ʻO Cyanea (Cyanea capillata) ka mea nui o nā jellyfish kai i loaʻa ma ka honua. ʻO Cyanea kekahi o kekahi o nā ʻohana "jellyfish maoli". Kupaianaha kona hiʻohiʻona a me he mea lā he mea ʻole ia. ʻO ka poʻe lawaiʻa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e noʻonoʻo ʻokoʻa i ka wā e paʻa ai kā lākou ʻupena me kēia mau jellyfish i ke kauwela, a iā lākou e pale ai iā lākou iho ma ke kau ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā a me nā aniani mokokaikala e pale ai i ko lākou mau maka maka mai nā ʻāpana cyanea. A he aha ka ʻōlelo a nā mea hoʻomalule ke hina lākou ma luna o kahi gelatino i ka wā e ʻauʻau ana a laila ʻike i ka ʻā ʻana o ke ahi i ko lākou ʻili? A eia nō naʻe nā meaola ola a mākou e kaʻana like ai i kahi e noho ai, a ʻoiai ke ʻano kumu, he waiwai maoli ʻole kā lākou.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Cyanea
ʻO Arctic cyanea kahi kūpono i waena o nā jellyfish, ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka genus. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ʻo cyanea huluhulu a mane liona paha. ʻO ka mōʻaukala evolution of Cnidaria he mea kahiko loa ia. Ua puni ʻo Jellyfish ma kahi o 500 miliona mau makahiki. No ka ʻohana Cnidarian (Cnidaria) ʻo Cyaneans, a he 9000 ka nui o nā ʻano. ʻO ka hui kumu maoli a ʻo Scyphozoa jellyfish, e helu ana ma kahi o 250 mau lunamakaʻāinana.
Video: Cyanea
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: kūlike ʻole ka ʻauhau Cyanea. ʻ suggestlelo kekahi mau zologist e mālama ʻia nā laha āpau i loko o ka genus ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi.
Unuhi ʻia ʻo Cyanos mai ka ʻōlelo Lākina - polū, capillus - lauoho. ʻO Cyanea kahi lunamaka o nā jellyfish scyphoid e pili ana i ke kauoha o discomedusas. Ma waho o ka cyanea arctic, aia he ʻelua ʻauhau kaʻawale ʻē aʻe, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau, me ka jellyfish polū (Cyanea lamarckii) ʻokoʻa i ke kala (polū, ʻaʻole ʻulaʻula) a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (10-20 cm ke anawaena, kākaʻikahi ka 35 cm) ...
ʻO nā kānaka i ka Pākīpika komohana a puni ʻo Iapana i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo Japanese Cyanea (Cyanea nozakii). I ka 2015, hoʻolaha nā kānaka noiʻi mai Lūkia i kahi pilina kūpono o nā laha, Cyanea tzetlinii, i loaʻa i ke Kai Keʻokeʻo, akā ʻaʻole kēia i ʻike ʻia e nā waihona ʻikepili ʻē aʻe e like me WoRMS a i ʻole ITIS.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o cyanea
ʻO ka Jellyfish he 94% wai a he symmetrical radally. Loaʻa iā lākou nā papa lole ʻelua. Loaʻa i ka jellyfish nunui he bele hemispherical me nā kihi scalloped. ʻO nā bele o cyanea he ʻewalu mau lobes, a he 70 a 150 paha mau tentacles i kēlā me kēia mea, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani ʻehā i wehewehe pono ʻia. Ma ka lihi o ka bele he mea koena ma kēlā me kēia ʻewalu mau groove ma waena o nā lobes - ropals, kahi e kōkua ai i ka jellyfish e hoʻokele. Mai ka waha waena e kīloi ākea, e kīloi ana i nā lima waha me nā ʻāʻā ahi e ʻā ana. Ma kahi kokoke i kona waha, piʻi ka nui o nā tentacles i 1200 paha.
Mea leʻaleʻa: ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona loa o ka cyanea kona kala. ʻAno ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ka hana ʻana i nā waihona. ʻO nā nematocst ʻoi loa o ka jellyfish kona hiʻona. ʻOiai ʻo kahi holoholona i make a i ʻole kahi tentacle haʻihaʻi hiki ke ʻeha.
Aia i loko o kekahi mau lobes nā ʻola manaʻo, e like me nā lua ʻala, nā kino koena, a me nā mea loaʻa māmā. ʻO kāna bele he 30 a 80 mau paha ke anawaena, a ulu kekahi poʻe i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 180 knm. ʻO ka lima waha he poni me nā ʻulaʻula a melemele paha. Hiki i ka bele ke poni i ʻulaʻula gula a i ʻole ka poni brownish. ʻAʻohe o ʻona ʻona ʻo Cyanea ma ka lihi o ka bele, akā ʻewalu ona mau pūʻulu he 150 mau tentacles ma ka lalo o kāna malu. Loaʻa i kēia mau tentacles nā nematocist pono loa, e like me ka papa luna o ka jellyfish.
Aia ke kino o ka cyanea i ʻelua mau huna paʻa pūnaewele, ka epidermis waho a me ka gastrodermis o loko. Ma waena o lākou e moe ana kahi papa kākoʻo i loaʻa ʻole nā pūnaewele, ka mesogloe. ʻO ka ʻōpū nui o ka lua. ʻIke ia i kona hoʻomau ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana nui o nā kahawai. Hoʻokahi wale nō puka ma waho, a ʻo ia ka waha a me ka anus. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā pūnaewele neural maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻohe ʻaʻa maoli.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo cyanea?
Kiʻi: Medusa cyanea
Kau palena ʻo Cyanea i ke anuanu, wai wai o ka Arctic, ʻAkelanika ʻAkau a me ka Moana Pākīpika ʻĀkau. ʻO kēia jellyfish ka mea maʻamau i ka English Channel, ke Kai ʻIlelani, ke Kai ʻĀkau, a ma ke komohana o ka wai ʻo Scandinavian ma ka hema o Kattegat a me Øresund. Hiki iā ia ke heʻe i ka ʻaoʻao komohana hema o ke kai Baltic (kahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻohua ma muli o ka paʻakai liʻiliʻi). ʻIke ʻia nā jellyfish like - he ʻano like like paha - e noho i nā kai kokoke iā Australia a me New Zealand.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka hōʻike nui loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i ʻike ʻia ma 1870 ma ke kahakai o Massachusetts Bay, he bele me ke anawaena o 2.3 mika a me nā tentacles 37 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau jellyfish Cyanean ma lalo o 42 ° N ma nā kahakai nui ma kahakai hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Loaʻa lākou i ka pelagic zone o ke kai e like me nā jellyfish, a e like me nā polyps i ka ci benthic. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kahi hoʻokolohua i hiki ke ola i loko o ka wai hou a i ʻole i nā muliwai muliwai ke koi lākou i ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe o ka moana ākea. ʻAʻole pakiaka ʻo Cyanea i loko o nā wai mehana, a inā loaʻa iā ia i nā ʻano aniani haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna nui i ka hapalua mika i ke anawaena.
ʻO nā lōʻihi lōʻihi a lahilahi e puka mai ana mai ka subzone o ka bele e wehewehe ʻia me he "lālau loa". He mau huna ahi kā hoʻi kā lākou. Hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i nā tentacles o nā mea nui nui a i 30 m a ʻoi paha, me ka hōʻike loea loa i ʻike ʻia, holoi ʻia i uka i ka makahiki 1870, nona ka lōʻihi o 37 m. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ka cyanea - ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o kahi koholā polū - i loaʻa ke kūlana o kekahi o nā holoholona i ʻike lōʻihi ʻia i ka honua
He aha ka cyanea e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Cyanea lauoho
ʻO Cyanea huluhulu kahi predator insatiable a kūleʻa hoʻi. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi nui o kāna mau tentacles e hopu i nā pio. Ke hopu ʻia ka meaʻai, hoʻohana ʻo cyanea i nā tentacles e lawe i ka mea pio i kona waha. Hoʻopili ʻia ka meaʻai e nā enzymes a laila hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka ʻōnaehana branched channel i loko o ke kino. Māhele ʻia nā meaola ma o nā kaha radial. Hāʻawi kēia mau kahawai radial i ka jellyfish me ka lawa pono o ka momona e neʻe a ʻimi.
Noho nā holoholona i nā hipa liʻiliʻi a hānai ʻaneʻane ma Zooplankton. Hopu lākou i ka mea pio ma ka hohola ʻana e like me ka pale a ke komo mālie nei i ka honua. ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai nā pāpaʻi liʻiliʻi i kā lākou tentacles.
ʻO ka waiwai nui no ka cyanea:
- meaola planktonic;
- ʻōpae;
- pāpaʻi liʻiliʻi;
- nā jellyfish ʻē aʻe liʻiliʻi;
- i kekahi manawa he iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Hopu ʻo Cyanea i kāna mea pio, e lele mālie ana, e hohola ana i nā tentacles i kahi pōʻai, e hana ana i kahi ʻano upena hei. Komo ka mea pio i loko o ka "ʻupena" a pīhoihoi ʻia e nā nematocist, ka mea a ka holoholona i hoʻokomo i kāna mea pio. He mea ʻaihue poʻokela ia e makaʻu nei nā meaola kai he nui. ʻO kekahi o nā kīʻaha punahele o cyanea ʻo A urelia aurita. ʻO kekahi meaola nui e hoʻopau i ka cyane ka ctenophora (Ctenophora).
Ke ʻumeʻume nei ka Combs i ka maka no ka mea luku lākou i ka zooplankton i nā kaiāulu kūloko. Loaʻa kēia i nā hopena weliweli no ke kaiaolaola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi meaʻai cyanea hoihoi kekahi ʻo Bristle-jaws. He mākaʻi mākaukau kēia mau mea pana kai i ko lākou ala ponoʻī. ʻO Sarsia ka mea hou aʻe o ka jellyfish - kahi ʻano o Hydrozoa ma ka ʻohana Corynidae. He meaʻai māmā kēia jellyfish liʻiliʻi no ka cyanea nunui.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Arctic Cyanea
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke cyanea ola i loko o ka wai hiki ke ʻeha, ʻoiai lākou e huki nei i kahi kaʻa o ka tentacles i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma kahi o 3 m ka lōʻihi ma waena o ka wai. ʻO ka jellyfish waiū he mea ʻauʻau maʻamau i hiki ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki a i mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola a hiki ke uhi i nā wahi lōʻihi e hoʻohana ana i nā kai. ʻIke ʻia lākou e hana i nā kula mile-mile ka lōʻihi i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma kahakai o Nolewai a ma ke Kai ʻĀkau.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: Hiki i Cyanea ke lilo i mea weliweli i ka poʻe ʻauʻau ma ka hoʻopili ʻana me kāna mau tentacles, akā ʻaʻole ia e ʻai i nā kānaka.
Noho ʻo Cyanei kokoke loa i ka ʻili, i ka hohonu o 20 mau mika. Hoʻomoe mālie kā lākou mau pulsations lohi iā lākou i mua, no laila hilinaʻi lākou i nā kai o ke kai e kōkua iā lākou e huakaʻi i kahi mamao. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Jellyfish i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ke ulu lākou i kahi nui a hoʻomaka nā nalu kai e kahili iā lākou i uka. I nā wahi me ke koena o ka meaola, kōkua ka jellyfish e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai.
Hoʻomoʻa lākou i ka ikehu no ka neʻe a me ka hana hou ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo lākou ka nui o ka wai. No laila, haʻalele lākou i ka waiwai i ka palaho. Noho ʻo Cyaneans no 3 mau makahiki wale nō, i kekahi manawa he 6 a 9 mau mahina ko lākou ola, a make lākou ma hope o ka hānau hou. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hanauna o nā polyps. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā jellyfish i nā manawa he nui a hiki i ka makahiki o kekahi mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Giant Cyanea
E like me ka umbrella jellyfish, ʻo ka cyanea huluhulu kahi hanauna, polyp liʻiliʻi e hibernates ma ka kai. ʻO ka mea kūikawā o ka jellyfish huluhulu ʻo kā lākou polyp kahi mea kanu ulu a no laila hiki ke hana pinepine i nā jellyfish ʻōpio. E like me nā jellyfish ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka cyanea ke hana hou i ka moekolohe ma ka pae jellyfish a me ka hānau hou ʻana ma ka pae polyp.
ʻEhā ʻāpana o lākou i ko lākou ola makahiki.
- pae larval;
- pae polyp;
- ʻ ethers kahua;
- pae jellyfish.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hua a me ka sperm ma ke ʻano he ʻeke i nā wānana o ka paia ʻōpū. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hunaola germ i loko o ka waha no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i waho. I ka hihia o cyanea, paʻa nā hua i loko o ka tentacles waha a hiki i ka ulu ʻana o nā larvae planula. Noho ka larva planula ma ka substrate a lilo i polyps. Me kēlā me kēia mahele, hana ʻia kahi pāka liʻiliʻi, a ke hana ʻia kekahi mau pāpaʻi, haki ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa a lana e like me ka ether. Hoʻololi ʻo Ether i ʻano ʻano jellyfish.
Hāpai ka jellyfish wahine i nā hua i hoʻomomona ʻia i loko o kona tentacle, kahi e ulu ai nā hua i larvae. Ke hiki a lawa ka larva, waiho ka wahine iā lākou ma kahi paʻakikī, kahi e ulu koke ai ka larva i polyps. Hoʻomaka ka Polyps e hana kope asexual, e hana ana i nā puʻu o nā mea liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he ether. Ua haki kēlā me kēia ʻepa ephyrae i nā puʻupuʻu kahi e ulu ai i ka pae jellyfish a lilo i mau jellyfish makua.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o cyane
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o cyane
He mau ʻenemi ko ka jellyfish iho. Ma ke ʻano he lāhui me kahi makemake no nā wai anuanu, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau jellyfish keʻaʻa i nā wai mehana. ʻO nā Cyaneans he mau mea pelagic no ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola, akā mālama lākou i nā kahawai pāpaʻu a i ka hopena o ka makahiki. I ke kai ākea, lilo nā cyaneans i nā oases lana no kekahi mau ʻano e like me ka ʻōpae, stromateic, radial, constipation a me nā mea ulu ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i kahi kumu meaʻai pono a lilo i pale no nā mea ʻino.
Ua lilo ʻo Cyaneans i poʻe ʻaihue:
- mau kai kai;
- iʻa nui aku e like me ke kai lā kai;
- nā ʻano jellyfish ʻē aʻe;
- manu kuhukukū.
ʻAi wale ka honu leatherback i ka cyanea i nā helu he nui i ke kau kau wela a puni ka Hikina o Kanada. I mea e ola ai, ʻai ʻo ia i ka cyanide ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka manawa e oʻo ai. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o nā honu leatherback, ʻaʻohe pono e hana ʻia nā hana kūikawā e hōʻemi ai i ka make ʻana o cyanea ma muli o ka nui o kāna helu.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo kahi maʻi maʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi maʻamau, ʻo Hyperia galba, lilo i "malihini" pinepine o nā jellyfish. ʻAʻole wale ia e hoʻohana i ka cyania ma ke ʻano he "lawe", akā hoʻopau pū nō hoʻi i ka meaʻai i hoʻopili ʻia e ka "host" i loko o ke kaʻa. ʻO ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi i ka wī o ka jellyfish a me ka make hou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Medusa cyanea
ʻAʻole i loiloi piha ʻia nā heluna o Cyanea e ka International Union for Conservation of Nature, akā i kēia lā, ʻaʻole ia e manaʻo ʻia he pilikia ka lāhui. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā hoʻoweliweli kanaka, me ka ninini ʻia o ka aila a me nā ʻōpala o ka moana, ke make i kēia mau meaola.
Ma ka launa ʻana me ke kino o ke kanaka, hiki iā ia ke kumu i ka ʻeha kūlohelohe a me ka ʻulaʻula kūloko. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau a i nā poʻe olakino, ʻaʻole make ka nahu, akā ma muli o ka nui o nā tentacles ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, paipai ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau. He malihini ka manaʻo mua ma mua o ka ʻeha, a ua like me ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai mehana a me kahi wai fizzy. E ukali koke ana kekahi mau ʻeha liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻohe maʻamau ka weliweli maoli i nā kānaka (koe wale no nā mea me nā maʻi ʻaina kikoʻī). Akā i nā hihia ma kahi i nahu ʻia ai kekahi ma ka hapa nui o ke kino, ʻaʻole wale e nā tentacles lōʻihi loa, akā e kahi jellyfish holoʻokoʻa (me nā tentacles o loko, kahi e pili ana i ka 1200). I ka wai hohonu, hiki i nā nahu ikaika ke hoʻomakaʻu i ka makaʻu, a ukali ʻia e ka make ʻana.
Mea leʻaleʻa: Ma kahi lā Iulai i ka makahiki 2010, ma kahi o 150 mau ipo kahakai i ʻū ʻia e nā koena o cyanea, i haki ʻia i mau ʻāpana he nui ma Wallis Sands State Beach ma United States. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā laha, hiki paha i kēia hanana ke kumu ʻia e hoʻokahi hanana.
ʻO Cyanea hiki i ka theoretical ke mālama holoʻokoʻa i nā cnidocytes a hiki i ka wā o ka hemo ʻana. Hōʻoia ka noiʻi e hiki i nā cnidocytes ke hana no kahi manawa lōʻihi ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka jellyfish, akā me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka helu hoʻokuʻu. He mea pale ikaika kā lākou mau mea make i nā predators. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha, hoʻolōʻihi i nā palapū a me ka huhū nui i nā kānaka. Eia hou, hiki i nā puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu, ka hanu ʻana a me nā pilikia puʻuwai ke hiki i ka poʻe maʻalahi.
Lā paʻi: 25.01.2020
Lā hou: 07.10.2019 ma 0:58
