Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke ola ma lalo o ka uhi o ka pō, ka hana maʻamau o ka hūnā ʻana i nā kihi malu i ke ao a me ka hiamoe ʻana, e kau ana i luna i lalo, a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau holoholona i ulu aʻe ai nā kaʻao he nui a me nā hoʻokalakupua a puni kā lākou poʻe.
I ka wā i hala, ua manaʻo ʻia he vampires lākou, a ʻo ka poʻe e noho ana i nā kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua ʻike lākou, ma ke ʻano he kūpono nā mea o kēia ʻano, ʻai lākou i ke koko o nā kānaka a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe. A ʻaʻole i haku ʻia kēlā ʻano kuhihewa me ke kumu ʻole.
Me ke kanalua ʻole, he mau mea ʻano ʻē loa kēia o ke kūlohelohe, a me ko lākou hiʻohiʻona, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻia, kū hoʻokahi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he peʻapeʻa no kā lākou liʻiliʻi a me nā kani a lākou e hana ai, e like me ke ʻūlū.
Eia naʻe, he aha nā inoa kapakapa i hāʻawi wale ʻia ai lākou. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Lūkia ua kapa ʻia lākou he peʻapeʻa pepeiao lōʻihi, ʻōpeʻapeʻa, ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā mea like ʻole.
Neʻe nā peʻapeʻa e echolocation
Bat - ʻaʻole pili i nā rodents holoholona a hāʻawi ʻia e nā zoologists i ke ʻano o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa. ʻO ke kū hoʻokahi o kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻāina terrestrial, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia me nā opeapea hua, ʻo ia wale nō nā māmela e hiki ke neʻe i ka lewa, ʻoiai he mau eheu ko lākou.
Manaʻo ʻo Amateurs he manu wale ka hiki ke loaʻa kahi mea hoʻonaninani kūpono. Akā he kuhi hewa nui kēia, no ka mea, ua hiki i nā holoholona ke lele i ka lani. A ʻo ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa ka mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kēia.
Akā pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻēheu iki nā ʻeheu o nā mea momona i nā ʻāpana like o ke kino o nā manu. I ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa, he mau membrane ākea wale kēia e hoʻopili i nā lālā o ka holoholona, e hohola ʻia ma waena o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, me he mea lā ma waena o nā lima a me ko lākou manamana wāwae lōʻihi loa i mua, a me nā wāwae a me ka huelo ma ka hope.
ʻO ia mau ʻeheu, kahi e hana i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka nui o ka holoholona holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kiko o ka mika mika. Akā aia wale nō kēia i nā hiʻohiʻona nui, no ka mea hiki ke koho ʻia ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻohana i ka nui o kahi ʻelala.
He hoihoi nō hoʻi ia e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻeheu o ia mau holoholona no kā lākou kumu wale nō. Pāʻani pū lākou i ke ʻano o ke ʻano ʻahuʻū ma kahi e wahī ai kēia mau mea iā lākou iho, e mālama nei i ko lākou mehana i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ke poʻo o nā holoholona lele he ʻano poepoe liʻiliʻi. Uhi ʻia ko lākou kino me ka palupalu, ʻeleʻele hina a brownish, i kekahi mau hihia o nā malu ʻē aʻe, hulu hipa. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa: mānoanoa a shaggy a pōkole paha, a me ka sparse hoʻi.
Ke holo nei kēia mau holoholona i ka lele, no laila hoʻololi iki ʻia ko lākou mau lālā a hoʻomohala ʻia, akā hoʻopau ʻia i nā māiʻuʻu ikaika. Kōkua ka huelo i uhi ʻia i ka hulu i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e hana i nā maneuvers paʻakikī i ka lele ʻana.
He nāwaliwali ka ʻike ʻana o ia mau mea ola, a ʻaʻole lākou e manaʻo he pono kūikawā ia, no ka mea, lilo ka holoholona i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka pouli. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nui ka nui o nā pepeiao, a paʻa pono kēia mau ʻōnaehana i nā ʻano like ʻole, a hiki i nā leo pau ʻole ke maopopo ʻole.
Eia kekahi, ke lohe nei ke kōkua i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e hoʻokele i ka lewa. ʻO nā ʻūlū a lākou e hoʻopuka aku ai ke ʻano o nā nalu kani e hōʻike ʻia mai nā mea e pili ana a kōkua i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e hana i kahi kiʻi o ka maoli i loko o kā lākou lolo.
No ka pūnana, koho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā wahi pouli, a mālie hoʻi kahi e peʻe ai lākou mai ka lā mai.
ʻO kēia ala e ʻike ai i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo eolocation.
Nā ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa
He papa hea ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa?, ua ʻike mua mākou. ʻOiai ko lākou helehelena ʻē a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē, he mammal wale nō ia mau mea. Hāpai ko lākou suborder i ka inoa like me nā holoholona iā lākou iho, ʻo ia: ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
He paʻakikī kahi noiʻi kikoʻī o kā lākou laha e ka nohona huna i hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea e alakaʻi. Akā i kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o ʻehiku haneli mau ʻano o ia mau holoholona lele.
He vampires maoli lākou? Inā mākou e puʻunaue i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e like me ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, a laila aia kekahi mau ʻano ma ka Honua, akā ʻekolu wale nō o lākou. Eia nō naʻe, hoihoi loa lākou a no laila kūpono i kahi wehewehe kūikawā.
- ʻO ka vampire maʻamau kahi ʻano kaulana loa, a ua lilo ia i koa o nā moʻolelo he nui, a he nui nō hoʻi. Kāhea ʻia kona mau lunamakaʻāinana i nā koko nui a noho ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ma nā ʻāina e like me Uruguay, Argentina, Mexico.
Ke ola nei kēia mau mea ola i ko lākou inoa, ke hāʻawi nei i ka hiʻona o ka hewa loa. Hoʻohui pinepine lākou i nā kolone nui e ka helu o nā kānaka a noho i nā ana huna. Ma laila lākou e peʻe ai i ke ao i ka hui o kā lākou mau hoa, e hiamoe ana i kahi kūlana i luna. A hele lākou i waho e alualu wale i ka pō, hoʻouka i nā pipi, i kekahi manawa ke kanaka.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o kēia mau mea ke hana i kahi minamina i nā mines haʻalele ʻia, nā lua o nā kumulāʻau nui a me nā keʻena o nā hale huluhulu. Akā no ko lākou ʻano lawehala a pau, liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o kēia mau holoholona, a kaupaona wale lākou ʻaʻole ma mua o 50 g.
- ʻO ka vampire ʻēheu keʻokeʻo, e like me nā ʻano ma mua, i loaʻa ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, ma kona kikowaena a me ko ka hema wahi. Akā ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau mea ma mua o nā vampires maʻamau a hoʻouka wale i nā manu.
Kū lākou i waho me ka malu brownish-ʻulaʻula o ka hulu hipa, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ko lākou ʻōpū.
- ʻO ka vampire wawae huluhulu kahi kamaʻāina o ia wahi. Hoihoi kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana i ka makaʻu ʻole i ka poʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokokoke iā lākou a ʻae iā lākou e lawe ʻia i kā lākou lima.
Akā he maʻa mau iā lākou ke hoʻokokoke aku i kā lākou poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. A hiki i nā holoholona ʻelua a me nā manu ke lilo i poʻe ʻino. ʻO ka hulu hipa o kēlā mau holoholona ʻeleʻele-hina.
Pono e hoʻopili i kā lākou hiʻohiʻona i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hoʻolohe pepeiao koʻikoʻi i loko o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻonui hou kēia mau holoholona i ka hihiʻo.
Hiki i kahi vampire wāwae hulu ke lele kokoke i ka poʻe me ka makaʻu ʻole
ʻAʻole like me nā vampires hoa, nā ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa ʻē aʻe nā mea ola ʻole loa. ʻAʻole ʻai lākou i ke koko, akā pili wale i nā mea kanu a i nā kolo paha.
ʻOiai aia kekahi e huikau pinepine me nā lāhui ʻohana ʻimi hānai koko, a no laila e mālama iā lākou me ke akahele. Akā ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o nā lau nahele a me nā ʻanoʻano insectivorous he mau hiʻohiʻona hoihoi nō ia, a me ko lākou ʻano e ʻike ʻia e nā ʻano pilikino. No laila, kūpono kekahi o lākou i ka wehewehe kikoʻī.
- ʻO ka vampire wahaheʻe ka lālā nui loa o kēia ʻano mammal. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā vampires maoli i ka nui. ʻO ka ʻēheu o kēlā ʻano mea ma ka awelika ma kahi o 70 cm.
Hānai wale kēia mau kānaka i nā amphibians, nā moʻo, nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole a me nā hua kanu. I ka helehelena, ʻokoʻa kēia ʻano i nā kūpuna i kahi kiko o nā pepeiao.
Uhi ʻia ke kino o ia mau holoholona i ka huluhulu ʻeleʻele a hina paha. Loaʻa nā wāwae i nā pads palupalu a me nā kui kuʻi e like me ka lou.
ʻO ka vampire wahaheʻe nui o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa
- ʻO ka pilikana pō nui ka nui ma ʻEulopa. Noho nō kēia ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka expanses a Lūkia, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ʻo lākou ka nui ma waena o ko lākou lāhui. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ko lākou ʻēheu i ka hapalua mika, ʻo ka awelika o ke kaupaona he 75 g.
Kupaianaha loa kēia mau lunamaka o ka holoholona ʻaʻole wale no ka nui o ko lākou nui, akā no ko lākou kala ʻulaʻula, hiki ke brown a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO ko lākou ʻōpū, e like me ka maʻa mau i ka nui o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, ʻoi aku ka māmā.
No ke ola, koho nā holoholona i nā lua o nā kumulāʻau, hānai i nā mea kolo. I ke anuanu, lele lākou i nā wahi mehana.
- ʻO ka peʻapeʻa ihu puaʻa he mea liʻiliʻi ia e maʻalahi e huikau iā ia me kahi ʻōpala. A ʻo ke ʻano o ia mau mea he 2 g wale nō. He kamaʻāina lākou no kekahi mau mokupuni ʻo ʻAsia a me Thailand, e manaʻo ʻia nei he endemikō kēia mau ʻāina.
Alualu lākou i nā mea liʻiliʻi, e ʻākoakoa ana i nā pūʻā. He ʻeleʻele ke kala, i kekahi mau manawa me kahi aniani hina. ʻO ko lākou ihu e like me ka stigma puaʻa, kahi a kēia mau mea i loaʻa ai ka inoa.
- Harelip nui. Hoihoi kēia ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa no kāna papaʻai kūikawā a me nā makemake ʻono. A hānai lākou i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā rana a me ka crayfish, e noho kokoke ana i nā kino wai.
Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa i nā hoahānau, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i ke ao. Kupaianaha hoʻi ke ʻano o nā holoholona, me ke ʻano o ka waha a me nā pepeiao e like me nā hares. ʻUlaʻula ko lākou kapa, mālamalama loa.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha - ma kahi o 80 g. Noho lākou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAtenitina a me Mekiko hema, a ma kekahi mau mokupuni me kahi ʻano like.
ʻŌpeʻapeʻa Harelip nui
- Loaʻa ka ʻōpeʻele pepeiao ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i Eurasia a me nā ʻākau o ʻApelika. Mai nā wahi anuanu lele ia i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi mahana. ʻAʻole ʻālohilohi kona waihoʻoluʻu, brown-hina maʻamau, a he 12 g wale ke kaupaona, akā me nā pepeiao nui loa.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua ʻoi aku lākou i kekahi manawa i ka nui o ke kino i ka lōʻihi. A na kēia mau ʻokana e hāʻawi i ka holoholona i ka hiki ke lohe pono i nā kani āpau. A ʻae kēia i ka holoholona e hoʻokele hewahewa i ka pōʻele o ka pō i ka hopu holoholona.
ʻO ke kū ʻana o nā pepeiao nui i hāʻawi i ka inoa i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa - ʻōpeʻapeʻe lōʻihi pepeiao lōʻihi
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
I ka moʻomeheu a me nā kaʻao o nā lāhui he nui, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ia mau holoholona me he mau huakaʻi maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAʻole pili ka poʻe kahiko iā lākou me nā vampires wale nō, akā me nā lawehala ʻē aʻe: nā werewolves, nā hoʻokalakupua, nā ʻanāʻanā.
Ua hoʻohālikelike kēia mau mea i ka pouli a me ka make, akā ʻo ia ke kumu ʻōpeʻapeʻa holoholona totemlawelawe ma ke ʻano he kūʻē kūʻokoʻa loa - hānau hou: ka hōʻole ʻana i nā mea āpau āpau loa, ka make ʻana o nā ʻano kahiko a me nā manaʻo, a no laila ke komo ʻana i kahi ola hou.
Inā papa inoa ʻoe i nā wahi o ka Honua kahi i noho ai nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka holoholona, pono ʻoe e ʻōlelo ʻaneʻane lākou āpau, ke kāpae wale ʻana i nā kihi o ka hau a me ka hau mau, a me kekahi mau mokupuni e hoʻopuni ʻia e ka moana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau lele lele ke hele i laila.
Manaʻo nā Zoologists hiki i ke ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke aʻa kokoke i nā wahi āpau, i nā aniau a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka mea wale nō āna e makemake ai he wahi noho mālie ia, kahi e loaʻa ai iā ia ka manawa kūpono e peʻe ai i ka lā i inaina ʻia i ka lā.
ʻAʻole ʻae nā mea ola pēlā i ka huikau a me ka nui, akā i loko o nā kūlanakauhale nui hiki iā lākou ke lawe i kahi moemoeā i kekahi keʻena liʻiliʻi i kipa ʻia, ʻoiai inā ma kahi hale noho. No laila, hiki ke hōʻike kūpono ʻia iā lākou, e like me nā holoholona. Bat ʻaʻohe ona makaʻu i ke kanaka.
Akā makaʻu kekahi o ka poʻe i kēlā mau malihini kipa, hoʻopili wale ka prejudices. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale i nā mea aloha exotic mai ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau mea hoihoi e like me nā holoholona.
I ka wao nahele, no ka laʻana, i loko o kekahi ana pohihihi ākea, hiki i nā kolone o kēia mau holoholona ke helu he ʻumi kaukani mau lālā, a he mau miliona paha. I loko o kahi hale hoʻomaha, hoʻomaha lākou i ke ao, hoʻopili iā lākou iho me nā māiʻu teneless i nā ʻūlili, e kau ana, e like me nā hua pala, i lalo i lalo.
Akā ʻoiai ka nui o nā huikau a me nā hui i nā kaiāulu, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻōpeʻapeʻo he holoholona nohona. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia kā lākou koi kaiaulu i kekahi ʻano. Kūkākūkā iki lākou me ko lākou ʻohana. Moe wale lākou i ke ao, ʻo ia wale nō. A ʻimi hoʻokahi lākou i ka pō.
Inā noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma nā wahi maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ke aniau, i ka hoʻoilo hele pinepine lākou e ʻimi i nā wahi ʻoluʻolu a mehana hoʻi. A ʻo ia huakaʻi i kekahi manawa he mau mile kaukani. Akā i kekahi manawa makemake wale kēia mau mea ola e hele i kahi hibernation maʻamau.
Hiki i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke ʻākoakoa i nā kolamu miliona
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o nā niho i kēlā me kēia o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia suborder a pili pono i ke ala o ka hānai ʻana i kekahi laha. He mau niho ko nā mea omo koko, 20 mau ʻāpana wale nō, akā kaulana lākou no nā ʻāʻī lōʻihi. ʻO nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ʻē aʻe he 38.
Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka ʻeleu o ko lākou niho a lawelawe i ka wili ʻana i ka meaʻai ʻai ʻole e komo i ka waha. Hiki i kekahi ʻano lūlū koko ke hana i ka pōʻino nui i kā lākou mau mea i hōʻino ʻia, no ka mea, ʻo nā enzyme i komo i loko o ke koko o nā mea i hōʻino ʻia a me ka lawaiʻa o nā holoholona e hoʻouka nei ke hiki i ka nahu ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka nui o ke koko.
A inā hoʻouka ʻia e kahi hui holoʻokoʻa, e laʻa me nā vampires maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka hopena make ma mua o ka mea.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka pō ia no ia mau mea ola ka manawa o ka ʻimi holoholona, a hoʻomaka ko lākou ola hana me ke kukuna hope o ka lā e puka ana. ʻAʻole ʻike kēia mau māmele lele i kā lākou mau mea i hōʻino ʻia, akā lohe, hopu i kā lākou neʻe iki.
Hiki i nā ʻano insectivorous, ke hoʻohui i nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻēheu a me nā kolo kolo, hiki ke ʻai i nā ʻenuhe honua, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā rana. Nui nō hoʻi nā lāhui e ʻai wale i nā hua a inu i ka nectar o nā pua.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Pehea ke aloha maoli o ka noho aloha ʻana a me ka male ʻana o kēia mau mea i mea paʻakikī i ka ʻepekema e ʻike kikoʻī, makemake lākou e alakaʻi i kahi nohona huna loa.
Hiki i kekahi ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke hānai i ka nectar o nā pua.
Akā i kekahi mau manawa, hiki ke lohe ʻia nā leo hoihoi loa e kokoke ana i nā wahi o nā opeapea. ʻO kēia ka launa o nā keonimana no kā lākou mau lede a me kā lākou mau kāhea aloha.
Mākaukau nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e noho ana i nā wahi me nā kūlana maikaʻi a me nā anilā mahana no nā hana moʻo male i kēlā me kēia manawa a hiki ke hana i nā keiki i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki. I nā wahi me nā ʻano ʻino kūlohelohe, kū ka moena o kēia mau mammal ʻēheu ma mua o ka hibernation.
A ʻo kēia kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau holoholona. Bat, ʻoi aku ka pololei, ka wahine o ia suborder, hiki i ka hāpai ʻana ʻaʻole koke, akā i kekahi manawa ma hope o ka launa ʻana me kahi hoa.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, e like me ka manaʻo o ke kūlohelohe, e hoʻohua wale kāna mau hua ma hope o ke ala ʻana o ka puna. A a hiki i ka manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia, ʻo ka sperm o ke kāne, me he mea lā, e waiho nei i loko o kona kino i kahi mālama.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke hāpai ʻana ke inoa me ka pololei, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa ka manawa. A ʻaʻole lākou e kaukaʻi wale i ka laha, akā, i nā ʻano a puni hoʻi, ke ʻano - ka mahana.
Akā ke hiki mai ka manawa, hānau ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau keiki. Noho mua lākou i ka ʻeke huelo. A hoʻokahi pule ma hope ke hele nei lākou mai laila, akā hoʻomau i ke ola, e hānai ana i ka waiū o ka makuahine.
No laila, ke loaʻa nei ka ikaika i nā pēpē, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina ua hiki iā lākou ke hānai iā lākou iho.
I ka nīnau: he aha ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēia mau mea ola paʻakikī e pane, no ka mea pili ia i ka laha e pili ana i kēia ʻōpeʻapeʻa. Ma ka awelika, he 5 mau makahiki ia, akā hiki ke 20 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki.
He mea hoihoi ia ke mālama ʻia ma ka home, ʻaʻole e ola lōʻihi kēlā mau holoholona, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka hapa nui o nā mea ola, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe - emi. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hiki ʻole ke hana me ka hana i makemake ʻia a e like me nā pōʻaiapili maoli. A he mea ʻino loa kēia i kā lākou meaola.
