He aha ke ʻano o ka manu e nihi ana i ka ʻiliʻili, e ʻānai ana i kona hulu ʻōpū? "ʻAʻole titmouse, ʻaʻole hoʻi cuckoo, akā ʻike ʻole ʻia tirkushka "... ʻO ka inoa Lākina o ka genus tirkushek ʻO Glareola, diminutive o ka ʻōlelo glarea (ʻiliʻili), ʻōlelo e pili ana i kāna koho ʻokoʻa o nā mea kūkulu hale no ka pūnana. He ʻeleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka manu, akā he ʻano lilelile loa. He aha ka mea e hoihoi ai, e haʻi pololei mākou iā ʻoe.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Ua like ʻo Tirkushki me nā manu waena. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa i ke kaʻina o nā plovers, a laila i ke kaʻina o nā waders. Ma waho ua like lākou me nā ʻōlapa, he mau wāwae pōkole like ko lākou, nā ʻēheu lōʻihi lōʻihi a me nā huelo elongated forked.
Hāʻawi wale ke kala i kahi manu ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hulu pinepine o kā lākou hulu i kahi hina one a brownish hue paha. ʻO ka nuku he keʻa ma waena o ka nuku o kahi moa a me kahi nightjar. A ʻokiʻoki loa kekahi mau manu i ka waha, a hōʻea i ka lihi mua o nā maka.
He holoʻokoʻa kā Tirkushki o nā maneuvers "kamaʻilio". Aia nā hoʻohaunaele hoʻonāukiuki ke loaʻa ka hoʻoweliweli, hiki i nā manu ke hana i kahi moemoeā wahaheʻe ʻole, a laila lawe koke aʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i kahi manu ʻeha e lele haʻahaʻa ana ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau.
A i ʻole versa, hoʻohālike i kahi hoʻouka. Eia hou, ʻo kā lākou leʻaleʻa punahele ke hele wāwae nei i ka wai kai papau. ʻO kahi manu dexterous, ʻeleu, lele manu e holo ana i ke kuli i kahi kahawai a i ʻole kaiāwa e ʻumeʻume pinepine i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe a pau i kahi kiʻi paʻi kiʻi.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Tirkushka ma kahi o nā ʻano wai like ʻole
ʻO Tirkushka ma ke kiʻi ʻo ka hoihoi loa i ka wā o nā kaʻina male. Hoʻokele ke aniani i nā poses hulahula kupaianaha o nā hoa ʻelua. I kēia manawa, hāpai ʻia nā ʻeheu i luna ma hope o ke kua, e like me ʻelua pea.
A hulu ʻia ka hulu ma ka ʻāʻī e hoʻokūkū i ke kola. Hoʻohui ʻia, hohola lākou i ko lākou ʻāʻī a apono i kahi kūlana papamoe kūikawā. Noho mālie a muffled kā lākou mau hōʻailona kani, ʻokiʻoki iki. Lohe pinepine ʻia lākou i ka manawa o ka hopohopo, ma mua o ka lele ʻana, i ka wā o nā hulahula a ma mua o ka hekili.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka steppe tirkushka
Nā ʻano
Tirkushka Hikina (Glareola malfvarum). ʻIʻike pū ʻia kekahi ʻūhini manu a i ʻole ka ʻulu plover. Nui a 25 cm, ke kaumaha a 95 g. ʻO ka hope a me ke poʻo ʻeleʻele, a kū nā hulu lele antracite i nā ʻeheu. Keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, chestnut nā mea i lalo. ʻ tellslelo ka inoa o nā laha iā mākou he ʻōiwi ia no nā Maldives.
Noho i nā wahi mahana o Asia Hema a me Hikina, nā lāhui ma Pakistan, neʻe no ka hoʻoilo i India, Indonesia a me Australia. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ua ʻike ʻia lākou i kahi mamao loa mai ko lākou wahi noho mau - ma UK.
Pehea a no ke aha lākou e hele ai i laila ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka manawa mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā ʻano i 1981 ma Suffolk. Ua ʻike pū ʻia nō kekahi manu manu ʻē ma ʻEulopa, ma ka Hikina Hema a me ʻApelika.
ʻO Steppe tirkushka (ʻeleʻele-ʻeleu), ʻO Glareola nordmann... Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ma hope o ka Zoologist Finnish a me ka mea mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Alexander von Normann. ʻO ka manu o "ākea ākea". Noho ma Europe Hikina Hema a me ʻAkia Hema Hema. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā moku ʻo Voronezh, Tula, i kekahi manawa hiki i Ufa.
Ma waho o nā kuahiwi Ural hiki i Omsk. I ka hema, ʻike ʻia a hiki i ke kapakai o ke Kai ʻEleʻele. ʻO Winters ma ʻApelika. Ka nui a i 28 cm, ke kaumaha a 100 g lau nahele a hikina nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO kona helehelena a me kāna ʻano lele e like loa me ka moni ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hōʻoluʻolu ola e nā pāpū steppe me nā lau nahele maikaʻi ʻole. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā loko paʻakai a me nā kino o ka wai hou e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai.
Meadow tirkushka (kola a kola paha), ʻO Glareola pratincola... Hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka inoa kikoʻī ma ke ʻano he hui o nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua: “prati "- nāhelehele,"incola"- kupa. Maʻalahi ke ʻike aku i nā ʻāina āpau e pili ana i ke Kaiwaenahonua a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele, a ma nā kula pālahalaha hoʻi ma ka Volga a me Danube, ma nā steppes o ka hema o Rūsia a me Siberia.
Ua hāʻawi ka manu i nā tirkushki ʻē aʻe āpau me ka inoa pinepine "pratincola". He ʻeleʻele ke kino o luna a keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka ʻāʻī melemele ʻulaʻula e kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, e like me ke kola.
ʻAno like loa me nā ʻano ʻelua ma mua, ʻokoʻa i ka malu o nā ʻēheu lalo a me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo. Aia he 2 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia - ʻApelika a me ka Hikina Waena. I ka lele ʻana, e like me ka ʻāpiki, like ia me ka moni i ka ale.
I ka kiʻi aia kahi meadow tirkushka, no ka plumage māmā a puni ka ʻāʻī a kapa ʻia ʻo ke kola a i ʻole ke kola
ʻO tirkushka ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo (pōhaku), ʻO Glareola nuchalis... ʻAiwi ʻApelika ʻAiwi. ʻElua mau mea kōkua - Liberian a me Long-necked. Nui a 19.5 knm, ka huelo a 6 cm, ke kaumaha a 52 g. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka laina keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī, mai nā maka a kokoke i ka hope o ke poʻo.
Hoʻololi nā kāne ʻelua i kahi kani huluhulu puʻuwai wīwī, purr mele, akā hiki ke walaʻau nui ke pīhoihoi. Noho lākou ma nā pōhaku ma nā kahawai a me nā loko. Ke hoʻokahe ʻia nā awāwa kahawai, neʻe lākou mai kēlā a me kēia wahi. Haki lākou i mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi a hiki i 26 mau pālua a pūnana i nā pōhaku.
Makemake lākou e ʻauana i nā wai anuanu i ka lā wela. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou e noho ana ma nā hippo, i pili i nā ʻohana hū. ʻO nā meaʻai maʻamau nā butterflies, nā lele, nā nalo, cicadas, nā ʻūhini.
Haʻalele nā mākua Nesting i ka pūʻolo a hana i ko lākou honua liʻiliʻi. Hana maʻamau kēia i ka wā maloʻo. No laila, hana ʻia nā pūnana ma nā pōhaku, kokoke i ka wai. Hoʻomaka koke nā moa ʻaʻole wale no ka holo, akā no ka ʻauʻau pū kekahi.
ʻO tirkushka Madagascar, ʻO Glareola Ocularis... ʻAʻohe ona kola pouli ma kona umauma, e like me ka steppe, ka nāhelehele a me nā ʻohana hikina, a ʻaʻohe koloke keʻokeʻo e hoʻonani i ka tirkushka pōhaku. Akā ma lalo o nā makaʻeleʻele, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā eyeliners keʻokeʻo, a kala iki ka ʻōpū me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
Loaʻa ma Comoros, ʻAitiopa, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Somalia a me Tanzania. ʻIke ʻia ma Mauritius. ʻO nā ululāʻau subtropical pulu, nā wahi kai ʻo wai i papahū ʻia, nā loko wai kai, nā kahakai pōhaku a me nā wai kūpikī nā mea e ʻumeʻume i kēia manu
I ke kiʻi ʻo Madagascar teal
Kāleka tirkushka (Glareola cinirea)... Kupa o Asia Waena a me komohana. Hiki i ka 20 knm i ka nui, ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 37 g. ʻO ka leo nui o ke kala ʻeleʻele i ka hope, keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū a me ka puʻu. ʻAlani ka nuku me ka wēlau ʻeleʻele. ʻUlaʻula nā wāwae. Aia ka manawa hānau i ka ʻāina o ka nohona. Ma Gabon, Pepeluali-Malaki, ma Kongo, Iune-ʻAukake, a ma Nigeria, Malaki-Iune.
ʻO tirkushka liʻiliʻi (ʻO Glareola lactea). ʻO ka pratinkola India liʻiliʻi, a i 18 cm ka nui. Loaʻa ma Pakistan komohana, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India. Nā lā mai Kekemapa a Malaki i nā ʻiliʻili a me nā ʻae one kokoke i ka wai. Huikau pinepine ʻo ia me nā swift a ale paha.
Ma ka honua ke nānā pono ʻole ia - hina hina, ʻaneʻane waiū malu (no laila ka inoa o nā laha "lacteal"- waiū). Hoʻohui ʻia i ke kala me ka lepo maloʻo. ʻO ke poʻo wale nō o ke poʻo e hāʻawi i kahi kī kokoleka, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻāhinahina keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele i nā ʻeheu. I ko lākou pūnana aia kekahi mau hua he 2 o ke kala beige kaulike ʻole, me ke ʻano o ka plaster plack.
Meadow tirkushka Nuhōlani - ke ʻano wale nō o ka genus Stiltia, ka inoa binomial ʻO Stiltia isabella... ʻO nā lāhui ma Australia, nā mea hoʻonui i laila, akā i kekahi manawa neʻe i New Guinea a i Indonesia paha no kahi loli. He one nomadic ia e ʻoluʻolu i nā wahi maloʻo o ka ʻāina.
Helu ka heluna kānaka ma kahi o 60 tausani kānaka. ʻO nā ʻano hou aʻe mai ke komohana hema o Kuiniselani a i ka ʻākau o Victoria a ma waena o ʻAukekulelia a hiki i ka moku ʻo Kimberley. A i ka hoʻoilo neʻe lākou i ka ʻākau o Australia, Java, Sulawesi a me Borneo Hema. ʻO kahi manu kūliʻiliʻi me kahi nuku meli.
Lōʻihi a hiki i 24 cm, ʻēheu a hiki i 60 knm, kaupaona a 75 g. Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne, akā ʻokoʻa ka plumage i ka wā o ka male ʻana mai ka maʻamau. A laila lilo ke kino holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa i malumalu o ke kofe me ka waiū.
Ma nā wēlau o nā ʻeheu aia nā māka lanahu, ma ka ʻōpū he kaha ākea ākea o ke kala like. Keʻokeʻo ka puʻu a he one ka umauma. ʻUlaʻula ka nuku me ke kumu ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele nā maka. ʻOi aku ka paler o ka plumage ma waho o ke kau moʻo.
Aloha Hawaii
Ola ʻo Tyrkushka i ka wao nahele steppe a me nā wahi pōhaku o Eurasia, ʻApelika a me ʻAukekulia. Noho lākou i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, e ʻākoakoa ana i nā hui nui wale no ka lele. E like me nā partridges, makemake lākou i nā palena hema. ʻO kēlā mau laha e pūnana i nā aniau, he poʻe neʻe mamao aku.
Kaulana lākou a hiki i ʻAigupita Kahiko, ke hoʻokolokolo nei e nā frescoes ma nā kia hoʻomanaʻo. Ma laila, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi manu nimble ma ke ʻano he mea ʻimi holoholona, a i ʻole i kekahi hana hoihoi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo tirkushki a me nā mea holo e pili ana i manaʻo ʻia he manu aloha nā crocodiles.
Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ko lākou waha hāmama, a ʻaʻole hoʻopā nā mea hoʻomakeʻa i nā manu. No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo tirkus ma ʻApelika e noho ana ma ko lākou kua i nā hippos wale nō, akā i nā alligators toothy weliweli hoʻi. ʻO Habitat - ke kula ʻole, hāmama a liʻiliʻi hoʻi o ka ulu lāʻau, nā kula a me nā wahi pōhaku.
Basically, moe kēia mau panalāʻau i ka wahi o ka ua haʻahaʻa, a ua māno pinepine. A laila lele nā manu kokoke i nā wahi wai, nā kahawai, nā moena kahawai, nā ʻauwai, nā waipuna a me nā kai kū kai. Aloha nui ʻo Tirkushki i ka wai, keu hoʻi i ka wā o ka pūnana.
Hiki iā lākou ke manaʻo ʻia he poʻe alualu kiʻi, no ka mea ke hana nui nei lākou i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. I ka lā e ala nui lākou, kokoke pinepine i ka wai. A i ka pō hiamoe lākou i ke ala hele. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona kuʻi ʻia ko lākou lele lele lokomaikaʻi ʻole ʻana. ʻO kēia kahi o nā kinona, nā huli, nā ālena nani, nā ala ma nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole.
Inā pololi ka manu, lele pololei ia ma luna o ka honua. Inā piha ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke leʻaleʻa i ka lele mai kahi mamao aku, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe nei. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi manu lele, hui pū ka tirkushki, a hoʻāʻo pū kekahi e kipaku i ka mea hoʻomake. A i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi kanaka, palu a holo i kahi pōʻai, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohuli i ka makaʻu mai ka pūnana mai.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻokoʻa ko lākou kaila ʻimi holoholona. Hānai maʻamau lākou i ka lele, e like me nā ale, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka honua. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ko lākou nuku pōkole i ka lele ʻana. He wikiwiki a maʻalahi hoʻi kā lākou neʻe ʻana, ua loaʻa pono iā lākou ka mea i hōʻino ʻia.
ʻO kā lākou papaʻai nā ʻelele lele (nā nalo, nā lele, nā nalo, nā makika, nā nahele eheu), nā nananana, nā ʻūhini, nā ʻūhini a me nā millipedes. ʻAʻole haʻalele ʻia nā kauā ma nā wahi wela o ʻApelika. Inā alualu lākou i ka meaʻai ma ka honua, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e ʻohiʻohi wale, akā holo i hope o ka mea pio me nā ʻeheu i hohola ʻia.
Nānā leʻaleʻa kā lākou holo: dash, stop, wagging tail, a i kekahi manawa lele i kahi mika i ke kiʻekiʻe. Holo holo aku lākou ma luna o nā nāhelehele, ma luna o nā ʻohe, e holo wikiwiki ana i lalo e hopu i kahi kolo. E ale holoʻokoʻa. Inu lākou i ka wai hou a paʻakai hoʻi, no ka mea he mau paʻakai kā lākou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Loaʻa ka oʻo kolohe i ka makahiki mua o ke ola. Manu Tirkushka paʻa, paʻa paʻa, pelu i mua o ka hōʻea ʻana mai ka hoʻoilo a paʻa no ke koena o ko lākou ola. Pili nā hoa ʻelua i ka noho aloha. ʻO ka mea mua, hana kekahi i kahi hulahula maʻamau, kaomi i kona nuku, kiola i nā mea liʻiliʻi a ʻānai i kona ʻōpū i ka honua.
ʻO wai ka mea ʻike, ʻo ka inoa paha “tirkushka"ʻIke ʻia ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i kēlā ʻano hana? Ke hoʻi nei i kona wahi maoli, ua mākaukau ka wahine e hanau keiki i kēia manawa koke. Hana pololei ʻia nā pūnana ma ka honua a ma nā pōhaku. Koho lākou i kahi kaumaha, a i ʻole loaʻa i kahi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi, a hohola i nā ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi, nā pulu maloʻo, mauʻu, limu a me nā koʻokoʻo ma laila.
Aia i loko o ka pūnana nā hua manu he 2 a 4 o kahi kalima mālamalama a i ʻole ke kala ʻalani brownish me nā kaha wavy, nā kiko a me nā kiko. Nui 31 * 24 mm. Lawe nā mākua ʻelua i ka hatching, a me ka hānai ʻana aʻe. Hoʻomaka e holo koke nā moa Fluffy o ke kala one-one ma hope o ka hatching.
Aia i loko o ke kiʻi kahi pua o ka tirkushka
Ma hope o 10 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā hulu, e 3 mau pule ua hulu piha lākou. Hoʻomau ka makua i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa a hiki i ka lele ʻana, a i 4 mau pule. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, hoʻopiha hou ʻia nā ʻohana hipa me nā huakaʻi hou i mākaukau e lele i nā kahua hoʻoilo.
ʻO ke ola ʻana o nā manu e like ia me nā waders - ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki. Pono nā ʻano he nui i ka pale, no ka mea aia lākou i loko o ka Red Book, a i ʻole ma ke kaʻe o ke komo ʻana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā helu i nā hana a ke kanaka a me ka loli. Eia kekahi, i kahi kau maloʻo nui, ua hala nā manu i ka hoʻoulu.
