ʻO nāʻiole kahua he mau mea liʻiliʻi a weliweli ia
ʻAʻohe kamaʻilio pinepine ʻia nāʻiole i ke ʻano mahalo. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau lākou i wehewehe ʻia he ʻilihuna, hilahila, akā he rodents weliweli loa ia. Vole iole - ʻaʻole kēia he ʻokoʻa.
Hiki i kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi ke hōʻino nui i ka mea kanu i ka māla, a ʻūlū i kahi lua i ka papahele ma ka home. Ke hoʻoholo nei kiʻi, voles kohu waho i nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole maʻamau. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka waha o ka poʻe noho o nā māla, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā pepeiao a me ka huelo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona Vole a me kahi nohona
Pili nā holoholona iā lākou iho i ka ʻohana nui o nā rodents a me ka subfamily o hamsters. Aia ma mua o 140 mau ʻano o nā ʻiole kahua. ʻAneʻane he ʻokoʻa ko lākou āpau, akā aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau.
- ka liʻiliʻi (ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 7 mau kenimika);
- ka huelo pōkole (mai 2 mau kenimika);
- ke kaupaona liʻiliʻi (mai 15 g);
- 16 mau niho me ke aʻa ʻole (e ulu ana kahi hou ma kahi o kahi niho nalo).
I ka manawa like, ua loaʻa nā aʻa i nā rodent fossil, akā i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana, ua nalowale nā holoholona o ke kula iā lākou. Manaʻo ʻia kahi lunamaka maʻamau vole maʻamau... He koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi ia (a i 14 kenimika) me kahi kua ʻeleʻele a hina hoʻi. Noho ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai, nā muliwai a me nā kula. I ka hoʻoilo, makemake ʻo ia e neʻe i nā home o ka poʻe.
Noho kekahi o nā ʻiole kahua i lalo o ka honua (e laʻa me ka mole vole). Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he semi-aquatic ka muskrats. I kēia hihia, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻelele terrestrial. ʻO kahi laʻana, i waena o nā koʻokoʻo ulu lāʻau, ka mea i makemake nui ʻia:
- vole kāʻei ʻulaʻula;
- iole ʻulaʻula a hina hina;
- bank vole.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻano ʻekolu e ko lākou neʻe, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā ululāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi.
Ma kahi o 20 mau ʻano rodents kahua e noho nei ma Rūsia. Ua liʻiliʻi lākou a pau i ka nui. ʻO ka poʻe noho ma Mongolia, Kina Hikina, Kōlea a me ka Hikina Hikina ua emi iki ka pōmaikaʻi. Hoʻopilikia i kā lākou hoʻokele waiwai vole nui.
ʻO kahi kiʻi nui kahi vole
Hiki i kēia ʻiole hina-ʻeleʻele i 17 kenimika ka nui. Piʻi kona huelo i 7.5 mau kenimika. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ke koʻokoʻo nui i nā kahawai, kokoke i nā kahawai a i nā hale.
Ma ka laulā, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i nā holoholona hihiu e noho kokoke i nā wahi āpau koe nā tropics. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou e hauʻoli i ka hanohano a me ka mahalo i nā wahi āpau. ʻOiai i ka wā kahiko ua manaʻo ʻia inā loaʻa ka ʻiole i loko o ka hale - he hale "maikaʻi" kēia, me ka pōmaikaʻi. A inā heʻe nā holoholona mai ka hale, manaʻo ka poʻe nona ka pilikia.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka vole
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole makemake nā mea ʻino liʻiliʻi i ka noho kaʻawale. Noho lākou i nā kolone nui i nā lua pāpaʻu. ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea āpau, makaʻu nā ʻiole i nā mea predators e like me ferret, fox, pueo a me marten. I ko lākou mau home, lilo ka pōpoki i ko lākou ʻenemi nui.
I ke kiʻi, he ʻulaʻula kaʻiole
Hoʻomākaukau mua nā rodents i ke anuanu. Mai moemoe ʻole nā ʻiole kula a alakaʻi i kahi nohona hana i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Voles hoʻoilo hānai i nā lako mai kā lākou hale waiho pantry. Hiki i nā ʻanoano, nā lūlū, nā nati. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole lawa nā holoholona i kā lākou hoʻomākaukau ponoʻī, ʻo ia ke kumu e holo ai i nā hale o nā kānaka.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e komo hewa i ka hale. I kekahi manawa hānai ʻia nā koʻokoʻo i mau holoholona hoʻonaninani. Vole holoholona hiki ke noho i loko o kahi pā liʻiliʻi me kahi trellis metala i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wahī.
Aia he 2-3 mau wahine i kēlā me kēia kāne. I ka hoʻoilo, koi ʻia e hoʻoneʻe i nāʻiole i nā pā nui a waiho ʻia i nā lumi wela ʻole.
Paipai ka poʻe loea i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka holoholona i kekahi kauka lā maʻi mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa; nāʻiole ʻāpana pinepine nā halihali o nā maʻi infectious (me tularemia a me hemorrhagic fever)
I ka kiʻi paʻi aia kahi vole panakō
Hoʻohana pū ʻia kēia mau koʻokoʻo no nā hana ʻepekema. Hana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻokolohua biological a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka ʻulaʻula a steppe vole... Inā "kū kānāwai" nāʻiole i loko o ke keʻena, pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i ke keʻena hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā epidemiological. Hoʻoikaika hou nā Voles a hiki ke hōʻino nui i ka waiwai.
Mea ʻai
I nā mea ʻona o kahi holoholona ʻano ʻē vole iole pono ʻoe e ʻike he pono kāu pipi i ka papaʻai kaulike. Pono e hoʻopili i ka papaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā:
- nā mea kanu;
- kulina;
- hale tī;
- ʻiʻo;
- hua moa;
- wai maka hou.
No ka poʻe moeʻuhane wale nō kūʻai i kahi vole, pono e hoʻomaopopo he mau koʻokoʻo vorvure loa kēia, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā meaʻai hou aʻe ma mua o ko lākou kaumaha i kēlā me kēia lā.
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui he omnivorous nā ʻiole kahua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei kēia. Pili pono ka "papa kuhikuhi" i ka nohona. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻai nā holoholona steppe i nā mauʻu a me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu. I ka nahele, koho nā koʻokoʻo i nā koʻokoʻo momona a me nā ʻano hua like ʻole. ʻ vollapa nahele ʻahaʻaina i nā wana a me nā ʻōpuʻu, nā lau, nā hua a me nā hua hua.
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole e hāʻawi nā ʻiole ʻokoʻa i nā pepeke liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻūlū. Vole wai, no nā kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia, makemake i nā uala a me nā lau aʻa. Ma ka laulaha, ʻo nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai mai nā māla mea kanu kahi meaʻai punahele a kokoke i nāʻiole āpau.
Hiki i nā rodents i nā helu he nui ke hōʻeha i ka mahiʻai. I nā keʻena a me nā hale, ʻai nā ʻiole i nā mea āpau a lākou e ʻaihue ai: ka berena, ka mauʻu, ka tī, ka sausage, nā mea ʻai.
ʻO kahi kiʻi wai kahi vole
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻAʻole kēia e ʻōlelo he mau mea ʻino ʻē aʻe kēia. I ke kūlohelohe, he loulou nui lākou i ka kaulahao meaʻai. Me ka ʻole o nāʻiole, pōloli nā mea he nui, me martens a me nā ʻalopeke.
Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻole ʻana i nā voles hihiu ma kahi kokoke i nā hale. He koʻokoʻo nui lākou. I ke kūlohelohe, hiki i kahi wahine ke lawe mai 1 a 7 mau litters i hoʻokahi makahiki. A loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi he 4-6. I nā kūlana hoʻomehana, nā holoholona e hana hou i ka hana.
ʻAʻole hāpai ka hāpai hānai ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. Kūʻokoʻa nāʻiole i 1-3 mau pule. Kāpena hina voles lilo i moekolohe ma ka makahiki 2-3 mau makahiki. Nā Pets - ma mua iki.
ʻO kahi kiʻi hina hina
ʻO ka makahiki o kēia mau koʻokoʻo he wā pōkole ia, a ʻaʻole hiki iki i ka ʻiole ke ola i nā makahiki ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia wā pōkole, vole hiki ke hānau ma kahi o 100 cubs. ʻO ia, hiki i kahi ʻohana o hoʻokahi iole ke hoʻopau loa i nā waihona o nā aʻa aʻa no ka hoʻoilo a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana ʻana o nāʻiole kahua, ua helu ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i ka "Red Book". Aia nā Lemmings o Vinogradov i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi, hoʻoweliweli ka Alayskaya Slepushonka. Aia kekahi mau ʻano nāwaliwali a me nā voles i kahi kokoke i kahi kūlana hoʻoweliweli.
