Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka iole mole
Iole mole maʻamau He mammal ia no ke kaʻina o nā rodents. I ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka evolution, ua hoʻololi nā mea āpau o kēia holoholona i ka nohona o ka honua.
Ua nānā loa nā maka a ua nalowale ka hiki ke ʻike. ʻO kēia wale nō ka hihia i ka leʻaleʻa o nā rodents, ke nalowale loa o ka ʻike. ʻO ka nohona o kēia mau mammal ma lalo wale nō o ka honua. Iole makapōe like me nā mole, ʻeli lākou i nā labyrinth lōʻihi o nā alahele, a pahu lākou i ka nui o ka lepo e ālai iā lākou i luna.
Aia he 4 mau ʻano i loko o ka ʻohana ʻiole mole. He wahi noho ko kēlā me kēia. Iole mole holoholona koho ʻo ia i steppes, wao nahele, nāhelehele a me nā wahi ulu o ka nahele no kona wahi noho. ʻO ka lepo kūpono no ko lākou wahi noho e ʻano kaulike. ʻAʻole kūpono ka palolo a me ka lepo one iā lākou. Aia i ko lākou wahi noho nā ululāʻau a me nā steppe o Moldova, Ukraine a me Lūkia.
ʻEli ka makapō i ka lepo me kona mau niho
ʻO kēia nā wahi hānai a i ʻole nā ʻāina hū ʻole i waiwai i nā lau nahele. Iole mole mole iho uuku i ka nui. ʻO 30-32 knm kona lōʻihi. He kaupaona mai 700 gr. a i 1 kg. Alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi nohona hūnā ʻole, no laila, ʻike ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe iā ia e ola ana. E hoʻoponopono i kēia nānā a loaʻa kahi manaʻo o ka helehelena o kēia holoholona, hōʻike mākou i kekahi i kekahi kiʻi o nāʻiole mole.
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi, ʻaʻohe ona pepeiao, hūnā ʻia kona mau maka ma lalo o nā ʻili, a ʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia kāna huelo liʻiliʻi. Pōkole nā lālā o kēia mea noho ma lalo, a like ke poʻo me ka ʻeke bayonet. Ma ke ala, ʻeli kāna tunnels ʻiole mole mole wale me nā niho, ʻaʻole paws.
Hana ʻia kēia i ke ala aʻe, ʻo ka incisors mua o ka nahu mammal i loko o ka lepo, a laila me ke kōkua o kahi poʻo kope, kipaku ʻia nā puʻupuʻu o ka honua i huki ʻia. ʻO ke kumu kūikawā o ka iwi ā a me nā mākala e ʻae i nā incisors lalo e neʻe a neʻe iā lākou i mua a i hope.
Ke alakaʻi nei kēia hana i nā lole niho nui i loko ʻiole mole... Akā, mai hopohopo, ulu wikiwiki nā incisors, no laila ʻaʻole e waiho ʻia kēia mea noho i lalo me ka ʻole o kahi "mea hana" no ka ʻeli ʻana i kāna mau ʻalalā. Ma ke ala, mahalo i kāna hana, ʻaʻole ia e wili wale i nā incisors, akā hoʻokala hoʻi iā lākou i ka wā e ʻūlū ana i ka lepo. ʻO nā holoholona i ka pio ʻana he pono ke aloha hou aku.
ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke wili i ko lākou mau niho a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pani i ko lākou waha ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā incisors i nā nui nui. ʻO ka hulu o kēia mau pilikua o kā lākou hana hana palupalu, ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Uhi ʻia ka ihu i ka ʻili keratinized o ka ʻili. ʻO kēia papa ka mea pale. Pale ia i nā ʻenekini like ʻole i ka wā o ka pā ʻana o nā paia o ka lua.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka ʻiole mole
Inā hoʻokuʻu nā mole i ka lepo me kā lākou mau wāwae mua, a laila ʻiole mole one ke hoʻohana nei i nā incisors ikaika. Ma hope o kā lākou hana, noho mau nā puʻu o ka honua ma mua o nā mole, a hiki ma kahi o 0.5 m.
I loko o ke kiʻi he iole mole ke one
Hiki i ke kaumaha o kekahi mau puʻupuʻu ke piʻi i 10 kg. Mai 3 a 20 mau lunamakaainana o kēia laha e noho nei ma ka 1 hectare o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka wā hana nui o ke ola o kēia mau koʻokoʻo i hāʻule i nā mahina puna. I ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, emi lākou i ka hana, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hibernate. Labyrinths o nā iole mole nunui kūikawā i kā lākou hanana.
ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka ʻōnaehana tunnel tiered. No laila, ʻo ka papahele luna o "kēlā ʻano hale" i manaʻo ʻia he meaʻai, aia ia ma kahi hohonu o 25 knm. Ma kēia papa, ʻohi nā rodents i nā meaʻai: tubers, rhizome o nā mea kanu. ʻO nā hale o ka papahele ʻelua, nā pūnana o ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo a me nā waihona. Aia ia ma kahi hohonu - 3-4 m.
I ka hoʻoilo, pani ʻia ka puka o kēia mau hale papa honua me ka honua, a noho ka holoholona ma aneʻi a hiki i nā manawa mahana. ʻO ka nui o nā labyrinths he 450 m. ʻO ka nui o nā hale kūʻai mea kūʻai ma ia ʻāina hiki ke hōʻea i 10 mau ʻāpana, a hiki i nā waihona hoʻoilo ke 10 kg. Eia kahi holoholona he nui.
ʻO ka nohona o nāʻiole mole nunui ka mehameha. Mālama pono lākou i nā palena o ko lākou ʻāina. I kekahi manawa, pau ka hakakā ma waena o nā kāne ʻelua i nā hakakā ma luna o ka ʻāina me kahi hopena make. Hoʻopilikia kā lākou hana i ka mahiʻai.
Nā hōʻailona o ka ʻiole mole i ka māla - he paheʻe kēia o ka honua. ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻino wale i ka helehelena nani o ka pūnaewele, akā hōʻino hoʻi i ka ʻohi. ʻO ke kakaka, nā legume, kāloti, beets a me kaʻuala e ʻehaʻeha loa i kēia mau holoholona o ka honua. I hoʻokahi lā wale nō, hiki i kekahi kanaka ke hōʻino i nā ululāʻau he 4-6. Makapō noho i kāu pūnaewele, pehea e hana ai me ia?
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hemo i kahi pest me ka ʻeli hou ʻana i ka lepo. No laila hoʻopau wau i nā papa hanai o kā lākou mau ala. Ke makaʻu nei lākou i kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā repellents i kūʻai ʻia kūikawā. ʻO kekahi o nā koho no ka hakakā ka hopu lima ʻana i ka ʻiole mole. E hana i kēia, hoʻoholo ʻia kahi komo hou i ka lua a ʻimi ʻia kahi komo hou. A laila ʻeli ʻia kahi ʻāpana ma waena o lākou.
I loko o ke kiʻi he ʻiole mole nunui
ʻAʻole ʻae kēia holoholona i nā hoʻolālā, no laila e hoʻāʻo ia e hoʻopau i ka luku. I kēia manawa hiki ke kiʻi i kēia pest. Kipaku aku ʻiole mole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka wai. ʻIke lākou i kahi puʻu lepo i kāwili ʻia me ka pālolo a ninini i ka wai i kahi lua kokoke.
Mea ʻai
ʻAi wale lākou i nā meaʻai mea kanu. ʻAi lākou i nā paipu, nā puʻupuʻu a me nā rhizome. No ke kiʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau, huki lākou i ke aʻa a aia ka mea kanu āpau i loko o kā lākou lua. ʻO nā "ipu" punahele a ka ʻiole mole nā legume, Asteraceae a me Umbelliferae.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Noho nā ʻiole makapō hoʻokahi, akā i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu holoholona hana lākou i mau ʻohana. ʻO kēlā ʻohana he kāne a he 1-2 mau wahine. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, noho nā lālā o ia mau ʻohana i ke kaiāulu. Ke ʻeli nei ke kāne i kahi tunnel i kāna mea i wae ʻia. Neʻe ʻo ia i nā kani a ka wahine e hana ai.
Inā he 2 mau wahine i ka hui, a laila hānau lākou i ka huli. Hoʻokahi makahiki ka mua, ʻo ka lua ka makahiki ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēlā mau ʻuniona e haki wale ana inā make. Hānau ʻia he 2-3 mau pēpē i ka makahiki. Hāʻule kēia hanana nui mai Pepeluali a Mei.
ʻO ka noho hou ʻana o ka hanauna ʻōpio ke hana nei i kahi ʻano ʻano ʻē. No laila neʻe ʻia nā "kaikamahine" i nā papa kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ko lākou helehelena, a me nā "keikikāne" - i ka makahiki 2, i nā papa lalo. Ua oʻo lākou i ka moekolohe ma 2-3 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ola o nāʻiole mole ʻo 2.5 - 9 mau makahiki.
