Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka toad
He amphibian tailless kēia e like me ka toad a i ʻole rana. Palaka liʻiliʻi i ka nui a hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 7 cm. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona anatomical o kēia mea hana ke ʻano o ke alelo, i hoʻopili ʻia me kāna ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa holoʻokoʻa i ka waha o ka waha, me kahi ʻano disk.
ʻO kēia ke kumu i hāʻawi ʻia ai kahi ʻano like o nā amphibians i ka ʻohana o nā ʻōlani ʻōlelo. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma kiʻi o ka toad, ʻano puʻuwai kona mau haumāna, puʻupuʻu ka ʻili, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kino, i ʻāhinahina-ʻeleʻele a i ʻole malu ʻeleʻele i ka hope a me nā ʻāpana o luna o ke kino, lilo i ʻano hoʻopunipuni maikaʻi loa no ka toad i kona wahi maoli.
ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka amphibian, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia e kahi alani ākea a i ʻole nā waihoʻoluʻu melemele me nā kiko ʻole ʻole, kahi pale maikaʻi loa ia i kēia ʻano amphibian.
Palaka ke hoʻokokoke aku nei ka makaʻu, ke nānā ʻia e ka mea nānā i makemake ʻole ʻia a i ʻole mea ʻino, hāʻule i luna ka ʻōpū i luna, e aʻoaʻo ana i ka ʻenemi e pili ana i ka inedibility a me nā mea ʻona, nona maoli nō me nā ʻōlinolino o nā waihoʻoluʻu.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻili o kahi amphibian me ka nui o nā glands kūikawā e hoʻopuka i ka huna o ka proninolicin, kahi mea weliweli i nā mea ola he nui. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia genus o nā amphibians tailless i mau laha, ʻeono o lākou e ʻike ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana anilā maikaʻi o ʻEulopa a ma ka hikina a me ka ʻākau o ʻAsia.
I waena o lākou palaka peleki-melemelenoho i nā waihona wai, nā loko, nā muliwai a me nā kahawai o nā panalāʻau hema a me ʻEulopa. He lōʻihi kona o 4-5 cm a me kahi waihoʻoluʻu hina-hina o ke kua, a kū i waho ka ʻōpū me nā kiko hina a me nā uliuli uliuli ma kahi kumu melemele ʻona, nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ai ka mea ola.
I ka kiʻi paʻi aia kahi toad melemele-bellied
Kāhea ʻia ke ʻano palaka ʻulaʻula pālahalaha ʻia ma ke komohana o Rūsia, e hui ana a hiki i nā Ural ma nā wahi o nā ululāʻau e waiwai ana i nā mea kanu like ʻole, ma nā ʻāpana stepper a ma nā kula. Makemake ʻo ia i nā waihona wai me nā wai kū ʻole, nā wai kai a me nā loko wai pāpaʻu me kahi kumu lepo, a nā kahakai e momona i nā mea kanu.
I ka kiʻi paʻi aia kahi kāʻei huluhulu ʻulaʻula
Ma ka hema o ka Hikina Hema, i nā ululāʻau deciduous a me kedera, kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau amphibians e ola nei - palaka hikina loa... He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ke kua o ia ʻano mea. He ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻōpū me nā kiko ʻeleʻele, ma kahi o 5 cm ka lōʻihi.
Aia nā ʻano toada he nui ma lalo o ka pale o ka mokuʻāina. A mālama pinepine ʻia kēia holoholona hoihoi ma ke ʻano he holoholona ʻano ʻokoʻa. I ka wā ma mua, aia kekahi manaʻoʻiʻo e noho ana nā toads kokoke i nā "puka honua", kahi a nā mea ola e ʻaiʻē ai i ko lākou inoa kapakapa. Akā i loko o kahi mau wahi i kapa ʻia lākou he unkas no nā kani ʻano e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka toad
Hana ʻia ke ola o kēia mau amphibians i loko o ka wai papau, kahi e hoʻomehana pono ʻia e nā kukuna o ka lā i ka wā maikaʻi o ka makahiki. Hoʻoikaika nui nā toads i nā mahina mahana, ke piʻi ʻole ka mahana o ka ea a mālama ʻia ma waena o 18-20 ° C, ʻo ia ke kūlana maikaʻi loa no ko lākou noho ʻoluʻolu.
I ka hopena o ke kau, nānā lākou i nā hale hilinaʻi no lākou iho, nā ʻano kaumaha like ʻole i ka honua, nā lua a me nā lua i haʻalele ʻia, kahi e hāʻule ai i ka hibernation, e hoʻomau nei a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka puna (hopena o Malaki - ʻApelila mua).
ʻOiai nā ʻano o ka pale kūpono a ka kūlohelohe i hāʻawi ai i ka toad me a me nā momona, ua lilo pinepine nā amphibians i nā holoholona like ʻole: ferrets, hedgehogs, herons, pond frogs, vipers and snakes.
Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hānai mau nā ʻenemi o nā toads iā lākou me ka makemake nui ʻole, makemake i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe a ʻai i kēia meaʻai ono ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole wale nō inā pilikia. ʻAʻohe mea weliweli i nā kānaka nā lāʻau make o nā toads.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hūnā ʻia ka mucus caustic e kēia mau amphibians, nona nā peptides bactericidal, he nui nā waiwai disinfecting pono ʻia i hoʻohana ʻia e nā kānaka no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Ua ʻike ko mākou poʻe kūpuna inā inā kīloi ʻia kahi toad (a i ʻole chill, e like me kā lākou i kapa ai) i loko o kahi ipu waiū, a laila ʻaʻole ia e mūlū no ka manawa lōʻihi a mālama i kāna mau waiwai pono. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā toads i ka hui pū ʻana me nā maka ke hōʻoluʻolu a me ke ahi paha.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā toads i nā hale kūʻai holoholona a me nā hale kūʻai aquarium pūnaewele ma kahi o 400 rubles. Pono lākou e mālama ʻia i nā terrarium lako pono me nā ipukukui, kahi e hoʻokau pinepine ʻia ai he 1-2 mau kānaka, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia i kahi hui.
Mea ʻai palaka
ʻAi ʻo Toads i nā earthworms, beetles a me nā invertebrates wai. Hoʻohana pū lākou i nā ʻano mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea kolo e like me ka meaʻai: nā pulelehua, nā ʻalekiko, nā makika a me nā nalo. Ma waena o kēia mau holoholona, aia kekahi hihia o ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī.
Hāʻawi nā biologists amateur, nā hānai keiki hānai i ka home ma ke ʻano he hānai, hāʻawi pinepine iā lākou i kaʻuala i hoʻolapalapa ʻia a me nā ʻūnū papa, e hoʻohui ana i nā ʻāpana o kaʻiʻo i ka papaʻai. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hānai kāwili e hōʻeleu i ka ulu ʻana o nā tadpoles. I mea e hoʻomohala pono ai nā papa, pono e ʻokoʻa, hoʻonui a hoʻonui ʻia nā meaʻai me nā huaora waiwai.
Inā ʻole, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka manawa o ka metamorphosis, ulu nā kānaka liʻiliʻi mai o lākou aku, a lilo ka hapa nui i nāwaliwali a make. A i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i kā lākou hana hou ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau hormonal kūikawā, e like me ka surfagon a me nā hormones pituitary.
Hoʻohua a me ke ola o ka toad
I loko o nā hola o ke ao mai ʻApelila a ʻAukake, hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka toad kāne i kā lākou mea i wae ʻia me nā leo ʻano ʻē a lākou e hana ai i ke kau moʻo. Aia ko lākou kū hoʻokahi a me ka ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻūlū ʻana mai o nā rana, ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hana hou ʻia lākou ma ka inhalation, ʻaʻole ma ka exhalation, e like me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe.
Ua like kēia mau mele me ke kaniʻuhū ma mua o nā ʻoka. Ke moʻo ʻana pēpē amphibian hopu ka hoa i ka hoa ma ke kumu o nā pūhaka, no laila ke hoʻokō nei i kāna hana hānau. A ʻo ke kaʻina o ka hana hou ʻana i wahi i kahi wai wai, kahi e hoʻomoe ai nā wahine i nā hua he nui (80-900 mau hua) ma nā mea kanu o ka wai.
Hana ʻia ka hoʻomohala hua manu i kekahi mau lā. Eia hou, ʻike ʻia ka embryo a me nā larva, ke pōʻaiapili ulu piha o ia mau hanana i kū like i ʻelua a ʻoi iki mau mahina paha.
ʻO nā honu hopena e kau ola ʻole ma luna o nā mea kanu me ko lākou mau poʻo i luna, a i ke kolu o ka lā e hoʻomaka lākou i kahi nohona hana. Ua hiki i nā mākua ke hana kope e 2-3 mau makahiki. Kuhi ʻia ke ola o nā toads i ke kūlohelohe ma 15 mau makahiki, akā i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana e ola mau ana kēia amphibians a hiki i 29 mau makahiki.
