ʻO Guillemot lilo i lālā nui loa o ka ʻohana auks, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā lono ʻēheu āpau. Ma muli o ka helu nui, ma kahi o 3 miliona mau pālua wale nō ma nā kapakai o Lūkia, e pili ana i ka manu guillemot ʻike ʻia nā mea hoihoi a hoihoi hou nō.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho
Manu Guillemot kai, a hala kona ola holoʻokoʻa i ka lihi o ke kahe ʻana o ka hau a me nā pali nui loa. I ka wā o ka pūnana, hiki i nā kolone manu ke piʻi i ka nui o kekahi mau ʻumi tausani mau kānaka. ʻO kēia genus mai ke kauoha Charadriiformes he wahi liʻiliʻi kona (37-48 cm) a me ke kaupaona (ma ka awelika ma kahi o 1 kg).
ʻAʻole hāʻawi nā ʻeheu liʻiliʻi i ka manawa kūpono e hemo ai mai kahi wahi, ʻo ia ke kumu a lākou e makemake ai e lele i kahi pali (i kekahi manawa haki lākou i ke au haʻahaʻa) a i kahi holo ma luna o ka wai. Aia he ʻelua ʻano o nā guillemots, i like i nā ʻano like ʻole: ka helehelena, ka papaʻai, ka nohona (hiki iā lākou ke noho ma kahi kokoke a hui ma ka panalāʻau o hoʻokahi kolone manu).
ʻO ke kolone manu o nā manu guillemot
Ma muli o ke ʻano like o ka manu o nā ʻano ʻelua (aia wale nō ka ʻokoʻa i kekahi mau manawa wale nō), manaʻo ʻia hiki iā lākou ke huikau, akā ua hewa kēia - ua koho wale nā guillemots i nā hoa o kā lākou ponoʻī. Mālama nui ʻia, a i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia paha (Uria aalqe), no ka hapa nui e ola ana ma kahakai o ka Moana Pākīpika ʻĀkau a me ka ʻAkelanika.
I ka hema, hoʻolaha ka lehulehu i Pokukala. I ke kauwela, aia ke kala ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi a me ka piko o nā ʻeheu, ka huelo, hope a me ke poʻo. Keokeo ka hapa nui o ke kino a me ka ʻōpū o lalo; i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohui ʻia ka wahi ma hope o nā maka a me ka lae.
I ke kiʻi, lahilahi ka guillemot
Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka murre, nona nā pōʻai keʻokeʻo e pili ana i nā maka, kahi ʻāpana mālamalama mai ʻō a i waena o ke poʻo. Kapa ʻia ia mau manu he guillemots kupaianaha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou he ʻāpana ʻokoʻa (ʻo ka ʻAkau ʻAkelanika ʻAkau a me ka Pakipika wale nō.)
Mālama ʻia nā kānana, a i ʻole pili pōkole (Uria lomvia), manu lele kik guillemot, no laila, makemake e noho ma nā latitu ʻākau aʻe. ʻO nā pūnaewele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema i kahi kokoke loa ma mua o Sakhalin, nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril, Iceland, Greenland.
ʻOkoʻa ia mai kona mau hoa i kona kaumaha nui (a i 1.5 kg). Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa iki i ke kala hulu: ʻoi aku ka pouli o ka luna (ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele), ʻoi aku ka maopopo o nā palena o ke kala, aia nā kaha keʻokeʻo ma ka nuku. Nui nā ʻāpana, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ko lākou nohona - Siberian, Chukotka, Beringov, ʻAkelanika.
I ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi guillemot
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka guillemot he manu ia o ka Arctic, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka hapa nui o lākou, alakaʻi ia i kahi noho kolone, ʻoiai ʻo kēia ka mea e kōkua ai e mālama i ka mehana i kahi aniau paʻakikī (a hiki i 20 mau pālua no ka mika mika. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i nā ʻano ʻelua ke noho pū, i ka nui, he manu hakakā a kūpikipiki nā murres, ʻeleu i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā.
Noho maikaʻi wale lākou me nā lunamaka nui o ka Arctic fauna, no ka laʻana, me nā cormorant nui o ʻAkelanika, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā mea ʻaihue. E like me nā manu kai luu, hiki i ka guillemot ke ʻauʻau me kou mau ʻeheu. Mālama kona liʻiliʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka wikiwiki a me ke kaulike maikaʻi ke hoʻokele i lalo o ka wai.
Hoʻokau ʻo Kaira i hoʻokahi hua manu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pali
Maliʻa paha ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kauwela ola ke guillemot ma nā pali pōhaku i nā kūlana cramp nui loa, makemake lākou i ka hoʻoilo i nā hui liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole ʻo ia wale nō. Noho nā manu i kēia wā ma nā polynyas ʻokoʻa a kokoke paha i ka lihi o ka hau. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomākaukau no nā mahina hoʻoilo i ka hopena o ʻAukake: mākaukau ka moa e ukali i kona makua.
Mea ʻai
E like me nā ichthyophages he nui, hānai manu guillemot ʻaʻole wale ka iʻa. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, hoʻopiha hou ʻia kāna papaʻai i ke kauwela me ka nui o nā crustacea, nā ilo kai (nā guillemots i hoʻoili ʻia), a i ʻole krill, molluscs a me ʻelua gill (guillemots i kaha ʻia ka mānoanoa).
Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke ʻai a hiki i ka 320 gram i kēlā me kēia lā. Manu Guillemot, kiʻi hana pinepine ʻia me nā iʻa i loko o kona nuku, hiki iā ia ke ale i ka ʻaha ma lalo o ka wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia kāna papaʻai hoʻoilo ma cod, Atlantic herring, capelin a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe he 5-15 cm ka nui.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka ka pūnana o nā Guillemots ma mua o ʻelima mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau i Mei. I kēia manawa e hoʻomoe ai nā wahine i hoʻokahi hua manu ma nā pali pōhaku ʻole. Koho nui lākou i ke koho ʻana i kahi, no ka mea, e mālama ʻia nā lula e ʻae ai i ka moa e mālama a ola ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAʻole pono ka pūnana ma waho o nā palena o ke kolone manu, aia ma kahi o 5 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai a, i kahi hiki loa, kokoke i ke kikowaena o nā wahi pūnana.
I ke kiʻi, nā hua o ka manu guillemot
ʻO kahi pākuʻi hou aʻe, e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka lālau, ke kikowaena neʻe o ka umekaumaha a me ke ʻano o ka hua manu like pear. Mahalo i kēia, ʻaʻole ia e olokaʻa i ka ʻili, akā hoʻi, e hoʻopuni ana i kahi pōʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomaka ke kanana i kēia manawa: hoʻomaka i kahi squabble me nā hoalauna, ʻo kekahi mau mākua iho e hāʻule i hoʻokahi hua i lalo.
ʻIke ʻia he ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā hua manu, i ʻae i nā guillemots e hana kuhihewa a loaʻa i kā lākou iho i ka lehulehu a lākou e noho ai i nā mahina kau wela. ʻO ka hapanui he hina, ʻulaʻula a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, ʻoiai he keʻokeʻo pū kekahi, me nā kiko kiko a i ʻole nā māka o ka poni a me ka ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka manawa incubation mau 28-36 mau lā, a ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o nā mākua i ka moa no 3 mau pule ʻē aʻe. A laila hiki mai ka manawa ke paʻakikī nā guillemots e hāpai i ka nui o nā meaʻai a pono e lele ka pēpē i lalo. Ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o nā moa, ua pau kekahi o nā lele i ka make.
I ke kiʻi, he moa guillemot
Akā nō naʻe, ola ka hapa nui o nā pēpē, mahalo i ka momona momona a iho i lalo, a hui pū me ko lākou makuakāne e hele i kahi hoʻoilo (hui pū nā wahine me lākou ma hope). ʻO ka manaolana kūlana ola o ka guillemot he 30 mau makahiki. Akā aia kekahi ʻikepili ma nā kānaka 43 makahiki i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻepekema.
