ʻO ka inoa Lākina o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha o arachnids "Solifugae" ʻo ia hoʻi "ke pakele ʻana mai ka lā". Solpuga, scorpion o ka makani, bihorka, phalanx - nā ʻano wehewehe like ʻole o kahi mea kolo, i like ke ʻano o ka nananana, akā pili i nā omnivores. He mea ʻaihue maoli kēia, nā hālāwai e hiki ai ke hoʻopau i nā nahu ʻeha.
Spider solpuga
Nui nā kaʻao e pili ana i nā solpugs. Ma ʻApelika Hema, ua kapa ʻia lākou he poʻe lauoho no ka mea manaʻoʻiʻo lākou i ka lulu ʻia o nā pūnana i lalo me nā lauoho kanaka a me nā holoholona, i ʻako ʻia e nā chelicerae ikaika (nā ʻāpana waha).
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻIke ʻia nā predators ma waena o ʻAsia ma kahi o 5-7 cm ka lōʻihi. He kino fusiform nui. Ma ka cephalothorax, pale ʻia e ka pale chitinous, nā maka nunui keu. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā maka i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia, akā hana lākou i ka māmā, ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea.
10 mau lālā, uhi ke kino i ka lauoho. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā tentacles-pedipalps ma mua o nā wāwae, maʻalahi lākou i ke kaiapuni, lawelawe lākou ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka paʻi. Hana koke ka nananana i kahi manawa e hoʻokokoke aku ai, a lilo ia i mea huli maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lālā hope me nā māiʻuʻu a me ke villi kīʻaha e ʻae i ka piʻi i luna i luna. Holo wikiwiki i 14-16 km / h, kahi i kapa ʻia ka nananana ka scorpion makani.
Hoihoi ia hale solpuga i mau, he primitive loa ia, akā ʻo ka ʻōnaehana tracheal i loko o ke kino o kahi predator kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā arachnids. He melemele-ʻeleʻele ke kino i ke kala, keʻokeʻo i kekahi manawa, me ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho. Kākaʻikahi nā kānaka o ka waihoʻoluʻu pouli a i ʻole ka motley kala.
Hoʻokumu nā tentacles hoʻoweliweli a me nā neʻe wikiwiki i kahi hopena weliweli. Solpuga i ke kiʻi ke nānā aku e like me kahi moʻo nui shaggy. ʻOkoʻa ka lauoho o ke kumu. Palupalu kekahi a pōkole hoʻi, ʻoʻoleʻa kekahi, aniani. Lōʻihi loa nā lauoho o kēlā me kēia.
ʻO ka mea kaua nui o ka mea hōkai ka chelicerae nui me nā ticks, e like me nā māiʻu o nā pāpaʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Solpugu mai nā punawelewele ʻē aʻe e ka hiki ke nahu ma o ke kui kanaka, ka ʻili, a me nā iwi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Chelicerae me nā ʻoki ʻoki a me nā niho, ʻokoʻa ka helu o kēlā me kēia ʻano i kekahi.
Aloha Hawaii
Spider solpuga - kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā steppes, nā wao nahele o ka tropical tropical, subtropical zones. I kekahi manawa loaʻa i nā wahi ulu lāʻau. ʻO ka mahele hāʻawi nui ʻo ʻApelika Hema, Pakistan, India, North Caucasus, Crimea, nā ʻāina ʻĀkia Ākia. ʻIke ka poʻe noho o Sepania a me Helene i nā mea ʻino i ka pō. Kamaʻāina kahi ʻike maʻamau i nā kamaʻāina a pau o nā wahi wela a me nā wao akua.
Hū ka hapa nui o nā poʻe ʻimi i ka pō i ke ao i nā lua rodent haʻalele ʻia, ma waena o nā pōhaku a i ʻole ko lākou mau pūnana o ka honua, a lākou e ʻeli ai me ke kōkua o nā chelicers, hoʻolei i ka lepo me kā lākou mau wāwae Hoʻopiʻi ke kukui iā lākou e ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kolo.
No laila, heʻe lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ahi, nā kaola o ke kukui uila i nā puka aniani mālamalama. Aia kekahi mau ʻano i hana i ka lā. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau lunamaka aloha i ka lā ma Sepania "he nananana lā". I nā terrarium, makemake nā poʻe solpugs e bask ma lalo o ke kukui o nā kukui ultraviolet.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hana o nā spider ʻaʻole wale i ka holo wikiwiki ʻana, akā i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae dexterous, e lele ana i kahi mamao loa - a i 1-1.2 m. Ke hui ʻana me kahi ʻenemi, hāpai nā solpugs i ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kino, hāmama nā claws a kuhikuhi pololei i ka ʻenemi.
Hāʻawi ke kani paʻakikī a me ke kani ʻana i ka hoʻoholo kolo i kahi hoʻouka kaua, hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi. Aia ke ola o nā mea ʻino i nā kau. Me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ke anuanu mua, hibernate lākou a hiki i nā lā puna mahana.
I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, hana nā solpugs i nā leo ʻano like, like me ka wili ʻana a i ʻole ke ʻū ʻana o ke kui. Hōʻike kēia hopena ma muli o ka hakakā o ka chelicera e hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi.
Kūleʻa ka hana a nā holoholona, makaʻu ʻole lākou i nā kānaka a i ʻole nā moʻo huelo ʻino ʻino, ke koa nei kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o ka poʻe hahai holoholona he mea weliweli ia no ka poʻe i luku ʻia, akā ʻaʻole lilo iki lākou i mea pio a kekahi
ʻO Spider solpuga transcaspian
He paʻakikī ke kipaku aku i kahi punawelewele i holo i loko o ka hale lole, hiki iā ʻoe ke kahili iā ia me kahi bulumi a i ʻole haki iā ia ma kahi paʻakikī, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kēia ma ke one. Pono e holoi i nā nahu me nā antiseptics. ʻAʻole ʻino nā salpugakā hāpai i nā maʻi ma luna o lākou iho. I ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka ʻeha ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka nananana, e koi ʻia nā antibiotic.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka ʻohana solpugi he ʻohana 13. Loaʻa iā ia he 140 genera, aneane 1000 mau ʻano. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kahi pūʻali koa he tausani mau mea ʻino ma nā ʻāina nui, koe wale ʻo Australia a me Antarctica.
- ma luna o 80 mau ʻano - i ʻAmelika;
- ma kahi o 200 mau ʻano - ma ʻApelika, Eurasia;
- 40 mau ʻano - ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau a me Helene;
- 16 mau ʻano - ma ʻApelika Hema, Indonesia, Vietnam.
Salpuga maʻamau
Ma waena o nā ʻano kaulana loa:
- paʻakai paʻakai maʻamau (galeod). ʻO nā kānaka nui, a i 4.5-6 cm ka nui, melemele-one i ke kala. ʻEʻeleʻele ke kala o hope, hina-ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ikaika o ka compression e chelicera ka mea e kākoʻo ai ka solpuga i kona kaupaona iho. ʻAʻohe ʻōpū make. Wahi a ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana, kapa ʻia ka saltpuga maʻamau ka Lūkia Hema;
- Paʻu paʻakai Transcaspian... Nā punawelewele nui he 6-7 knm ka lōʻihi, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o ka cephalothorax, me kahi ʻōpū ʻōmaʻomaʻo onionio. ʻO Kyrgyzstan a me Kazakhstan nā wahi nui;
- ʻehu paakai uahi... Nā nananana nunui, ma luna o 7 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻIke ʻia nā mea ʻaihue ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i ke one o Turkmenistan.
ʻO Salpuga Smoky
ʻAʻole ʻawaʻawa nā spider āpau, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hui ʻana me lākou no nā kamaʻāina kūloko o nā wahi kahi liʻiliʻi lākou e noho ana.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka momona o nā spider he pathological. ʻO kēia nā mea ʻaihue maoli ʻaʻole ʻike i ka manaʻo o ka māʻona. ʻO nā kolo nui a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi lilo i meaʻai. Woodlice, millipedes, spider, termite, beetles, insect komo i ka papaʻai.
Salpuga phalanx hoʻouka i nā mea ola āpau e neʻe a kūlike i kona nui, a hiki i kona hālo ʻana mai ka ʻai nui. I Kaleponi, hōʻino nā spider i nā bee hives, hana me nā moʻo, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi. He mau moʻo huakaʻi weliweli ka poʻe i hoʻomake ʻia a me nā poʻe Solpugi iā lākou iho, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i kā lāua pālua ma hope o ka moekolohe ʻana.
ʻAi ʻo Solpuga i kahi moʻo
Lālau ka nananana i ka mea pio me ka wikiwiki o ka uila. No ka ʻai ʻana, haehae ʻia ke kupapaʻu i ka ʻāpana, kālua ʻo chelicerae iā ia. A laila hoʻomaʻū ʻia ka meaʻai me ka wai digestive a komo i ka wai paʻakai.
Ma hope o kahi pāʻina, ulu nui ka ʻōpū i ka nui, emi ka pīhoihoi o ka ʻimi holoholona no kahi manawa pōkole. ʻO ka poʻe makemake e mālama i nā spider i nā terrariums pono e nānā i ka nui o nā meaʻai, ʻoiai hiki i nā phalanges ke make i ka ʻai nui.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau moʻo, ʻo ka hui ʻana o nā paʻa e like me ka pilau o ka wahine. Akā i ka manawa koke, ʻo ka salpuga, e hāpai ana i nā keiki i loko o nā oviduct, lilo i mea hakakā i hiki iā ia ke ʻai i kāna hoa. Paipai ka mea hānai hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o nā pēpē i ka ʻōpū.
I ka mink huna, e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka embryonic, ʻo ka mua ka waiho ʻana o nā cuticle - nā hua i ulu ai nā pēpē. Nui nā keiki: mai 50 a 200 mau hoʻoilina.
Nā hua salpugi
I nā cuticle, neʻe nā keiki, me ka ʻole o nā lauoho a me nā hōʻailona o ka articulation. Ma hope o 2-3 mau pule, ua like nā pēpē me ko lākou mau mākua ma hope o ka molt mua, loaʻa ka lauoho a hoʻoponopono i nā lālā āpau.
ʻO ka hiki ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa e ulu a loli i ka hoʻoikaika kino. Salpuga phalanx pale i ka ʻōpio, hāʻawi i ka meaʻai a ikaika ka keiki.
ʻAʻohe ʻikepili e pili ana i ke ola o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā arthropods. ʻO ke ʻano e loaʻa nā mea hōkai ma nā terrariums i kēia manawa. Maliʻa paha e nānā pono ana i ka phalanx habitat e wehe i nā ʻaoʻao hou i ka wehewehe ʻana o kēia kamaʻāina one o nā kahawai.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hoihoi i kahi holoholona ʻano ʻole i ke ʻano o nā koa hāmeʻa kamepiula, nā kiʻi hoʻoweliweli a me nā mea hoʻonanea. Versus solpuga ola ma ka pūnaewele. Akā hiki ke loaʻa kahi spider predatory maoli i ka holoholona lōhiu.
