō ka mea hoʻolako i nā hulu sable i ka honua. A hiki i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua hiki ka ʻimi holoholona i 200,000 kanaka.
ʻOi aku ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻili e koi ʻia no kahi ʻahu huluhulu. ʻO ka waiwai o ka ʻili hulu kokoke i kipaku i ka sable i ka make. No kekahi manawa, pāpā loa ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona, hānai ʻia nā holoholona no nā mālama, hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ko lākou mau wahi noho ma mua.
Nui ka hopohopo no ka nīnau he aha ke ʻano o ka sable, e hoʻāʻo mākou e hāʻawi i kahi pane ma lalo. ʻO 45-56 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona, aia ka huelo fluffy a 20 cm.ʻO ke kaumaha mai 1.1 a 1.8 kg.
ʻOi ka waha, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai i ke poʻo kahi ʻano wedge. Hoʻopili ikaika ʻia ke kua no ka mea pōkole loa nā wāwae. ʻO ka huluhulu i ka hoʻoilo he momona loa ia, fluffy a hiki i nā paws, nā pale a me nā māiʻuʻu, i ke kauwela ua ninini ʻia, a hele a maikaʻi ʻole ka holoholona. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kala e kahi ʻāpana pouli nani i ka waena o ke kua, ʻoi aku ka māmā i nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū.
Nā ʻano
Noho ka ʻumikūmāiwa mau ʻohana o ka ʻohana marten i Rukia. ʻO Sable ʻike ʻia ia e ka hulu hoʻonaninani, no laila hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea lawe manu e ka maikaʻi.
- ʻO Sabguzinsky sable - ka mea nona ka hulu hanohano o ke kala kope ʻeleʻele me ka lauoho hina. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mōʻī o nā sabela - ma ke kūkālā hoʻokahi, ua hāʻawi ʻia he 1000 kālā no kona ʻili;
- Yenisei sable - māmā ka ʻili, akā ʻo ka hulu ka mea mānoanoa a lilelile hoʻi;
- Kopa sable - loiloi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka hulu e nā mea hoʻolālā e like me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka holoholona i ka manawa e ola me ka hoihoi ʻole o ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona;
- Altai sable - kaʻili o kaʻili mai kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i ka melemele māmā;
- ʻO Sabolsk sable - ka māmā o ka lāhui, he hulu waiwai hoʻi kona;
- Kuznetsky - ke kala waena, ma waena o Tobolsk a me Altaic;
- Kākaʻikahi loa ka loaʻa ma ka taiga sable keʻokeʻo, noʻonoʻo nā mea lawe i ka mea waiwai nui loa, uku lākou i kālā nui nona;
- I ka hikina Urals ola ʻo Kidus - kahi hybrid o marten a me sable.
ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka lāhui i Rūsia i kēia lā he 1.5 miliona mau kānaka. ʻOhiʻohi nā Hunters i ka hapalua miliona mau ʻili i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Mai nā Ural, ma ka Yenisei, ma Siberia a hiki i ka Moana Pākīpika, aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole sable nahele... Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ma Mongolia, Kōlea ʻĀkau, i kekahi mau wahi o Kina. A hiki i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua loaʻa ia ma Karelia, nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baletika, Pinilana, a me Polani komohana. ʻO ke koi nui no nā ʻili waiwai i alakaʻi ʻia i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ululāʻau he nui.
Ua hala kekahi o nā ululāʻau i ko lākou heluna lehulehu; ua nalo ʻiʻo nō. Ma ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa, ua hōʻike ka hulu i ka waiwai o ka liona i loaʻa kālā i ke aupuni. 1916 - 20-30 mau sables i koe, kahi e pono ai ka pāpā ʻana i nā ʻano ʻili a pau o nā ʻili waiwai.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia iwakālua - ua hoʻouna ʻia nā huakaʻi i Siberia a me Kamchatka e aʻo i ka wahi a me nā kūlana no ka hana ʻana i kahi mālama e mālama ai i ka heluna kanaka o ka sabgu Barguzin kū hoʻokahi. Ua mālama lākou i ka mōʻaukala ma ke ʻano he "huakaʻi sable."
ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana ʻo G.G Doppelmair, hana ka ʻepekema i ka lewa ākea, paʻakikī loa nā kūlana. ʻO nā palena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi ʻāpana o 500,000 hectares ma nā pali o ka pali ʻo Barguzinsky, ʻo ia nō ke kumu o ka wahi pale. I ka hala ʻana o ke kenekulia a me ka moʻolelo kipi, ua hana ka ascetics i kahi hana nui, nā hua a mākou e ʻohi nei a hiki i kēia lā.
ʻO ka Barguzinsky Biosphere Reserve, kahi e pale ai nā sables ma lalo o ke Kānāwai e pili ana i nā ʻano mea aneane pau ʻole, kahi mālama kūlohelohe maoli - he kūlana maʻamau. Heʻuʻuku ka hopena anthropogenic ma ka ʻāina. Noho kūʻokoʻa ʻo Sable a ulu palekana, palekana.
I kēia manawa e alualu lākou iā ia me kahi pū kiʻi paʻi, e hāʻawi ana i kahi pā e kipa ai i kahi mālama. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻāina o kahi mālama no ka noiʻi ʻimiola a me ka zoological. Ke noiʻi ākea nā ʻepekema o ka Academy of Science i nā ʻano maʻamau a me nā pōʻaiapuniola o ka holoholona, e hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka mālama pono ʻana i nā laha.
ʻO Sable manaʻo ʻia he holoholona ʻāina, ʻoiai, he kamaʻāina taiga, holoholona piʻi maikaʻi i nā lāʻau. Hele ʻo ia i kahi mamao a ʻehā mau mile i kēlā me kēia lā, a hoʻoikaika nā makahiki maloʻo iā ia e holo i 10 km e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai.
Noho ʻo ia ma nā ululāʻau coniferous: pine, kedera, lāʻau ulu. Kūpono nā hollows o nā lāʻau kua ʻia no nā mea hōkū no ka hana ʻana i nā lua e hoʻonui a hoʻouluulu.
Hoʻonohonoho pono lākou iā ia ma ka uhi ʻana iā ia me ka limu a me nā lau maloʻo, a ʻo kahi wēwau mamao loa mai ka pūnana. Kaha ʻo ia i ka ʻāina a puni ʻo ia, e hoʻomoe i nā ala pilikino i ʻole e alualu kahi kanaka ʻē i kāna mau waiwai. ʻO nā waihona pohaku kekahi mau wahi o ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona.
Meaʻai kūpono
Holoholona hiki? omnivorous, ʻai i ka protein a me nā mea kanu mea kanu. He mea ʻaihue ia, no laila ʻo kāna papaʻai nā:
- Nā manu - ka hapanui o nā ʻauʻau wahie, nā ʻauwa hazel, nā ʻauwa ʻeleʻele, akā hiki ke hopu i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, nā manu - aia kēia ma nā manawa, ke laki ʻoe;
- ʻO nā rodents e like me ka ʻiole - voles ʻulaʻula-hina, pikas;
- Nā Squirrels - ʻai ka poʻe ʻaihue i mau miliona o lākou i hoʻokahi makahiki;
- ʻO nā chipmunks liʻiliʻi a me nā hares.
Mai nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻai ʻo ia i nā hua paina, nā hua - blueberry, lingonberry, lehu mauna, rose hip, currants. Huli sable nahele i ka wā ahiahi, i kekahi manawa i ke ao. Mai noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa i ka wā puna, ke neʻe ka iʻa i ka ulu ʻana. ʻAi ʻo ia iā ia ma hope o ka otter a i ʻole ka bea, no ka mea, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ia ʻo ka mea lawaiʻa dexterous loa.
I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ia ke hānai i ke kino make, a i ʻole kanu i nā meaʻai, e hoʻomoe ana i lalo o ka hau. Hiki i ka holoholona ke lilo i pio o ka pueo, bear a marten paha. ʻO nā manu nui - ʻaʻole nā ʻaeto a me nā ʻākena i hōʻole i ka pāʻina ʻana i kahi pēpē ʻono.
Loaʻa i ka holoholona nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻai - ʻo kēia ka wili a Siberian a me ka ermine, ʻimi pū lākou i nā ʻiole like me ka ʻiole. Inā kū kēia mau holoholona i ka panalāʻau like, kū mai nā kaua ahi no nā wahi noho i waena o lākou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Me ka mālama pono, hiki i ka sable ke noho no 20 mau makahiki, akā hoʻopuka wale i 15 mau makahiki, no laila ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ma nā mahiʻai i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Noho i ke kūlohelohe no 8-10 mau makahiki.
Koho nā wahine i kā lākou hoa ma mua, male me hoʻokahi kāne wale nō i ke kau waena o ke kauwela. Kipaku ʻia nā mea noi e ka mea i koho ʻia, hoʻomaka ʻia nā kaua ʻāʻī a hoʻi i hope nā pā ʻē aʻe. Noho mau nā kāne me ka wahine no ka manawa lōʻihi, lawe mai i ka meaʻai ke hiki ʻole iā ia ke alualu hou i ka wā hope o ka hāpai keiki.
Haʻalele lākou inā hoʻokele iā ia iā ia iho ma mua o ka hānau ʻana. He 9-10 mau mahina ka hapai ʻana o ka hāpai ʻana, laina ka wahine e kali nei i ka pūnana me ka huluhulu, lumi, mauʻu maloʻo maloʻo. Hoʻolako ʻia ʻo Lair mai kahi noho kanaka. Hānau ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻehiku mau ʻīlio pēpē e kaupaona ana he 30 mau ʻōpala i ka ʻōpala.
No nā mahina ʻelua mua ʻai lākou i ka waiū makuahine wale nō, a laila koi lākou i ka meaʻai hou aʻe. Lawe ka wahine iā lākou me ia, e hoʻomaka ana e aʻo iā lākou i ka ʻimi holoholona a me ke kanaka makua. Inā he hoʻoweliweli mai kahi holoholona nui aku, neʻe ka makuahine i ka pūnana i kahi ʻē aʻe.
Pale aku ʻo ia me ka wiwo ʻole i kāna ʻōpala, e hoʻouka nei i nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua ona, a kūʻē nō hoʻi i ka ʻīlio. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, e loaʻa ana ka ikaika o nā ʻīlio, kēlā me kēia e lūlū i kāna ala ponoʻī, no ke ola kūʻokoʻa, a hoʻomaka ka wahine i ka rut aʻe. Hiki i ke kino moekolohe i nā mea hulu ke hānai ʻia i ʻekolu mau makahiki, aia kahi rutu wahaheʻe i Pepeluali.
Mālama māla
Maikaʻi ke hoʻolilo i ke kahua mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mahiʻai me kahi kanaka me ka ʻike ma ia ʻoihana. Koho i kahi e kokoke ana i ka ululāʻau, pale ʻia mai ka makani, pae, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ikaika i ka hoʻomaha. Lako i ka pā i
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi ʻoihana hānau sable, pono ʻoe e kūkākūkā me kahi loio, no ka mea, hāʻawi nā lula i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻili i nā ʻoihana mokuʻāina wale nō. Inā kūʻai aku ka mea hānai ʻike ʻole i ka hulu i kahi kanaka pilikino, e kūʻē ia i ke kānāwai.
e kāpae i ke komo ʻana o nā holoholona hihiu i loko o ka pā. Hāʻawi i ka uila, ka hoʻoneʻe wai, ka wai. Hoʻonohonoho ka mea hānai i nā pā ʻokoʻa a i nā pā no ka mālama ʻana i nā wahine a me nā kāne. I loko o kahi pā a hale paha, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi lumi no kahi lua i kahi e noho ai nā pēpē. I ka wā o ka rut, noho pū nā holoholona, e nānā ana i ka hana - hoʻolei ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka makemake ʻole i ka wahine a hele no nā ʻili i ka hāʻule.
Kūʻai ʻia nā holoholona mai nā mahiʻai i mau mahina ʻelua ma mua o ka huki ʻana a noho ʻelua ʻia, e nānā ana i ka hiki i nā keiki kāne ke heihei. Kaha ʻia nā poʻe varietal i wae ʻia, hāʻawi i kēlā me kēia helu a kau i ka mahiʻai e loaʻa nā keiki. Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu i nā wahine wahine, ʻano ʻē i nā kāne, e like me ka maʻamau o ka mahi hulu.
Hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea hana hoʻohiki ka mea nui i kahi passport, e mālama nei i ka moʻokūʻauhau a hiki i ke kolu o ka hanauna. Kanu ʻia ka ulu ʻōpio ulu i nā hunaola ʻokoʻa. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hulu kūlana kiʻekiʻe, hānai maikaʻi ʻia lākou me ka hala, ka ʻiʻo o nā lāpaki, nā moa, a me nā pipi. Hoʻohui i nā hua, nā huaʻai, ka palaoa.
Ma muli o ke koi kiʻekiʻe no ka huluhulu sable, hana nā māla i mākaukau pono i kahi loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe no kā lākou mau mea nona. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua lawa nā holoholona he 50, e hoʻolako pono i kahi mahiʻai i ka ʻāina, kahi e hoʻēmi ai i nā kumukūʻai hoʻolimalima.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai kokoke o kahi holoholona ola $ 200-500. ʻO ka makahiki mua wale nō nā lilo, akā me ka mālama pono no ka makahiki, e pākolu ka holoholona. I ka hopena o ka makahiki ʻelua, ua luku ʻia nā ʻili a kūʻai aku ʻia.
Paipai ʻia e kūʻai aku ma o kahi ʻoihana hoʻoili huluhulu. Hoʻoneʻe nā mahiʻai mokuʻāina i kekahi manawa i nā holoholona i ko lākou wahi noho e mālama ai i ka lehulehu. Kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona mai ka luku ʻia.
ʻImi home
Inā lawe ʻoe i kahi sable waiū liʻiliʻi loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi holoholona. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi ʻia ʻo ia, pono wale nō ia e hoʻolako i kahi no nā pāʻani, e laʻa me ka pāpale a me kahi keʻena kaʻawale me kahi pā. Pono e kūʻai i nā mea pāʻani ea, pono e pāʻani ka holoholona me ia.
E launa maikaʻi me nā holoholona. E hānai me ka ʻōpala o ka ʻiʻo, ka pala, ka palaʻai, ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā minelala a me nā huaora. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka meaʻai i nā pōpoki a ʻīlio paha. Ke komo nei ka Institute of Cytology and Genetics i ka hana pilikino o ka Altai sable, e ʻimi nei e mālama i ka lehulehu a me nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano.
Ua huki lākou i kahi palapala ʻāina, a me nā ʻano like ʻole i puʻunaue ʻia ma luna o ka ʻāina ʻo Rukia, me nā māka topological o nā ʻāina i noho ʻia.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka sable ʻoihana i ka foci o ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻāhiu hihiu o ka lāhui, i nā wahi i noho ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe. Lawe kēia i nā hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o ka holoholona.
