I ka waena o ke kenekulia 18, ua hoʻokomo ʻo Karl Liney i kēia manu i ka classifier biological maʻamau ma lalo o ka inoa ʻōnaehana Lakina Parus ater. I ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua wehewehe nā biologists i kona inoa generic a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Periparus ater.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i pau ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka inoa kahiko. No ka ʻohana o titmice (Paridae) ka manu a no ke kaʻina o Passeriformes (Passeriformes).
I ko mākou ʻāina, he inoa ko kēia manu.
- Ma muli o ke kala o ke poʻo, kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he tit ʻeleʻele.
- Ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi, he tit tit liʻiliʻi.
- Aia kekahi mana kahiko o ka inoa o ka manu - limu.
- ʻO ka inoa maʻamau ʻo moskovka.
Nui nā mana o ka inoa maʻamau. Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ua ʻike ʻia nā papalina keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano he mask. Hānau hou ʻia ka pale maka i kahi Muscovite. ʻO kekahi linguistic transformation a loaʻa ka manu i kona inoa kapakapa o kēia manawa.
Aia kekahi mana e pili ana i ka liʻiliʻi o ka manu. I nā kenekulia 15 a me 16, aia ke dālā kālā i Moscow. moskovka... ʻO kēia inoa, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi o lāua, ua hoʻoili ʻia i ka manu. Hiki i kahi mana ʻekolu. ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka limu e kūkulu i kahi pūnana i lilo i lele lele. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, lilo kēia ʻōlelo i Muscovite, a laila i Muscovite.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Malaila, pehea ke ʻano o ka manu, he mea like me nā titmice āpau. Akā ʻē aʻe kekahi. ʻO ka mea mua loa, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi loa. He 7 - 12 wale nō kaupaona. Mai ka nuku a i ke kiko o ka huelo, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi manu makua ma mua o 11 kenimika. ʻO ke kala nui o ka hulu ma ke kino, nā ʻeheu a me ka huelo he hina me kahi kala kala.
Ma ka hulu o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, melemele, holika, a me nā aka keʻokeʻo, ma nā ʻeheu - kahi mohala ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pena ʻeleʻele ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Keʻokeʻo nā hulu ma nā papalina. Aia kekahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka piko o ke poʻo.
Aia nā kaha keʻokeʻo ʻelua ma nā ʻeheu. I kahi kūlana pīhoihoi, kuʻi ka manu - piʻi ka plumage ma luna o kona poʻo i ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Ua like nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka helehelena. Ke hui ʻana i kēia manu i ka nahele, ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoholo i kāna kāne. Manaʻo nā meaola biologist i ka nui o ka plumage o nā kāne. He kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo ko luna o ka wahine, ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī me kahi ʻano ʻalani hou aku, a he matte ka pāpale.
ʻAʻohe ʻālohilohi. Nui nā kiʻi kahi moskovka, manu i ke kiʻi hōʻike mau i nā hiʻohiʻona o kona helehelena, akā, i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻaʻole hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka ʻike kāne.
ʻO nā manu ʻōpio ke ʻano like me ke kala i nā mākua. ʻO ka luna hina hina me ka ʻoliva a me ka ʻalani brown. ʻEleʻele hina ka pāpale ma mua o ka ʻeleʻele. Aia kekahi uhi melemele ma nā kiko keʻokeʻo o nā papalina a me ka hope o ke poʻo. ʻAʻole nānā nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻeheu e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻālohilohi ko lākou kala.
Nā ʻano
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa kūwaho i ke aniau, ka lako o nā meaʻai, nā kūlana maʻamau o ke ola i alakaʻi ʻia ai i ke ʻano o nā subspecies o kēia mau manu. Kūlike lākou i ka nui, nā kikoʻī o ke kala hulu, a me ke kū ʻana o kahi ʻāpana ma ke poʻo.
I ka loaʻa ʻole o nā palena kūlohelohe, hiki ke huikau o nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho a lawe pinepine ka manu i nā hōʻailona o kekahi mau ʻāpana. Hoʻomaopopo nā ʻepekema ʻelua mau ʻano kakini o kēia mau tits.
Noho nā ʻāpana nui i ka Hikina, ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, Scandinavia, ka mokuna holoʻokoʻa o Rūsia, ma ka hikina a hiki i Kina a me ka Peninsula Kōlea. Kapa ʻia ʻo Periparus ater ater.
Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻelua ma Caucasus. Ma ke kahakai kaiʻeleʻele - Periparus ater derjugini, i ka North Caucasus - Periparus ater michalowskii. Ua ʻokoʻa iki lākou mai kekahi i kekahi, akā ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka ʻai ʻana o nā tita Caucasian ʻĀkau.
ʻOkoʻa lāua ʻelua mai nā subspecies nui o nā manu i ko lākou nui kino, hoʻonui ʻia ka nuku lōʻihi a me kahi ʻēheu nui. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā nīnū e noho ana i ka Caucasus a hōʻea i Azerbaijan, kahi e hui ai me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe - Periparus ater gaddi, a hiki ka wahi noho o kēia hui i ka ʻākau o ʻIrani.
Aia kekahi mau mea kōkua ma Kina. Ma ka Himalayas, Taiwan, nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril - noho nā tits ʻeleʻele i nā wahi āpau me nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa. Ua haku kēia mau manu i nā mokuʻāina mokupuni - Pelekane Nui a me ʻIlani.
Noho lākou i ka Pyrenees, ke kapakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua a me nā mokupuni e kau ana ma luna o laila. Hōʻike lākou i nā wahi āpau e ulu ai nā conifers, nā hua o ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai o kēia mau tits. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka mea hope loa he subspecies e noho ana ma Central Nepal, ke kahawai ʻo Kali-Gandaki. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma 1998.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho nā ʻūlū liʻiliʻi i nā hipa o ka nui waena. Mai ʻelua, ʻekolu kakini a i mau haneli mau kānaka. Uhi ka ʻohana i kahi o nā mile kuea. ʻAʻole hana i nā lele kau. Akā i kekahi manawa, hiki i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa ke neʻe i kahi ʻāina hou.
Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻi kekahi hapa o ka ʻohana i nā wahi i haʻalele ʻia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻohana. No laila, ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā panalāʻau hou. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia nā ʻohana hui. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokomo i nā manu liʻiliʻi like ʻole: Muscovy, tit-huelo lōʻihi, warbler a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonui kahi ola hui i nā manawa o ke ola.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi a hiki ʻole ke lele no kahi manawa lōʻihi e noho nā manu ma waena o nā kumulāʻau a me nā lāʻau. ʻAʻole lākou (Muscovites) e noho i nā wahi ākea. Makemake lākou i nā ululāʻau coniferous, ma nā palena hema o kā lākou pae hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā ululāʻau i kāwili ʻia i ke alo o ka paina, larch, juniper.
ʻOi aku ka pinepine o Moskovka ma mua o nā tits ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia ma ka home e nā mea aloha manu. Maʻalahi ke kumu - hoʻomanawanui ʻo ia i ke pio ʻana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. A he leo moʻo kona, a nani hoʻi. Ua like kāna mele me ke kani o ka leo o ka tit nui, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika, kiʻekiʻe, lokomaikaʻi. Lawe ka manu i nā memo kiʻekiʻe loa, nā trills me nā ʻano.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka Muscovite
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke ka tit liʻiliʻi i ka hīnaʻi ʻia a lilo i ke ʻano piha. Hiki ke noho pio i kahi manawa lōʻihi. Inā kūlike ʻoe me ia. ʻO ka manu i kēlā me kēia hihia (me ka ʻole o kahi pālua) ʻae maikaʻi i ka noho pū ʻana me nā manu ʻē aʻe i kahi hale paʻa maʻamau, hale manu.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo he manu liʻiliʻi loa ka flyworm, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi, lahilahi, hoʻopiʻi ʻia ia no ia e noho pū me nā hana ʻoi loa a ikaika ʻole. Hoʻohui ʻia, i loko o kahi hīnaʻi maʻamau, hoʻopau ka flyworm i ke mele ʻana.
ʻO nā meaʻai i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana e kūlike ia me ka manu a ka manu e hoʻokele ai i loko o ka nahele, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻai polū maʻamau. ʻO kēia nā hua birch, hemp, nā hua sunflower i hoʻopīpī ʻia, nā ʻoka spruce maloʻo.
Meaʻai kūpono
I ke kauwela a me ka hapa mua o ke kauwela, hānai ikaika nā manu i nā mea kolo. ʻO Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Retinoptera, Homoptera i loko o ka papaʻai o kēia mau manu. ʻO kēia ka ʻiʻo ʻana o nā beetles bark, aphids, weevils a me nā nalo ʻē aʻe - kēlā me kēia mea a mākou e manaʻo nei he pests nahele - ʻai nui ʻia a hānai ʻia i kā lākou keiki. Mākaukau nā manu i ka hei ʻana i nā nalo, nā lūlū a me nā lūlū.
Mai ka hapa lua o ke kauwela, ke hoʻololi nei ʻo Muscovites i ka meaʻai vegetarian. ʻO ka puka ka hua o nā lāʻau coniferous a deciduous. ʻO ka titmouse ka dexterous o ka hana ʻana i nā pine a me nā spruce cones. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi e nā hua, e laʻa me ka juniper. E like me nā holoholona he nui, hūnā nā manu i nā mea āpau e hiki ke ʻai i ka hoʻoilo i nā lua a me nā māwae.
Hiki i ka hau a me ka hau ke kipaku manu mai ka ululāʻau i nā hale o kānaka. I nā kauhale a me nā kauhale. Ma aneʻi e lilo nā mea āpau i meaʻai, mai nā mea o ka mea hānai a i ka ʻōpala o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ma nā pāka a me nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale ke ʻano maʻamau o nā manu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Mālama nā manu i nā kāne i ko lākou ola. ʻO ia, he monogamous lākou. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu nā ʻepekema i ka mea e hana ke make kekahi o nā hoa. ʻO ka hapanui paha, ke hana ʻia nei he pālua hou. ʻO ke kau moʻo e mau ana mai ka hopena o Ianuali a Kepakemapa. I ka latitu waena a me ka akau, hoʻomaka ia i Malaki. Māhele ʻia ka ʻohana i mau pālua.
E like me nā hīmeni ʻana tit, Muscovy, a i ʻole kāna kāne, ke hoʻāʻo nei e ʻoluʻolu i ka wahine, hoʻomaka e hīmeni. Koho ʻia ka luna spruce top ma ke ʻano he scaffold. Ma waho aʻe o nā trill, ke kīpili ʻana i nā ʻeheu, ka lele ʻana me nā hulu fluffy i loko o ke kaʻina o ka pili.
Kahi manawa, hoʻohuli ʻia ke kāne e hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai. Hanai ʻo ia iā ia iho a hānai i ka wahine. ʻO ke kūlana kūikawā o ke kāne, ʻo nā ʻēheu haʻahaʻa e hoʻoliʻiliʻi maikaʻi ʻia, nā leo kani kuʻina kūikawā - ʻōlelo nā mea āpau i ka hana o ka hana i hana ʻia.
Pane ka wahine i ke kāne ma ka manaʻo ʻana i kahi kūlana hoʻolaha, e hoʻohālike ana i ka hana a kahi moa e nonoi ana i ka meaʻai.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pūnana i loko o kahi lua, i waiho ʻia e kahi ʻāhiu, tit a manu ʻē aʻe paha. Makemake ʻia e waiho ka hollow i kahi kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa (ma kahi o 1 mika). ʻO kahi ʻōpala lāʻau popopo a i ʻole lāʻau kua ʻia e hana maalea hoʻi.
He mākaukau ia manu - Muscovy hiki ke hana i kahi pūnana i loko o ka lua iole. ʻO ka mea nui no kahi puʻuhonua kahi puka hāiki (ma kahi o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau kenimika paha ke anawaena). E lawelawe ia me he puka piula. Hana ka wahine i ka lako pono ʻana i ka pūnana. I loko, laina ʻia me ka limu, fluff, huluhulu a ʻano like me ke pola.
I ka wā o ka moena, hana ʻia nā ʻelua paʻa. ʻO ka mua ma ʻApelila, Mei mua. Loaʻa iā ia he 5 a 13 mau hua. ʻO ka lua ma Iune. Loaʻa iā ia mai 6 a 9 mau hua. Liʻiliʻi lākou, 12 a 18 mm ka nui, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi pūpū hua manu palupalu.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu e ka wahine. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka paʻa. He kuleana piha ke kāne no ka hānai ʻana i ka wahine. Hoʻopiʻi nā Chicks ma hope o 14 a 16 mau lā. Piʻi nui lākou no ka meaʻai. Noho mau ka wahine i ka pūnana no ʻekolu mau lā hou, ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā moa.
A laila, hui pū me ke kāne, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kiʻi i ka meaʻai na ka moa. Ma hope o ʻekolu mau pule, hoʻomaka ka poʻe heʻe e haʻalele i ka pūnana, akā e moe i ka pō i loko no kekahi manawa. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, paʻakikī nā manu ʻōpio e hoʻokaʻawale mai nā mākua, a ʻākoakoa pū lākou i nā hipa.
ʻO ke ola ke ola, e like me nā ʻelele āpau o kēia ʻohana, he 8 - 10 mau makahiki. Hoʻololi ka nui o nā tits ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoilo a me ke kūlana o ka waihona meaʻai. Hiki ke hoʻemi ka helu i nā helu i nā wahi kahi e kua ʻia nā ululāʻau coniferous. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli kēia ʻano me ka luku.
