ʻIke paha kēlā me kēia māla a me ka māla i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula. Me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o kahi kanaka, hemo koke ʻo ia, e lawe ana i kona kino pālahalaha.
He moʻolelo kahiko ko ka ʻeleka. I Burmese a me Lebanona amber, ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 miliona mau makahiki, i loaʻa kinai ahi. No ke aha i kapa ʻia ai ka ʻenekema kēlā, maopopo leʻa mai ka nānā ʻana i kāna lole o nā kala ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻulaʻula-ʻalani, ʻano maʻamau no nā ʻenekini ahi. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili i kahi nalo me nā mea ahi.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka mea ahi kina ahi insect pili i ka ʻohana o nā nalo palupalu, hōʻike ka inoa i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona nui - nā huina kino palupalu i loaʻa ʻole ka uhi chitinous paʻakikī. I nā kumuwaiwai ʻepekema, ʻike ʻia ka inoa piha o ka nalo - beetle palupalu wāwae wāwae.
Noho ia i nā wahi mehana a anuanu hoʻi, hāʻawi ʻia ka mea ahi ma luna o ka ʻāina nui o Eurasia.
ʻO 1.5% wale nō ka lōʻihi o ka kolo. He kino elongated a pālahalaha ke kino. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōpū me nā apo o ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻalani. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke poʻo nui. ʻAʻohe lehelehe luna. Loaʻa i nā antormnae filifilia 11 i kekahi.
ʻEleʻele ʻo Elytra, hina hina i ke kala. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ke kino me villi. Ma mua o ke kua, kokoke i ke poʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kiko ʻeleʻele i ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai, akā hoʻololi ke kahakaha o ke kaha kiʻi no kēlā me kēia ʻelele o ka laha.
ʻO ka nalo Firefighter i ke kiʻi hahau mau me nā ʻano lohi a me nā antennae lōʻihi, e like me nā antennas, hoʻoili ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā huna ahi wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou e ko lākou maiuu. I nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou.
ʻO nā nalo palupalu, kūpono ka lākou larva i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia nā pepelu ʻeleu i nā pua o nā mea kanu, nā kanu māla o nā raspberries, nā strawberry, nā currants, a pēlā aku.
ʻAʻole pili nā manu, nā mea kolo nui i nā mea ahi no ko lākou hiki ke pale iā lākou iho. I nāʻiʻo o nā nalo he mea i kapa ʻia ʻo cataridin, kahi mea ʻawahia i nā ʻenemi. ʻOiai e ʻimi holoholona ana, hoʻouka ka mea ʻānai liʻiliʻi i nā ʻenuhe, nā lele, a me nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, nahu iā lākou a ʻeha i ka lāʻau make e like me ka nahesa.
Ma hope o ka immobilizing ʻana i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, hoʻokuʻu lākou i kahi wai kūikawā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā aʻa o ka mea pio e lawe i nā meaʻai.
Inā hopu ʻoe i ka nalo palupalu a lawe i kou lima, e hoʻokuʻu ia i kahi wai koko me kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole mai ka ʻōpū. Hōʻoia, nahu mai nā ʻāpā ahi ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole waiwai. ʻIke ʻia e nahu ke ʻike ʻia me nā ālau-e like me nā niho o nā moʻo nāhesa.
Hoʻopakele pinepine kēlā paʻa i ka nalo mai ka mea hoʻouka, nāna e wehe wale i kona poho lima. ʻĀʻī ahi lele lele pinepine a hoʻohālikelike paha i ka make, e hoʻopili ana i nā lālā. ʻOiai i ka lele ʻana, ʻaʻole paʻakikī e hopu i kahi kolo - ua liʻiliʻi ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka nalo ma muli o ka hilinaʻi i kona palekana ponoʻī.
ʻO nā larvae o nā pulu palupalu ke nānā aku e like me ka pūpū o nā pōpō pouli shaggy. Noho ka larva i ke kaiapuni o nā lau i hāʻule, wahie popopo, lepo, ma lalo o ka ʻiʻo o nā kumulāʻau. Neʻe wikiwiki. ʻAi lākou i nā larva liʻiliʻi o nā congeners, kā lākou mau hua.
Loaʻa iā lākou ka digestion extraintestinal. I loko o ke kino o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, hoʻōlapa ka larva i ka wai digestive, nāna e luku i nā pā, a laila omo i ka wai hopena.
I ka puna, hoʻoheheʻe ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai i nā pele i waho o ka hau, a ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau ʻino hau. Kū ka ulu ʻana o ka larvae no 2-3 mau makahiki, pupate lākou i ka lepo.
Pahu ahi ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni i nā pest pest. I mea e ʻumeʻume ai i nā mea kolo maikaʻi, koi ʻia e mālama i nā lau i hāʻule ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kumulāʻau, mai hoʻohana i nā pesticides, mai ʻeli i ka wahi, keu hoʻi nā pōʻai kokoke. ʻO nā nalo palupalu nā mea kōkua maoli i ka mahiʻai.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o ka nalo ahi aʻo maikaʻi. Aia kekahi ʻano i ʻike ʻia no ka kaohi ʻana i nā ipo i ka hale e hoʻohana ana i nā nalo palupalu. Lawa wale ia e lawe mai i nā ʻano ʻelala ʻelua - ʻaʻohe ʻulaʻula Prussians. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hōʻino i ka nui o nā nalo i loko o ka wahi like ke ʻai lākou i nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā hua o nā lāʻau.
No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ke kaulike kūlohelohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili pono i nā mea ahi a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā hoalauna inā ʻae lākou. ʻAʻole eʻoi aku ka nui o nā mīkina lima i kēia hana, ʻoiai ka nahu nā nalo.
ʻO kahi hana ʻē aʻe e kāpīpī i ka wahi me ka hui ʻana o ka lepo paka a i ʻole nā kika paka. Hoʻopau ka pilau hohono i nā kolo. Akā kōkua kēia hana o ka makaʻu a hiki i ka ua mua.
ʻO nā hana kolohe o ka noi e hoʻohana i ka chalk "Mashenka", i haki ʻia a kāpīpī ʻia ma nā palena o kekahi wahi.
Hana maikaʻi ʻia ka hemo ʻana o nā kolo i loko o ka hale me nā lāʻau kūlohelohe. Hiki i nā mea o ka mea pale ke pale i nā mea kanu Provencal, ka pepa ʻulaʻula, ka lehu lāʻau. Akā ʻaʻole kūpono kēia hana i nā manawa āpau.
Paipai ʻia e hopu i nā kolo me ka lima, no laila pehea e hoʻopau ai i nā nalo ahi i loko o ka hale ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika.
Nā ʻano
He nui ka ʻohana o nā nalo palupalu - aneane 4000 mau ʻano. Aia he 4 mau ʻohana ʻohana. ʻOiai ka pale ʻole ʻana o waho, ka liʻiliʻi o nā kolo, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopili ʻia i ka papaʻai a ka manu ma muli o nā mea ʻino i loko o nā kino o ko lākou kino.
Ma waho aʻe o nā nūnū ahi ahi kaulana, a i ʻole nā ʻāʻī palupalu wāwae wāwae, i kā mākou latitude ka mea maʻamau.
- ka nalo palupalu ʻeleʻele - kahi kamaʻāina o nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pepeke ʻo 1.1 - 1.5 cm.ʻO kaʻula he ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae. Nā larvae o ka nalo palupalu ʻeleʻele me 3 mau paʻa wāwae ʻelua. ʻO kahi poʻo pālahalaha me 2 mau maka. ʻAi ka larvae i nā ʻenuhe, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a ʻai pū kekahi i kekahi. Noho lākou i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, ma nā mea kanu, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, a pee lākou i ka lepo;
- pēpē palupalu pua (ʻulaʻula) - nā kihi ʻeleʻele o ka elytra palupalu a me ke ʻano huinahalike o ka pronotum e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia ʻano mai nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 cm. Nā hale noho pua a me nā mānoanoa o nā mea kanu. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka nalo ma waena o ʻEulopa. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke kūlohelohe mai Mei a Kepakemapa.
Nui nā beetles predatory ma waena o nā nalo palupalu, akā aia kekahi mau mea ʻai ʻona e māʻona i nā meaʻai kanu wale nō.
Ma waho aʻe o nā nalo e pili pono i ke kūlohelohe, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻohana āpau loa - ka firefly maʻamau, a he ʻāpana hoʻi ia o ka ʻohana beetles me ka elytra palupalu (elytra).
Noho nā kukui ahi i nā subtropics a me nā tropic. He hiki kupaianaha ko lākou e hoʻomālamalama i ka pouli. ʻAʻole nā fireflies āpau i nā ʻōnaehana luminiferous, kekahi mau ʻālohilohi e ke kāne: ʻo nā wahine wale nō a me nā kāne wale nō.
Meaʻai kūpono
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano predatory o nā nīnūnā ahi i ka ʻimi holoholona no nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole: aphids, nā ʻenuhe, nā ʻiʻo lau liʻiliʻi, nā larvae o nā nalo palupalu ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā meaola i pale ʻia e ka uhi chitinous paʻakikī loa ia no kahi nalo ahi.
Hele mai nā piʻo palupalu wāwae wawae i kahi pio a noho paha ma luna. E kaomi me nā ā mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ke kūʻē. ʻO nā ʻāhiwi ʻoi loa a me ka ʻāʻī, i hoʻolālā ʻia e paʻa, ʻaʻole nau, e kōkua i ka mālama pio.
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka lāʻau make a me ka wai digestive i loko o ke kino o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia e kōkua ai e hoʻolilo i ka mea i unuhi ʻia i meaʻai. Hoʻopili ka papaʻai i nā kolo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui ma mua o ka predator ponoʻī.
ʻAʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o nā māla e pili ana i nā pono o kahi mea kinai ahi, ʻimi lākou e kāpae iā ia, e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia ma ke ʻano he pest mea kanu. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā beetle palupalu me ka ʻulaʻula i ka pūnaewele i ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi.
Nānā pū nā larva beetle Firefighter i ka papaʻai o nā mea ʻino. ʻO ka mea e ʻoliʻoli ai, ʻo ka helu o nā mea kanu kīhāpai i luku ʻia e nā ʻenela ʻēheu palupalu ma mua o ka poʻe mākua, hoʻomohala nā nalo. ʻAi ka larvae i nā millipedes like ʻole, nā ilo, a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
He aha nā mea ahi e ʻai koe wale no nā holoholona liʻiliʻi? Inā ua ʻākoakoa ka nui o nā nalo wīwī wāwae wāwae i hoʻokahi wahi, a laila uku ʻia ka nele o ka meaʻai holoholona e nā mea kanu mea kanu.
Hoʻopili nā nalo i nā pua pua, nā greens o nā hua hua, hōʻino i nā māla a me nā māla. ʻAʻole pinepine kēia e hana pinepine ʻia, no laila manaʻo lōkahi ka poʻe loea i nā pōmaikaʻi o nā nalo mai nā mea kuni ahi ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻeha.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ke kauwela wela, i ka wā e hoʻomehana pono ai ka lepo a me ka ea, hoʻomaka ka wā hānau o nā nalo palupalu wāwae wawae. Hāʻule kēia manawa i Iulai, ka zenith o ke kauwela.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine i kāna mau hua ma luna o kekahi ʻano palupalu palu: kahi litter o nā lau, nā ʻōpala mea kanu decomposed, nā ʻōpala lāʻau, nā ʻōpala pala, nā lālā, a pēlā aku. Ma hope o ke kau ʻana i nā hua momona, make ka wahine a me ke kāne ma hope o kekahi manawa.
Hoʻopau ka hoʻoulu ʻana i 15-20 mau lā - pili ka manawa i ka mehana mahana. ʻIli ʻeleʻele kahi huluhulu pouli lauoho. I ka helehelena, ʻano like ia me nā lei shaggy e pili ana kekahi i kekahi, ʻano like me ka lei. Pili ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā larvae me ka hānai hana a me ka neʻe.
Hoʻomohala ka Larvae i nā ʻano like ʻole. Loaʻa i kekahi o lākou ka manawa e pupate ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi e hibernate i ka lāʻau popopo a i ʻole nā lau popopo. ʻO ka pupation o ka hope i kahi i ka puna, ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana.
Hiki ke loaʻa kēia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe i kekahi wahi ma lalo o ka ʻili lāʻau kahiko. I ʻelua mau pule ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia nā palupalu ʻulaʻula me ka wāwae, a i ka mahina ua mākaukau lākou e hānau hou.
Noho wikiwiki a me ke ola kūʻokoʻa ʻaʻole lōʻihi. Pōkole loa ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ka nalo ahi - ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i nā poʻe māla, nā ʻāʻā ahi, hāʻawi i ka laina kūpono o ke ʻano i ke kaua ʻana i nā mea kanu kīhāpai. Ma ka mālama ʻana i nā redflies wawae wāwae maikaʻi, hāʻawi nā mea nona ka pūnaewele i kahi kūlohelohe no nā hua e oʻo a hoʻomau.
