Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻŪhini ʻūhini – pepeke, loaʻa kokoke i nā wahi āpau. ʻIke ʻia kēia mea kolo ma nā pāpū a me nā mauna, e peʻe ana i ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, he kamaʻāina ia o ka ululāʻau momona a me nā wao nahele maloʻo hoʻi.
No ke kaʻina o Orthoptera kēia mea ola a he nui nā hiʻohiʻona hanana hoihoi. ʻAe lākou i kēlā mau ʻelele o ka honua kolo e ola kūleʻa, e hoʻolaha ana ma nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina.
ʻEkolu mau wāwae o ka ʻūhū. Eia kekahi, lawelawe nā lālā mua ʻehā iā ia no ka hele wāwae, ma luna o lākou, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, hoʻonāukiuki ʻia nā pepeiao o ka ʻelala. A ʻo nā ʻūhā hope muscular, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuke me ka ikaika nui mai kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, e hiki ai i kēlā mea ke hana i nā lele leʻaleʻa.
I ka manawa like, piʻi kiʻekiʻe ka ʻūhini a neʻe i kahi lōʻihi, iwakālua mau manawa i ʻoi aku kona nui. Hoʻohui ʻia, he mau ʻēheu kekahi mau ʻano o ia ʻano ʻino, me ʻelua pālua: ma mua a ma hope. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki i ka ʻūhini ke huikau, ʻaʻole naʻe mamao loa.
ʻO nā antennae kupaianaha, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino o kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi, lawelawe i nā lālā o ka paʻi. ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana o ke kino o kēia mau mea kolo. ʻO ka mua o lākou he poʻo nui, kahi e ʻike maopopo ʻia ai nā maka nui, ke alo, a me ke ʻano oval. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻē aʻe ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū.
ʻIke ʻia nā pepeke no ko lākou hiki ke hana i nā leo hoihoi - kani. Eia kekahi kani ka ʻūhini Kūpono ʻia lākou he mea kū hoʻokahi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka nui, timbre a me ke mele, e pili ana i ka ʻano.
A hiki i nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēlā me kēia o lākou ke kaena i ko lākou kani ponoʻī. Hoʻokani ʻia ke kuleana o ka "mea hana" e kahi membrane kūikawā i waiho ʻia ma ka elytra hema. He aa mānoanoa kona me nā niho liʻiliʻi - he ʻano kakaka kēia.
A ʻo ka membrane ma ka elytron akau e hana ma ke ʻano he resonator. ʻO nā ʻano adaptations kūlohelohe e kope i nā mele kūikawā i ka wā o ka vibration. I ka hapanui o nā ʻano o kēīa ʻino, nā kāne wale nō i hāʻawi ʻia me nā mana "mele". Akā aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻūhini, kahi e ʻike ai nā wahine pehea e ʻūlū ai.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hoʻolohe nā ʻūhini i ko lākou mau wāwae, ʻoiai ua hoʻolālā ʻia ko lākou mau lālā e hopu i nā nalu kani ma nā wāwae mua o kēia mau mea. ʻOi aku ka pololei, aia nā eardrums ma nā wāwae o lalo.
I kekahi mau ʻano, hāmama lākou, akā hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i nā poʻi kūikawā e hūnā iā lākou. Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻolohe ponoʻī i nā ʻāʻī koʻikoʻi loa a me nā hopena nerve.
Nā ʻano o nā ʻūhini
ʻO kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ke aupuni pepeke, e noho kokoke ana i nā kihi a pau o ka Honua, hiki iā lākou ke kaena i nā ʻano kūwaho a me nā ʻano ʻaoʻao. Aia ma kahi o 7 tausani mau ʻano o ia mau mea ma ka honua.
A hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia o lākou i kāna ʻano ponoʻī. Nā ʻano o nā ʻūhini ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ka nui. Loaʻa paha i nā lunamakaʻāinana o kekahi ʻano ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kenimika, ʻaʻole hou. Akā he mau pilikua kekahi, ʻo ka nui i hiki i 15 knm.
Ma ke ala, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma nā ʻūhini ma mua o nā kāne a ʻokoʻa kūwaho iā lākou i ke alo o kahi ovipositor - kahi pono kūikawā o ka nui i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua. I ka nui, hiki ke kūlike i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā ʻole iā ia.
Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā ʻūhū i loko o ke kala ʻokoʻa loa. Kūlike nā kala i ke kaiapuni kahi e noho ai nā mea kolo, ke hana nei e like me ke ʻano o ke kāmeʻa camouflage no ka ʻūhini. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hana ia i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ka hope o nā mea kanu a me ka ʻāina.
Hiki i ke kala ke monochromatic, no ka laʻana, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā i ka manawa like me ka gamut kala e loli nui, kahaha me ka maʻalahi o nā koho leo kala. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kala o nā laha hiki ke lilo i ka maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻōlinolino, i kākoʻo ʻia e nā kaha a me nā kiko. Hiki ke nānā ʻia kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa āpau ma ke kiʻi o nā ʻūhini.
Pono e wehewehe ʻia kekahi mau laha i ke kikoʻī.
1. ʻO Dybka steppe i waena o nā ʻūhini o Lūkia kekahi o nā pilikua. A hiki i ka nui o ia mau ʻano ʻūlū a hiki i 8 knm. Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei ko lākou mau ʻeheu, he pōkole loa paha lākou, a i ʻole hele loa. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala o kēia mau ʻūhū, i kekahi manawa me kahi aniani melemele a me ke kala like me ka palena lonikū.
Ua palahalaha lākou i nā wahi like ʻole o ka hema o ʻEulopa, i ka steppes i ulu nui ʻia me ka laau kawa, a i nā awawa i uhi ʻia me nā kumu ulu kaka ʻole. Heʻuʻuku kēia mau mea kolo, a ke emi mau nei ka helu o nā ʻelele o nā laha ma ka Honua.
I ke kiʻi, ka ʻūhini ʻūhū liʻiliʻi
2. ʻŪhini ʻōmaʻomaʻo... Loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mākua o kēia ʻano ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 3 cm, akā i kekahi mau manawa hiki iā lākou ke ulu a 6 cm. Loaʻa kēia mau mea i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa, ma nā panalā Asia o ko mākou ʻāina a hiki i ka Hikina Hikina, a ma ʻApelika hoʻi.
Hiki i ka lōʻihi lele o ia mau mea a i 3 m. Eia hou, hiki iā lākou ke lele. Hū leo nui kēia mau mea hiki ke lohe ʻia i kahi mamao o 100 m. Me ia ʻano ʻahamele, ʻumeʻume nā kāne i kā lākou mau hoa.
ʻŪhini ʻōmaʻomaʻo
3. ʻŪhā hale hoʻouluulu - kekahi o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa. Akā hiki i kona lunamakaʻāinana ke lele ʻaneʻane hapalua mika i ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma waho, ʻaʻole like lākou i nā ʻūhini i kēia manawa, akā, ʻo nā kolo, akā he antennae nui ko lākou. ʻO ke kala o ia mau mea keleʻele a hina paha, i kāhiko ʻia me nā kiko ʻeleʻele.
No ka hapa nui, he kamaʻāina kēia o nā wahi waena o Kina, akā me nā mea kanu, ua pālahalaha nā ʻano ʻenekopa i ʻEulopa, a i ka Crimea, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, neʻe i ka hikina, a hiki i ka ʻAmelika. Makemake kēia mau ʻūhini e noho i nā hale hoʻoulu a me nā hale hoʻoulu, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai lākou pēlā.
ʻŪhā hale hoʻouluulu
4. ʻŪhini poʻo poʻo poepoe... He ʻohana holoʻokoʻa kēia o nā ʻūhini nui, nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka suborder lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ka nui o ke kino o ia mau ʻano kolo. Nui ko lākou poʻo, he ʻano poepoe, hoʻopau ʻia ka elytra. I nā wahi like ʻole o ka USSR ma mua, aia ma kahi o 7 mau ʻano o ia mau ʻūhini. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma Eurasia a ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻApelika.
ʻŪhini poʻo poʻo poepoe
5. Ueta nunui - ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻūhini nui loa a ʻoi loa hoʻi. Hiki i ke kaupaona o ia mau ʻino ke hōʻea i 70 g a piʻi aʻe i luna. Loaʻa lākou ma Nūhōlani, akā ʻaʻole ma ka pae ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, akā aia wale nō ma kahi mokupuni liʻiliʻi loa i kapa ʻia ʻo Little Barrier, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hopena. Ua kūleʻa nui kēia mea i ka pale ʻana iā ia iho mai nā ʻenemi me kona nui (ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka shin he 5 cm) a me nā wāwae hope ikaika.
Akā ʻaʻole kōkua kēlā mau lālā iā lākou e lele, ʻoi aku ka kaumaha o nā ʻūhini. Akā ma waho o ka nui, ma waho ua like lākou me kā lākou congeners mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ʻalekiko. Hiki i kēlā mau ʻenekini ke noho i nā ana, ma nā ākea a ma nā ululāʻau o ka mokupuni i ʻōlelo ʻia, a me nā wahi kokoke i nā wahi noho.
Ueta nunui
6. Steppe Tolstun... Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ia mau ʻano kolo. I kēia lā, ua emi nui ko lākou wahi. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ola o kēia ʻano i ka Teritori Krasnodar, ma kahi kokoke i Rostov, ma Kabardino-Balkaria, a ma kekahi mau wahi ʻē aʻe o Lūkia. ia ʻūhini ʻeleʻele, nona ka kino he keleawe keleawe. Aia kekahi mau kānaka ʻike maoli ʻia o kēia ʻano.
Steppe Tolstun
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻOiai ke aʻa maikaʻi nā ʻūhini i nā lau nahele alpine, i nā tropics a me ka tundra, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i ke ʻano o nā wao nahele a me ke anuanu. ʻIke lākou i ka lepa ākea, ma nā ululāʻau a me nā kihi, ma nā māla palaoa a me kaʻuala, i nā ulu lāʻau.
Hana kēlā ʻano mea ola i kā lākou hana nui ma ka ʻili. ʻO ka hū ʻana ma lalo o ka honua, i nā wahi mehameha ma lalo o nā lālā a me nā ʻōpala i hāule, no nā lua o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lua ʻaʻole na lākou. Hele wale lākou i waena o ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, e peʻe ana mai ka lā wela a me ka wā maikaʻi ʻole ma lalo o kā lākou lau.
Hoʻomaha pinepine lākou i ke ao, a hele aku e alualu i ka pō. A i kēia manawa hiki ke lohe i kā lākou kani ʻana. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hoʻopuka nā kāne i kēlā mau kani. No laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokipa i kā lākou mau ipo wahine no ka moena ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaopopo pū i nā hoa paio ua pale ʻia kēia ʻāina, no ka mea ua noho ʻia.
Lele ʻūhini
Aia i ke kūlohelohe pepeke ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻūhini... He ʻūhini lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i kaʻeleʻele, hina a me ka melemele, akā me nā camouflage, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kala o ke kaiapuni, ke kala. A me ka nānā maka wale ʻana, ʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua.
Eia nō naʻe, nui nā ʻokoʻa i kā lākou hana. Noho nā ʻūhini i nā pua. A ʻo nā hui lehulehu he lehulehu i kekahi manawa he nui loa e luku wale lākou i nā māla o nā mea kanu me ka wikiwiki maikaʻi. ʻO ka mauʻu mauʻu, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, nā mea noho mehameha. A eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lele ka ʻūhini, akā lele maikaʻi ia, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o kona mau wāwae.
Meaʻai kūpono
Ma waena o nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ka Honua, aia pū kekahi nā mea ʻinoʻino. ʻO ka mauʻu mauʻu kekahi o lākou. Hānau ʻia lākou, he poʻe ʻimi ʻimi akamai. Hoʻāʻo lākou e hopu i kā lākou mea pio me ka wikiwiki o ka uila, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lālā o mua. ʻAi lākou i nā larvae a me nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi, e ʻai ana i nā ʻūhini liʻiliʻi, nā kikiki a me nā aphids.
ʻAi pū nā ʻūhini i nā nalo, nā pepe, nā ʻenuhe. I nā hihia o ka nele o nā ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe, keu hoʻi i ka paʻa ʻana i kahi ākea, hiki iā lākou ke nalu i kahi nalu o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ko lākou mau hoahānau ponoʻī.
ʻAi ʻūhini pua e ʻai ana i nā lau
A i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka laki maikaʻi, e ʻoliʻoli ka mea ikaika loa i ka mea nāwaliwali me ka makemake ʻole, me ke kānalua ʻole ʻole. I mea e loaʻa ai kā lākou koina koi o nā meaola, nā paʻakai a me nā protein, hiki i kēia mau mea kolo ke komo i ka ʻai a me nā feces.
Mai nā mea kanu mea kanu, hiki i nā ʻūhini ke ʻumeʻume i nā lau o nā mea kanu, akā ma nā wana ʻōpio wale nō. Aia kekahi mau ʻano no kēia ʻano meaʻai ka mea nui a hoʻokahi wale nō.
Eia nō naʻe, i kēia hihia, ʻo ka momona o nā ʻūhini i kekahi manawa e hōʻino i nā mea kanu a nā mea ulu. Akā i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻinoʻino weliweli, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nalo potato potato, kahi e luku ai i nā mea kanu ʻuala, maikaʻi loa nā ʻūhini.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Pili ka manawa a me ka lōʻihi o ke kau moʻa o nā ʻūhini i ka ʻāina a lākou e noho ai. I ka wahi mehana, hoʻomaka ia me nā lā Mei mahana a pau i kauwahi i Kepakemapa. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano o ke anilā o kekahi kau, ʻokoʻa paha nā lā i hōʻike ʻia.
Ke kaʻina hana moʻo o nā ʻūhini
ʻO ka hua o nā ʻelele kāne e ʻae e kēia wā i kahi capsule kūikawā. Eia hou, hoʻopili ke kāne iā ia i kāna hoa ma ka ʻōpū. A pēlā e komo ai ka wai puna i ka oviduct wahine.
ʻO ka mea aʻe, komo ka makuahine ʻūhini i ka lawe ʻana i nā testicle, a laila ma hope o kekahi mau lā waiho ʻo ia iā lākou, e koho ana i kahi kūpono loa, wahi noho malū a mehameha. Kupaianaha ka helu o nā hua: mai kahi mau haneli a i 1000 mau ʻāpana.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ʻikea nā lūlū. Hele lākou i loko o nā hanana hoʻomohala, e hele ana i ʻeono mau molts. I ka hopena, hoʻomohala lākou i nā ʻeheu, nā lālā ʻē aʻe o kahi mākua, a me nā ʻāpana hānau o ke kino. Pēlā e hōʻike ʻia i ka honua ʻūhini.
ʻO ka mea e hoʻoleʻaleʻa ai, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā ʻano āpau i ʻelua mau kāne. He wahine wale nō kekahi o lākou. No laila, ʻo nā hua i hiki i kēia mau kānaka ke hoʻomoe ke lilo i mea ʻole. Akā hiki nō ke hiki a i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā ʻūhini mai iā lākou, akā ʻo ka moekolohe wahine wale nō. A pēlā mau nō.
ʻO kahi ʻūhū wahine e hoʻomoe i nā hua manu i ka lepo
Ke ola nei nā ʻano ʻino, ke nānā nei i ke kahua o ka hua manu, hoʻokahi kau wale nō. ʻO ke kumu, ana ʻia ia e nā lā mehana o kekahi makahiki. Akā hoʻomau ke kaʻina hana kope a hiki i ke anuanu.
Ke kakali nei ka wahine i ka hoʻoilo, no laila kau pono ʻo ia i kāna mau hua i ka lepo. I kēia mokuʻāina, hoʻomanawanui lākou i ka hau a me ke anuanu, ke hoʻomau nei i ke ola i ka wā e hiki mai ana, i ka ʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau mākua, i make me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu.
