Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka rana maka ʻoi loa
ʻO nā rana nā mea ola maʻamau. ʻO kēia mau amphibians, a i ʻole, e like me kā lākou i kapa ʻia ai, nā amphibians, hānai nui ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā poho a ma nā ʻau o nā kahawai, a loaʻa ma nā ʻāina mahi mahi mahi.
I nā mahina mehana momona, hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia ia mau mea ola ma nā kapa wai o nā waihona me kahi kahe liʻiliʻi a ma nā ulu lāʻau. Noho lākou a loaʻa i ke kūlohelohe kokoke i nā wahi āpau.
Akā ʻoi loa, maʻamau a kaulana rana alo ʻiʻo, kahi i loaʻa ka puʻuhonua ma nā wahi he nui o ʻEulopa. Noho kēia mau amphibians i nā wahi pulu a me nā wahi maloʻo hoʻi o nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau, i nā mea he nui a lākou i ʻike ai i nā aniani a me nā kihi, nā mauʻu ulu mauʻu a me nā ulu lāʻau ma waena o nā awawa.
ʻOiai ʻo nā lau nahele o nā pāka a me nā kahua o nā kūlanakauhale nui i hiki ke lilo wahi noho o ka rana helehelena koʻikoʻi... Loaʻa lākou i nā Carpathians a me Altai, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao hema o Yugoslavia a i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Scandinavia, a ma ka hikina hoʻi ma waena o nā panalāʻau nui o Lūkia a hiki i ka pae mauna Ural.
He awelika ka nui o kēia mau mea, ʻaʻole ma mua o 7 knm, a ʻo ko lākou kino ma kahi o ʻelua manawa ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae. E like me kāu e ʻike ai kiʻi o ka rana helehelena koʻikoʻi, hoʻololi ke kala iā ia ma ke kua o ka ʻāina kauwela a me ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia e ka wahi kūlohelohe nui, e kīloi ana mai nā maka a kokoke i ka poʻohiwi, e liʻiliʻi ana, e hōʻike ana i ka rana i nā mea ola e pili ana, kahi e hana ai i nā mea kānalua ʻole i ka wā o ka huli ʻana o ia ʻano. poʻe amphibians.
ʻO ka moʻoʻōlelo nui o ke kua o kēia mau mea he brown ia, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻohui i nā aka ʻoliva, ʻalani a me ka melemele, i kahakaha ʻia e ka pouli ʻano ʻole, ʻokoʻa ka nui, nā kiko ʻaʻole wale ma ka hope, akā ma nā ʻaoʻao hoʻi. I kekahi manawa hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻāpana kukui lūlū i ke kala holoʻokoʻa o ka luna. Maikaʻi ka ʻili ma nā ʻūhā a me nā ʻaoʻao.
I ke kiʻi, ke kāne o ka rana maka ʻoi i ka wā o ka moʻa
Ma ke alakaʻi ʻana hoakaka o ka rana maka maka, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia e hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kāne e ka hue polū māmā o ke kino i loaʻa iā lākou i ka wā o ka moena, ʻokoʻa i nā wahine ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha, a ʻo nā call call hoʻi ma ka manamana mua o ka forelimb.
Eia kekahi, ua lawa nā hōʻailona e hiki ai ke hoʻomaopopo ʻoi aʻe nā maka a me nā rana mauʻu... Aia ma waena o lākou ka tubercle calcaneal, i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i nā amphibians mua.
I ka hope, he ʻano poepoe kona. Hoʻohui, loaʻa i nā rana mauʻu i ʻōpū kiko. Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena amphibian i hōʻike ʻia he waha ʻoi, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka inoa.
ʻAʻole maopopo loa ka laha ʻauhau hoʻokalakupua o ka rana maka ʻoi loa... ʻO ka maʻa mau kēia mau mea i ka hui o nā rana ʻeleʻele, e noʻonoʻo nei iā lākou kekahi o nā ʻelele he nui o ka laha o nā amphibians tailless o ka holoholona laka.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka rana maka ʻoi loa
ʻO nā Amphibians he mau lunamaka koko koko o ka honua holoholona o ka honua. No laila, ke hana nei kahi wehewehe pōkole o nā rana, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻole i ka hana o ia mau mea ola i ka hilinaʻi ikaika i ka pae o ka hoʻomehana ʻana e nā kukuna o ka lā o ka lewa puni.
I ka wā mahana, ua piha lākou i ke ola, akā ke hāʻule iki ka mahana, ua emi lākou i ka hana a me ke kelepona. Hiki i ka maloʻo ke luku iā lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻole hanu nā amphibians me nā akemāmā wale nō, akā ma o ka ʻili hoʻi, kahi e koi ai i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa o ka lewa.
ʻO ia ke kumu e neʻe iki ai kēlā mau mea mai nā wai wai i kahi mamao ma mua o kekahi mau ʻumi mau mika. A i ka pae ʻana aku, ʻimi lākou i kahi e pale ai mai nā kukuna wela o ka lā i waena o nā lau i hina, ma lalo o nā lālā lāʻau a me ka mauʻu nui.
I ka lā kauwela, hoʻomaha mau lākou i ka lalo o nā kino wai. Ke hiki mai ke kauwela, hele nā rana e nānā i nā wahi no ka hoʻoilo, ka mea a lākou e hoʻolilo ai, i nā ʻōpala pala, nā lau o nā lau a me nā lālā, i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā lua, i kekahi manawa i ka hale haʻahaʻa.
Mālama pinepine nā mea aloha holoholona l? nā rana helehelena ʻiʻo i loko o ke keʻena i kahi terrarium liʻiliʻi, pāpaʻu, akā nui loa i kahi, me kahi waihona i hana ʻia a me nā mea kanu kūpono.
ʻO ka nui o ka noho ʻana o nā rana ma kahi o 40 liters, a uhi ʻia ka piko o ka terrarium me ka ʻupena, kahi manoanoa, akā ma o nā ʻea e holo ai ka ea. ʻAʻole pono nā Amphibians i kahi hoʻomehana hou a me nā kukui.
Ke ʻai nei i ka rana maka ʻoi loa
Pili ka meaʻai o nā rana i ke kau a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma kahi a lākou e noho ai. He poʻe ʻaihue lākou, a kōkua ko lākou alelo lōʻihi paʻa iā lākou e kiʻi i ka meaʻai a me ka ʻimi holoholona (ʻo ka maʻamau i nā hola o ke ahiahi), hiki ke hopu i nā mea pio kūpono i ka maka o ka maka.
ʻO ka meaʻai nui no kēia mau mea ola nā mea kolo. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i nā ʻenuhe, nā makika, i hopu pono ʻia nā rana ma ka lele ʻana, nā nananana, nā ants a me nā nalo, a me nā ʻano invertebrates like ʻole: nā ʻenuhe honua a me nā mollusks. Hiki i kēia mau rana ke ʻahaʻaina i ko lākou poʻe hoahānau ponoʻī.
He wahi liʻiliʻi kēlā me kēia kanaka (ma kahi o ʻekolu haneri mau mika kūlike) kahi e hānai ai, kahi e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai na lākou iho, ka ʻimi holoholona, a pale lākou iā ia mai nā mea hou e makemake ʻole ʻia. Inā, no kekahi kumu, ʻaʻohe lawa o ka meaʻai ma ia wahi, hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o nā rana me ka wikiwiki e neʻe i nā wahi maikaʻi aʻe.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ka rana maka ʻoi loa
Hoʻomaka ke ola o kēia mau mea amphibious i ka wai. Aia i loko o kēia kaiapuni, pinepine i nā kino wai pāpaʻu, ma kahi pāpaʻu i ulu nui ʻia me ka mauʻu, i nā ʻauwai a me nā puddles, waiho ʻia nā hua, a ʻo kēia nō ke ʻano e hoʻoulu mai nei i ka rana maka ʻiʻo... Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā mua o ka pūnāwai, ke hoʻoheheʻe ka hau, a he manawa manawa e hoʻomehana ai ka wai. Pau ke kau moʻo a hānau i Mei.
Nā rana helehelena ʻiʻo i ka wā hānau
ʻO ka helu o nā hua manu o hoʻokahi wahine, me ke anawaena o ʻoi aku o ka hapalua kenimika, kuhi ʻia i nā haneli a i ʻole he mau kaukani. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻia ʻana o nā hua, hoʻopau ke komo ʻana o ka makuahine rana i ke kaʻina hānau, a pale ka kāne i ka hua.
Akā ʻaʻole hiki i kāna makaʻala ke hoʻopakele i nā rana e hiki mai ana mai nā pilikia kūpilikiʻi. ʻO kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā hua manu e ola a hiki i ke oʻo makua ʻana. Hana pinepine ʻia e hōʻino nā keiki e nā kukuna o ka lā, a hoʻomaka e hoʻomoʻa i ke kakahiaka nui, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana o nā waihona i ka wā koke.
Aia ka manawa hoʻomohala o nā hua manu i nā kūlana a puni a me nā ʻanoʻano o ke aniau a hiki ke hala mai 5 mau lā a i ʻekolu mau pule, a ma hope iho ua kū mai nā ʻūlū, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻōpelu i hoʻokahi mahina a ʻekolu paha.
I ke kiʻi, he pēpē o ka rana maka ʻoi loa
Loaʻa i kahi kala ʻeleʻele, nā pēpē, ʻaʻole like me ko lākou mau mākua, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kā lākou nui, kahi huelo nui, ʻelua manawa ka nui o ko lākou kino. A ma hope wale o hoʻokahi mahina hoʻomohala lākou i nā lālā maʻamau, hoʻomaka lākou e hanu me nā māmā, a nalowale loa ka hiʻu.
Noho kēia mau mea ola ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki, inā ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i poʻe hōʻino ʻia e nā mea ʻino i hoʻowalewale ʻia e lākou. Alualu nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio, nā ferrets a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e alualu i nā rana, a mai nā manu - nā ʻaka, nā manu kai, nā ʻūhā. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻenemi o kēia mau amphibians he nahesa.
