Carp ʻO ia ka inoa ʻepekema no ka carp muliwai. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau iʻa kekahi o nā poʻe i makemake nui ʻia a hoʻolaha ʻia o nā kino wai piha. ʻAneʻane e moemoeā nā lawaiʻa a pau i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi tropa carp. Nui loa ka nohona o ka carp. He mea maʻamau ka neʻe ʻana no lākou, lilo lākou i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka waihona wai like.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Carp
Pili nā carp i nā holoholona chordate. Koho ʻia i ka papa o nā iʻa fin-ray, ke ʻoka carp, ka ʻohana carp, ka genp carp, ka species carp.
ʻO Carps kekahi o nā iʻa i makemake nui ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke inoa i ka manawa kikoʻī o ko lākou helehelena ma ka honua. Kuhi kekahi poʻe ua luku loa ʻia nā koena o nā kūpuna o ka iʻa e nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā kūlana o ke aniau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike maopopo ia ma kahi o 300-350 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua noho ʻia ka Honua e nā kūpuna o nā iʻa o kēia wā - Acrania. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā koena fossil i ʻike ʻia o kēia mau mea ola. Ma waho, ua like lākou me nā iʻa o kēia mau lā, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou iwi poʻo, lolo, ā a me nā ʻāpana paʻa.
Video: Carp
Nui ka ʻepekema e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei i ka wai i kū mai ai nā kūpuna mua o nā iʻa o kēia au - hou a paʻakai paha. I kēia pili, aia kekahi mana i hiki i nā annelids ke lilo i mau kūpuna.
Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe ua noho mua nā lunamakaʻāinana mua o nā iʻa o kēia manawa ma kahi o 450 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua ʻike nā kānaka hulihonua i kekahi mau mōʻalihaku i kuhihewa no ke koena o nā kūpuna kahiko o nā iʻa o kēia au. Hoʻomanaʻo hou kēia mau koena o nā lā hou o ke ola kai. Eia nō naʻe, uhi ʻia ko lākou kino i kahi ʻano pū, ʻaʻohe a lākou ʻāʻī.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: iʻa Carp
No ka ʻohana carp ka carp. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī i kāna hiʻohiʻona waho.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho kūwaho:
- nunui, nunui a nunui loa, kino elongated iki;
- laina kua ākea a me nā ʻaoʻao i hoʻokū iki ʻia;
- poʻo nui, lehulehu;
- haʻahaʻa, nunui, nā lehelehe ʻiʻo;
- ma ka lehelehe lalo he ʻelua mau ʻumi ʻumiʻumi. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he mea hana e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka papa o lalo;
- nui ʻole nā maka me nā gula ʻulaʻula brown;
- ka lōʻihi lōʻihi o ke kala ʻeleʻele me kahi notch ʻano;
- anal fin ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula;
- hina nā hina ʻē aʻe - lilac;
- uhi ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa me nā unahi gula paʻa. Pālahalaha lākou a nui aku.
Mea hoihoi: Ke ulu nei ka carp no ʻewalu mau makahiki o kona ola. Ulu kekahi kanaka i ka nui nui. Hiki i ke kino o ka iʻa ke hiki i 60-70 kenimika a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻO ka awelika o ke kino o nā iʻa mai 1.5 a 3.5 kilokilo. Ua hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo ka mōʻaukala i ka wā i hopu ai nā lawaiʻa i kekahi kanaka ma mua o ka mika ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ke kaupaona ma mua o 15-17 kilo!
Waihoʻoluʻu mau ke kua o ka carp i kahi kala māmā a me nā kala gula. ʻEleʻele nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano carp, kēlā me kēia me nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho kūwaho.
Ma hea e noho ai ke kāpena?
Kiʻi: Carp i ka muliwai
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano he sedentary, e noho ana i ka palena ʻāina. Noho kēia mahele o nā iʻa i kona ola holoʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia panalāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi iʻa i hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona semi-anadromous. Hele lākou i ka neʻe ʻana mai nā loko a me nā loko iʻa i nā loko wai i ka wā hoʻoulu huaʻai.
ʻO Carp, a i ʻole Carp, manaʻo nui ʻia he iʻa wai hou, akā aia kekahi mau mea ola e noho i ka hohonu o ke kai. Koho nā wahi mālie me ke au lohi e like me nā wahi mau no ka iʻa. Hōʻoluʻolu hoʻi lākou i ka wai stagnant. I nā wahi e loaʻa ai ka carp, ka lalo lepo, ma luna ona e ʻūlū ai, nā kumu lāʻau, nā mānoanoa o ka limu, nā lua.
Mea hoihoi: I ka waha o ke koʻa he ʻekolu lālani o nā niho ʻono nui aʻe. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki i ka iʻa ke wili maʻalahi i nā meaʻai āpau, me nā pūpū o mollusks.
ʻO ke kumu nui no ka noho ʻoluʻolu o ka carp kahi lawa kūpono o ka meaʻai ma ka lalo o ka waihona. ʻAʻole hana ka wai brackish i nā pilikia a me ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole no ka iʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke noho kokoke i nā wahi āpau: nā waihona wai, nā loko, nā muliwai, nā loko wai, a pēlā aku. He mea maʻamau ʻole ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka carp mai ko lākou wahi noho mau.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka iʻa noho:
- Kai Kaiwaenahonua;
- Kai Aral;
- Ke Kai Azov;
- Kai ʻEleʻele;
- Ke kai Caspian;
- Kai Baletika;
- Kai ʻĀkau;
- ʻO Issyk-Kul Lake ma Kyrgyzstan;
- kekahi mau ʻāpana ma Kamchatka a me Siberia;
- na muliwai o ka Hikina Loa;
- Kina;
- Hikina Hema Asia;
- nā lālā o ka muliwai Volga, Kura, Don, Kuban.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea i luna, pono e hoʻomaopopo he aloha nui nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano. ʻO ia ke kumu i makemake ai ka iʻa i loko o kahi kolamu wai hoʻomehana maikaʻi. ʻO ka mahana ola optimum he + 25 kekelē. He paʻakikī ka iʻa e hoʻomanawanui i ka makani mai ke kūkulu ʻākau a hoʻololi i ka mahana a me nā ʻano pae. Inā nui ka loli i ke aniau, piʻi ka makani anuanu a i ʻole nā lele nui i ke kaomi honua, e peʻe ka iʻa ma lalo o ka driftwood a i ʻole nā lua ma lalo.
He aha ka ʻai a ka carp?
Kiʻi: Carp ma lalo o ka wai
ʻEkolu lālani o nā niho nui o ke Carp. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki i ka iʻa ke wili maʻalahi i nā meaʻai paʻa loa. ʻIke ʻia ʻaʻole he ʻōpū kēia mau iʻa, a no laila hiki iā lākou ke ʻai mau i ka meaʻai. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ma hope o ka ʻai pono ʻole o ka hoʻoilo, ka mea nui o nā limu a me nā ʻano mea ulu like ʻole, lilo ka meaʻai i mea like ʻole a momona hoʻi. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā lunamaka o nā meaola kai a me nā holoholona.
He aha ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia i ka papaʻai o ka carp:
- nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu wai;
- ʻōpuʻu ʻohe;
- ʻāpiki;
- ke ola kai maʻalahi loa - ciliates;
- plankton kai;
- rotifers;
- larva o nā iʻa aquatic;
- nā lepe;
- caviar o nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole;
- caviar rana;
- ilo:
- nā mollusc liʻiliʻi a me nā crustacean;
- nā caddisflies;
- nalo;
- daphnia;
- pulelehua.
I ka pūnāwai, hiki i nā iʻa ke ʻai i nā ʻanoʻano, nā mea kanu ʻāina a me nā wai, nā lau, a me nā koʻokoʻo. ʻO ka hoʻomehana a me ke kau kau e hoʻoulu i ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i ka papaʻai me nā ʻelele o ka honua holoholona. Pili kēia i ka wā o ka wā mehana i loko o nā kino wai he nui nā kolo, mollusc liʻiliʻi a me nā crustacean, a i ka wā o ka spawning aia kahi nui o nā hua manu o nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, komo ka iʻa i loko o ka silt a hūnā paha i loko o nā lua a ʻai ʻole i kahi mea a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio e hānai i ka caviar a me nā larva o nā iʻa aquatic, e hoʻonui hou i ka papaʻai me nā mea nui a nui aku o ka honua holoholona. ʻAʻole loa e loaʻa ka carp i kahi e lawa ʻole ai ka lako o ka meaʻai. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ulu mua ʻana o nā iʻa he 7-8 a pono lākou i ka nui o ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Carp ma Lūkia
ʻO ka hapa nui o kēlā me kēia ʻano he iʻa wai hou, ʻaʻole e neʻe i kahi mamao. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau wahi aia kekahi poʻe kamaʻāina e ʻoluʻolu i kēlā ʻano ʻano a hiki ke kupu aʻe i ka wai brackish. Makemake kekahi mau lunamaka o ka laha e noho ma nā wahi me kahi kulu nui o ka hohonu a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau o nā ʻohe a me nā līlia wai.
He iʻa kula ke kāhea. Noho pinepine ʻo ia i loko o kahi ʻeke, ʻo ka helu o ia mau mea e pili pono ana i kona nui. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa, ʻo ka nui ka nui o ke kula. ʻEleu ka hana i ka pouli, ke ʻau aku i kona mau wahi peʻe e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. I ke ahiahi a me ka wanaʻao, makemake ʻo ia e ʻauʻau kokoke i ke kapakai e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai, lawe ʻia e kēia au mai kahakai. I ke kau mahana, hiki iā ia ke ʻau i ke kapa one wale nō i ka frolic.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, peʻe ka iʻa i loko o nā kula nunui a lalo, e ʻūlū ana i ka lepo a noho i nā lua hohonu. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ʻai ka carp i kekahi mea, no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka meaʻai, a ma muli o ke anu anuanu, alakaʻi ka iʻa i kahi nohona neʻe ʻole. Mālama nui nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano, hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻalo i nā wahi i loaʻa nā iʻa ʻaihue ʻē aʻe: he iʻa, pike, pike perch.
Ma ke kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia ka iʻa me ka maka maka maikaʻi a me ka lohe maikaʻi. Hiki i ka neʻe iki a i ʻole ke kani ke hoʻoweliweli iā ia. No ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻohana ʻole kekahi i ka ʻike wale nō, akā kahi ʻumiʻumi kūikawā hoʻi. ʻO nā meaʻai a lākou e mālama ai e ʻike he ʻono a mahalo hoʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana a me ka ale ʻia ʻana, koe wale nō nā limu.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Carp
Hiki i nā kāne ke oʻo moekolohe ma kahi o 2.9-3.3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. I kēia manawa, hiki lākou i kahi 30-35 kenimika lōʻihi. Ua hele a moekolohe nā wahine ma hope iki - i ka makahiki 4-5. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne e ka awelika o 15 centimita.
Mea hoihoi: Manaʻo ʻia ka moʻo wahine ʻo ia kekahi o nā iʻa momona o ka honua. I loko o ka wā spawning, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolei i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua miliona mau hua i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Hānau aʻe kekahi mau mea wahine i ka manawa e hoʻomehana ai ka wai a hiki i kahi mahana o 16-20 kekelē. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hū ʻana o kēia iʻa kikoʻī no kona singularity a me kona kupaianaha. Hānau mai ka iʻa i loko o nā kula liʻiliʻi, kahi hoʻokahi wahine a ʻelua a ʻekolu paha kāne kāne. Hana ʻia kēia i ke ahiahi a i ʻole i ka pō i ka wai pāpaʻu i nā mānoanoa o nā ʻohe a me nā mea kanu wai ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka nui o ka pīpī ʻana, e ʻike ʻia ke lele mai nā kāne mai ka wai. Ma kahi e hana ai ka nū ʻana, ʻohiʻohi ka iʻa i ka wā ma mua, ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana ʻana, a noho ma ka hohonu o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a i ʻelua mau mika.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana ke hoʻomehana a lawa ka wai. Hana ʻia kēia i ka waena a i ka hopena o Mei. Hoʻomau ka hana ʻana a hiki i ka hopena o Iune. Hānau pinepine nā wahine i nā ʻanuʻu he nui, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mahana o ka wai. Yellowish nā hua hua Carp i ke kala hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i ʻelua millimeter ke anawaena. Hoʻopili pinepine lākou i nā mea kanu wai. Hānai nā hua manu i kahi ʻeke melemele. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, huli ka hua i loko o ka pā. Hiki ke ola a hiki iā lākou ke hānai iā lākou iho. Ke ulu a makua, hoʻonui ka ʻai i kā lākou papaʻai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka carp
Kiʻi: iʻa Carp
I ko lākou wahi maoli, nui ka ʻenemi o ka carp. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi nui ka rana, kahi e hoʻopau ai i ka nui o nā ʻai a me nā ʻenuhe o kēia iʻa. No ka poʻe ʻōpio a me ka waena, nui nā manu lele - gulls, terns - weliweli. Ma waena o nā ʻenemi o ke koʻa a me nā iʻa predatory - pikes, catfish, asps. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻai iʻa iʻa i nā mea nui, hoʻēmi nui i kona heluna kanaka.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kākā he lohe maikaʻi a he iʻa wikiwiki a akahele loa hoʻi ia, ua paʻa ʻo ia i nā mea nui e nā lawaiʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hāmeʻa e hopu i nā lunamaka o kēia laha. Hopu maikaʻi ʻia lākou i nā peahi mahu, nāʻuala i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, palaoa palaoa, a me nā ʻenuhe honua, nā nalo Mei, a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe.
Alualu ʻia ʻo Carp ma nā kahawai a me nā loko. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka carp koi kekahi ʻike a me ka mākau. Pili kēia i ka makaʻala o ka iʻa a ʻaʻole ia e ale koke i ka maunu, akā ʻono iki ia. Ma waena o nā ʻelele o kēia laha, nui nā kānaka i hiki ke kiʻi maʻalahi i ke koʻokoʻo mai nā lima a huli i ka laina. ʻIke nā Anglers i ka nui o ka mālama pono e hopu iā ia. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia ka carp me ka lohe maikaʻi loa, a pane koke i nā kani iki.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Carp i ka muliwai
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka heluna carp i ʻelua mau pūʻulu. ʻO hoʻokahi hui ka heluna kanaka e noho ana ma Caspian a me nā kahawai o ke Kai Aral. Noho nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka hui ʻē aʻe i nā waihona wai o Kina, nā ʻāina ʻAsia a me ka Hikina hikina.
I kēia mau lā, i kekahi mau wahi, aia kahi iho i lalo i nā helu iʻa. Loaʻa kēia i ka paʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i ka nui, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā mea ʻaihue. ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi ana i ka helu he hoʻololi i ka pae o ka wai, e pili ana me ka hana o nā hanana neʻe. Koi loa kēia pilikia no nā wahi hema o Lūkia. I kēlā mau ʻāina kahi e hoʻomaka ai ke kai a Kahinaliʻi ma mua, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā iʻa ma laila.
I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole ka haumia o nā wai i nā lehulehu iʻa. ʻAʻole pilikia ka lehulehu carp, no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻelele o kēia laha e hana ikaika me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kā lākou ʻano.
Ua manaʻo mau ʻia ka carp he iʻa kālepa waiwai. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia iwakālua i nā kai Azov a me ʻEleʻele, ʻo ka lawaiʻa iʻa o ka nui o ka hana iʻa i aneane 13%. I kēlā manawa, ma kahi o 9 mau iʻa iʻa i hopu ʻia i kēia mau ʻāina. I nā makahiki 60 o ke kenekulia i hala, ʻo ka lawaiʻa ʻōpala i ke kai Aral ma kahi o 34% o ka nui o ka hana iʻa. I kēia lā, ua heleleʻi nui ka iʻa i hopu ʻia.
Carp manaʻo ʻia he iʻa maʻamau a kaulana hoʻi. Makemake lākou e kuke iā ia ma ka home a ma nā hale ʻaina ʻoi loa. Lawaiʻa ka lawaiʻa i kekahi manawa i ka pīhoihoi loa.
Ka lā paʻi: 05/17/2020
Lā hou: 25.02.2020 ma 22:53
