Bipi musk - he holoholona me nā ʻano kū hoʻokahi, hāʻawi nā loea iā ia i kahi hui ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia holoholona i kona ʻano ke ʻano like me nā bipi (nā pepeiaohao) a me nā hipa (ka lauoho loloa a me ka huelo pokole).
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka bipi musk
I kēia lā, ʻo nā bipi musk wale nō ka poʻe lunamakaʻāinana o ka bipi musk ma ke ʻano he genus. He ʻohana lākou o ka ʻohana bovids. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā ʻohana pili loa o kēia mau māmela i noho ma Central Asia i ka wā o ka Miocene. Uhi ʻia ka wahi i nā mauna nui.
I loko o kahi anuanu 3.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, haʻalele lākou i ka Himalayas a noho ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka pae ʻāina ʻAsia. ʻO ka glaciation i ka wā o ʻIlino i hoʻoneʻe i ka neʻe ʻana o nā bipi musk i kēia manawa ʻo Greenland a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ua hōʻole nui ka heluna kanaka bipi musk i ka pau ʻana o ka Late Pleistocene ma muli o ka hoʻomehana ʻana.
ʻO ka reindeer a me ka musk bipi wale nō, ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana o nā ungulate, i hiki ke ola i nā kenekulia paʻakikī. ʻO nā bipi Musk, a hiki i kēia manawa i laha nui ʻia ma ka Arctic, ua aneane pau loa i Eurasia.
Ma Alaska, ua nalowale nā holoholona i ke kenekulia 19, akā i nā makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia i hala ua lawe hou ʻia lākou i laila. I kēia lā, ma Alaska, aia ma kahi o 800 mau kānaka o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO nā bipi Musk iā Rūsia pau i Taimyr a ma Wrangel Island.
I kēia mau wahi bipi musk noho i nā panalāʻau waiho kālā a aia ma lalo o ka palekana o ka mokuʻāina. ʻO kahi helu liʻiliʻi loa o kēia mau holoholona i koe ma ka honua - ma kahi o 25,000 mau kānaka. Kūlike ke ʻano o ka holoholona me nā kūlana ʻoʻoleʻa o ka Arctic. ʻAʻohe o nā ʻāpana protruding ma ke kino o ka bipi.
Hoʻoemi kēia i ka lilo o ka wela a hoʻemi i ka hiki i ka hau. Huluhulu bipi Musk ʻokoʻa i ka lōʻihi a me ka nui. Mahalo iā ia, he holoholona liʻiliʻi paha ke ʻano nui loa. Hāʻule ka lole i ka honua a ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele i ke kala. O na pepeiaohao, oioi, lehelehe a me ka ihu ke olohelohe. I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o kaʻaʻahu o ka holoholona ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.
ʻIke bipi musk keʻokeʻo ʻane hiki ʻole. Aia wale nō ma ka ʻākau o Kanada, kokoke i Queen Maud Bay, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai kēlā me kēia ʻano. Nui ke kumu kūʻai o kā lākou hulu hipa. ʻO kahi puʻupuʻu i ke ʻano o ka nape i kahi bipi musk aia ma ka ʻāpana poʻohiwi. Liʻiliʻi a lako hoʻi nā lālā, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā forelimbs ma mua o nā hope.
Nui a poepoe ke ʻano o nā mākia, kūpono kūpono no ka hele wāwae ʻana ma nā pae hau a me nā ʻāina pōhaku. ʻOi aku ka laulā o nā ʻūlū mua ma mua o ka laulā o nā ʻaoʻao hope a kōkua i ka ʻeli wikiwiki ʻana i ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka hau. Ma ke poʻo nunui a elongated o ka bipi musk, aia nā pepeiaohao nui, kahi e hoʻolei ai ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mau makahiki a hoʻohana e pale iā ia iho mai nā ʻenemi.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pepeiaohao o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, i manaʻo ʻia hoʻi me he mea kaua lā ke kaua ʻana kekahi i kekahi. ʻEleʻele nā maka o nā bipi musk, ʻuʻuku nā pepeiao (ma kahi o 6 cm), pōkole ka huelo (a i 15 cm). ʻO ka maka a me ke ʻano o ka pilau i nā holoholona he maikaʻi loa.
Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike pono a hiki i ka pō, manaʻo i nā ʻenemi e hoʻokokoke ana a hiki ke loaʻa nā meaʻai, kahi hohonu i lalo o ka hau. ʻO nā wahine a me nā kāne, a me nā holoholona mai nā wahi like ʻole, ʻokoʻa ka nui o ke kaupaona a me ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi. Hiki ke kaupaona o nā kāne mai 250 a 670 kg, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika.
ʻO ke kaumaha o nā wahine ma kahi o 40% ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 120-130 cm. ʻO ka poʻe nui loa e noho ana ma Greenland komohana, ka liʻiliʻi - ʻākau.Bipi musk ʻokoʻa mai nā holoholona like e like me yak, bison, niho ʻaʻole wale ma kona helehelena, akā me ka diploid helu o nā chromosome. Ua loaʻa i ka holoholona ka inoa "musk ox" no ka ʻala kikoʻī i hūnā ʻia e nā glands o ka holoholona.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka bipi musk
ʻO ka bipi musk kahi mammal hui. I ke kauwela, hiki i ka pā kau i 20 mau holoholona. I ka hoʻoilo - ʻoi aku i ka 25. ʻAʻohe o nā teritori i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, akā neʻe i kā lākou mau ala ponoʻī, i kahakaha ʻia me nā gland kūikawā.
ʻOi aku nā holoholona kahiko i nā holoholona ʻōpio a i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoneʻe lākou iā lākou mai nā wahi kahi nui nā meaʻai.Ola ka bipi musk i kekahi wahi a makemake e neʻe mamao aku mai ia wahi. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i ke kauwela, neʻe nā holoholona ma nā kahawai, a i ka hoʻoilo i ka hema.Bipi musk - holoholona ʻoʻoleʻa loa. Akā he ʻano maikaʻi kona e like me ka lohi a me ka lohi.
Inā pilikia ʻo ia, holo ʻo ia i ka wikiwiki o 40 km / h no kahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka momona subcutaneous a ʻeono lōʻihi e ʻae i ka holoholona e ola i nā hau hau o -60 kekelē. ʻO ka wolf lone a me ka bea polar he mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā bipi musk. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia artiodactyls i waena o nā holoholona nāwaliwali a wiwo ʻole paha.
I ka hanana o kahi ʻenemi hoʻouka kaua, lawe nā holoholona i kahi pale anapuni. Aia nā keiki bipi i loko o ka pōʻai. Ke hoʻouka nei, hoʻolei ka bipi kokoke i ka mea hakakā me kāna mau pepeiaohao, a hehi nā mea e kū kokoke ana iā ia. ʻAʻole holo kēia hana i ka hui wale ʻana me kahi kanaka mākaukau i hiki ke pepehi i kahi pūʻā holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi manawa pōkole. ʻIke i ka weliweli, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e honi a hū, pulu nā keiki bipi, uwō nā kāne.
ʻAiʻai musk bipi
Ke ʻimi nei ka holoholona i ka bipi nui i loko o ka pā. I ka hoʻoilo, hiamoe nā bipi musk a hoʻomaha hou, nā mea e kōkua ai i ka digestion maikaʻi o ka meaʻai.Ola nā pipi Musk ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ke anuanu paʻakikī, no laila ʻaʻole ʻano ʻokoʻa kā lākou papaʻai. Pōkole loa ka lōʻihi o ke kauwela Arctic, no laila e ʻai nā bipi musk i nā mea kanu maloʻo i ʻeli ʻia mai lalo o ka hau. Hiki i nā holoholona ke kiʻi iā lākou mai ka hohonu a i ka hapalua mika.
I ka hoʻoilo, makemake nā bipi musk e noho i nā wahi me ka hau liʻiliʻi a hānai i nā laikini, lumi, licindeer reindeer a me nā mea kanu dwraf tundra hou aʻe. I ke kauwela, ʻahaʻaina nā holoholona i ka sedge, nā lālā shrub a me nā lau lāʻau. I loko o kēia wā, ʻimi nā holoholona i nā lika paʻakai mineral e hiki ai ke lawa i ka pono o nā macro- a me nā microelement.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o kahi bipi musk
I ke kauwela kau, ka wanaʻao, hoʻomaka ke kau moʻa no nā bipi musk. I kēia manawa, mākaukau nā kāne e hoa i ka hui wahine. Ma muli o nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne, hoʻoholo ʻia ka mea lanakila, nāna e hana i kahi harem. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole kū nā hakakā kolohe, ʻūlū lākou, puʻupuʻu, a hū paha i ko lākou mau kui.
Kākaʻikahi ka make ʻana. Hōʻike ka mea nona ka harem i ka huhū a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i kekahi e kokoke i nā wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana i nā bipi musk ma kahi o 9 mau mahina. I ka hala ʻana o ka luawai, ke kauwela mua, hānau ʻia kahi keiki bipi kauō a 10 kg paha. Hānau ʻia hoʻokahi pēpē, kākaʻikahi loa ka ʻelua.
ʻO ka hapalua hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua kū ka pēpē i kona mau wāwae. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, hoʻomaka nā keiki bipi e hana i nā hui a pāʻani pū. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka waiū o ka makuahine no ʻeono mau mahina, a ma ia manawa ua like kona kaupaona me 100 kg. No nā makahiki ʻelua, pili pili ʻole ka makuahine a me ka pēpē kekahi i kekahi. Makua ka holoholona i ka makahiki ʻehā. Hiki ke ola o nā bipi musk i 15 mau makahiki.
