ʻAeto moʻoʻike He manu nui pio. E like me nā ʻaeto maʻamau, pili ia i ka ʻohana hawk. Hoʻohui pinepine nā aeto maʻamau me nā buzzards, nā ʻaeto a me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, akā ʻike ʻia ka hapa iki o ke ʻano o kēia mau mea ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. Noho nui nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau, nā nāhelehele, nā māla a me nā wahi hānai kūlohelohe, pinepine i kahi lewa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻIke ʻIke
Ma muli o ke kālailai ʻana i nā kaʻina mitochondrial o nā aeto kiko kiko i lawe ʻia ma Estonia i ka makahiki 1997-2001, ua loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi ka nui o nā lāhui like ʻole i kēia ʻano ma mua o kahi laʻana nui o nā ʻaeto liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia.
Ua manaʻo lākou ʻo ka noho ʻana o ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa i kū mua ma kēia ʻano ma mua o ka aeto Comb, e noho ana ma ka hikina o ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi makemake ʻo ia i ka pūnana ʻana i nā birch a me nā pine, e hoʻonui aku ana i ka ʻākau, ma mua o nā lāʻau ākea, e like me nā ʻaeto liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia.
Video: ʻIke ʻIke
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā aeto i ʻike ʻia he 20 a 25 mau makahiki. Hoʻopili pū nā mea hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou wahi noho, ka nui o nā mea pio, nā mea make make a me ka hopu holoholona. ʻO 35% ka make maʻamau o kēlā me kēia makahiki no nā ʻōpio, 20% no nā manu ʻōpio a 5% no nā mākua. Ma muli o kēia mau hoʻoweliweli, ʻo ko lākou mau makahiki ke ola maʻamau he 8 a 10 mau makahiki paha.
ʻO nā aeto i ʻike ʻia kahi predators nui i kā lākou kaiaolaola. Kōkua lākou i ka mālama ʻana i nā heluna o nā mammal liʻiliʻi a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā aeto i ʻike ʻia ke lilo i pono i nā mahiʻai no ka mea ʻai lākou i nā lāpaki a me nā meheu ʻē aʻe, nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā ʻelala a me nā mea kolo e hoʻoweliweli i nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia
Aia kekahi ʻano o nā aeto i ʻike ʻia:
- ʻaeto kuha nui;
- ʻaeto moʻo liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā aeto ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia. ʻO ko lākou ʻeheu he 130-180 cm. ʻO ka plumage o nā mākua ʻeleʻele loa, ʻoiai e uhi ʻia nā manu ʻōpio me nā kiko kukui i kekahi kekelē a i ʻole. Ma waho, ua like nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia me ka buzzard maʻamau, a mai kahi mamao aku hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā laha ma o kā lākou silhouette wale nō i ka wā o ka lele: ʻoiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka ʻaeto i ʻike i nā kihi o kona mau ʻēheu ke lele ʻo ia, mālama mau ka buzzard maʻamau iā lākou.
Ke nānā nei i nā manu ma kahi mamao aku, e ʻike ʻoe i ka maʻamau o ka buzzard keʻokeʻo i ka plumage, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻeleʻele nā ʻaeto i ʻike mau ʻia me nā kiko keʻokeʻo wale nō ma kā lākou hulu. Ma ka nānā pono ʻana, e ʻike ka mea nānā i ka uhi ʻia ʻana o nā ʻūlū aeto i ʻike ʻia me nā hulu a hiki i nā manamana wāwae, ʻoiai he hulu ʻole kēlā o nā buzzard maʻamau.
Ma muli o nā hōʻailona plumage, me ka pāpā ʻana o nā ʻeheu, hiki iā mākou ke kāpae maʻalahi i ka ʻaetoeto, kahi i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me nā kaha sparse ma kēlā me kēia hulu ma mua o nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia.
He poʻo māmā ka poʻo a me nā ʻeheu ʻo ka Lani ʻImi ʻImi ma mua o ka ʻoi aku ka pouli ʻo Greater Spaced Eagle. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kāʻei a lahilahi hoʻi ma ka lōʻihi o kāna mau pua mua, ʻoiai ʻo ka Greater Spaced Eagle kahi kahakaha lahilahi i kaupalena ʻia ʻia ma ka waena o kāna kala mua, a ʻo nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā kumu o nā hulu e noho māka ʻole. E like me nā aeto nui ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka makahiki o kēia manu e pili ana i nā kaha o ka plumage (ʻo kahi laʻana, he ʻōuli keʻokeʻo wale nō nā ʻōpio, a hāʻawi ʻia i inoa maʻamau).
He paʻakikī e haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua o nā ʻaeto ʻike kiko. ʻOi aku ka pouli, ʻoi aku ka nui, a me ka paʻa o ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻaeto nui. He paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o lākou, no ka mea, hana lākou i nā hui hui, kahi i hānau ʻia ai nā hybrids.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia?
Kiʻi: ʻElima ʻIke Nui
ʻIke ʻia nā pūnana aeto i loko o nā ululāʻau nui deciduous e pili ana i nā kula, nā mānoho a me nā wahi wai ʻē aʻe a hiki i 1000 m. Ma Asia, ʻike ʻia ia ma nā ululāʻau taiga, ma nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻāina wai, ma nā ʻāina wai a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā ululāʻau na lākou i ka hoʻoilo. ʻIke ʻia nā manu neʻe a hoʻoilo hoʻi i kekahi manawa ma nā wahi ākea a maloʻo pinepine.
I ko lākou kahua hoʻoilo i Malaysia, noho wale kēia mau ʻaeto i nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai e ʻai kaʻawale lākou, hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke kali me ka maluhia i kahi hui kaʻawale a puni ke kahua kahi e hana ai ka tractor. Hele pinepine kēia ʻano i nā landfills.
Ma Bangladesh, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā manu ma nā kahawai nui a me nā wai wai, kahi e nānā ai lākou e lele ana i luna a e hiamoe ana paha ma ka honua ma nā kahawai a i ʻole nā mokupuni o ka muliwai. I ka ʻIseraʻela i ka hoʻoilo i nā ani kai haʻahaʻa o lalo, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā manu ma nā awāwa a me nā wahi pulu, ma nā māla i mahi ʻia a me nā loko iʻa kokoke i nā wahi lāʻau, ʻo ka nui o ka eucalyptus.
I Lūkia, loaʻa lākou i nā ululāʻau, nā ululāʻau, nā awāwa, nā ululāʻau paina, nā ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi i nā wahi ʻūlū a ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau. I Kazakhstan - i nā ululaau kahakai, nā steppes ākea a me nā steppes ulu lāʻau.
He aha ka ʻai aeto ʻike?
Kiʻi: Liʻiliʻi ʻIke ʻIliʻiliʻi
Hānai ʻino nā ʻaeto ʻike i kā lākou mea pio ma nā wahi hānai pale ʻole ʻia, a ma nā wahi kai hoʻi, nā māla a me nā wahi ākea ʻē aʻe, a ʻoiai hoʻi i nā ulu lāʻau. ʻO kā lākou wahi e ʻimi ai, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, aia ma kahi o nā pūnana i aia ma kahi mamao a 1-2 km mai ka pūnaewele pūnana.
Hānai ʻino nā ʻaeto ʻike i kā lākou mea pio i ka lele a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau kokoke i nā palena o ka ululāʻau a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe aʻe (nā lāʻau lone, nā māno, nā pou uila). I kekahi manawa loaʻa ka manu i ka manu e hele wāwae ma ka honua. Huli ikaika ka ʻaeto i ʻike i kāna mea pio, lele a hele wāwae paha i ka hanana o ka lako ʻole o ka meaʻai, akā i ka hihia o nā kumuwaiwai waiwai, koho ʻo ia e alualu i ka mea pio.
ʻO kā lākou papaʻai nui nā:
- mamele liʻiliʻi i ka nui o ka hare, e like me nā voles;
- amphibians e like me nā rana;
- manu (me ka moa manu);
- nā mea kolo, e like me nā moʻo, nā moʻo;
- iʻa liʻiliʻi;
- nā pepelu nunui.
I nā wahi he nui ka waiwai pio o ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ka vole wai ʻākau (Arvicola terrestris). ʻO nā manu i hibernated ma Malaysia i hānai ʻia i ke kino make, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻiole make, i make ʻia i nā wahi mahiʻai. Komo kēia ʻano i ke kleptoparasitism mai kekahi a me kekahi a me nā ʻano predator ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu ʻeto ʻaeto ʻike ʻia
ʻO nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia he manu lele. Hoʻoilo lākou i ka Hikina Waena, ʻEulopa Hema, Central a me ʻApelika Hema. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana a i ʻApelika hoʻi ma waena o ka Bosphorus, ka Hikina Waena a me ke awāwa ʻo Nile. Ua hoʻi mai ka Greater Spaced Eagle mai ka hoʻoilo i ka hopena o Malaki, ʻoiai ʻo Eagles ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia ma hope, i ka mua o ʻApelila. Hele nā ʻano ʻelua i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa, akā ʻike mau ʻia kēlā manu kēia manu i ʻOkakopa.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: ʻike mau nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia ma ke mele hoʻokahi a i ʻole i nā pālua, akā ʻākoakoa lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kumu meaʻai nui a neʻe i nā holoholona.
Noho nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻāina mosaic kahi e hoʻololi ai nā ululāʻau me nā nāhelehele, nā kula, nā māla, nā awāwa a me nā kahawai. Hoʻololi lākou i ke ola ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau nui. Kūkulu nā manu i nā pūnana iā lākou iho a noho mau iā lākou i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, keu hoʻi inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana lākou i nā pūnana kahiko o nā manu manu ʻio ʻio (buzzard maʻamau, ka ʻokena ʻākau) a i ʻole i ka kikonia ʻeleʻele. I kekahi manawa he mau pūnana ko ka aeto kuhikihi, i hoʻohana ʻokoʻa ʻia i nā makahiki like ʻole.
Mea leʻaleʻa: Teritori loa nā ʻaeto ʻike. E hakakā lākou i nā manu ʻē aʻe kokoke loa i ko lākou pūnana. ʻOi aku ka huhū o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a makemake e hōʻike i ka lawena teritori i nā kāne ʻē aʻe. Hele pinepine nā wahine i nā pūnana o nā wahine ʻē aʻe i ka wā hānau.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Manu Manu Manu ʻElepa Nui
Hoʻomaka nā aeto i ʻike ʻia e kūkulu a hoʻoponopono paha i ka pūnana ke hiki mai lākou. I ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka o Mei, hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha (kākaʻikahi loa ʻekolu) nā hua i paʻa i ka paʻa. Hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻoulu koke iā lākou ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i ka hua mua, ʻo ia ke kumu e kū ai nā keiki i nā manawa like ʻole. ʻO ke kaʻina hatching he 37-41 mau lā. Hiki i nā Chicks ke lele ma 8-9 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, i kū like me ka hapa mua o ʻAukake. No nā moa, hoʻokahi, a i ʻole kākaʻikahi loa ʻelua, aʻo e lele.
ʻO ka holomua hānau ʻana o nā aeto i ʻike ʻia he pōkolu makahiki no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o nā voles, ka mea i makemake ʻia no nā ʻaeto. I nā makahiki i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hiki i ka huahana ke hoʻonui ʻia ma luna o 0.8 manu manuahi i hoʻomohala ʻia, akā i nā wā pōkole haʻahaʻa hiki i kēia helu ke iho i lalo o 0.3. Kūleʻa nā aeto i ʻike ʻia i ka hopohopo a maikaʻi ʻole ka hānau ʻana. ʻOiai waiho lākou i ʻelua mau hua, he hoʻokahi wale nō o ka moa i holo.
ʻIke hoihoi: Ma kahi e kū ai nā heluna aeto i nā pilikia, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i kā lākou huahana me ka hōʻoia ʻana e ola nā keiki ʻelua i ka wā o ka heʻe. Ma vivo aneane nalowale kekahi ma muli o ka fratricide i kapa ʻia ʻo kainism.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā aeto i ʻike ʻia
Kiʻi: Manu ʻeto ʻaeto ʻike ʻia
Hiki ke ʻimi ʻia nā ʻōpio a me nā hua o nā ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia e ka mink ʻAmelika a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻokokoke ʻia nā chicks e nā mea ʻoka ʻē aʻe a i ʻole pueo. Inā ʻole, ʻo nā ʻaeto kuhikihi nui nā mea hōkai nui, a ʻaʻole hāʻule ka poʻe mākua i nā mea ʻai nui ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻaeto kūlohelohe nā ʻaeto liʻiliʻi a hōʻike ʻole i nā adaptation maopopo kūʻē iā lākou. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui iā lākou ka poʻe. Hoʻoweliweli lākou i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻaeto ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā kemika e like me azodrine, kahi insecticide organophosphate i hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā Predators, me nā aeto ʻike liʻiliʻi, make pinepine i ka papaʻai o kēia mau holoholona ʻona. ʻO kekahi mana o kekahi kanaka i kēia ʻano ka hopu holoholona.
ʻO kekahi kumu o ka make i nā aeto ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia ʻo fratricide. Inā he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau hua i loko o ka pūnana, ʻo ka maʻa mau ke keiki e hatch i mua e pepehi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma ke kīkē ʻana iā lākou mai ka pūnana, hoʻouka iā lākou, a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai ma mua o ka manawa o kā lākou kaikaina e ʻai ai. A ʻo kahi hopena, hānai maikaʻi nā aeto ʻike i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau keiki.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻai ʻia paha nā hua manu ʻaeto liʻiliʻi e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, i nā nāhesa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike akāka ʻia kēia. ʻAi ʻia nā hua o nā ʻaeto ʻike kiko e ka mink ʻAmelika. No laila, hiki i nā mink ke huli i nā hua o nā ʻaeto liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka laha ka nalowale ʻana o nā wahi noho (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kahe o nā ululāʻau a me nā kula a me ka nāhelehele e hoʻomau nei) a me ka hopu holoholona. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli hope loa i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana: pana ʻia he mau tausani manu i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Suria a me Lebanona. Hōʻike ʻia nā hana hoʻokele ululāʻau i kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā laha. He palupalu hoʻi ia i nā hopena o ka hoʻoulu mana ʻana o ka makani. ʻO ka ulia ma ka chernobyl mana mana nukelika paha i hopena maikaʻi ʻole i kēia laha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia
Ua helu ʻia ʻo The Great Spotted Eagle ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻane make a puni ka honua. Kuhi ʻia kona heluna nui o ka honua mai ka 1,000 a i ka 10,000 mau kānaka, akā aia kekahi mau manaʻo e manaʻo ʻole ʻia ke kiʻi kiʻekiʻe. Kuhi ʻo BirdLife International (2009) ʻo ka nui o nā manu makua mai 5,000 a 13,200. ʻO ka BirdLife International / European Council no ka Manu Helu Kanaka (2000) i koho ʻia i ka heluna nui o ʻEulopa ma 890-1100 pālua hānau a laila hoʻoponopono hou ʻia i nā hui hānau hānau 810-1100.
ʻO ka aeto liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻaeto nui loa ma ʻEulopa. Ma mua, ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia ʻano e like me ia i kēia lā, a ua emi hou kāna mau helu i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 20 ma muli o ke "kaua hawk". Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻi hou ka heluna kanaka. ʻIke ka 1960 a me ka 1970 i kahi loli i ka niche ecological: hoʻomaka ka ʻaeto i ka pūnana kokoke i ka ʻāina moʻomeheu. Ma hope, i nā makahiki 1980, ua piʻi wikiwiki ka helu o nā aeto ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia. I kēia manawa nā wahi nui loa o ka aeto ʻike liʻiliʻi ma Belarus, Latvia a me Polani.
He laulā nui loa ko ka Lesser Spaced Eagle a no laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokokoke i nā paepae no ka poʻe hiki ʻole i ka nui o ka pae palena (ka hanana hanana <20,000 km² i hui pū ʻia me ka hōʻemi ʻana a i ʻole ka fluctuating laulā ʻana, ka nui o ka nohona / ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, a me kekahi mau pūnaewele a i ʻole. ʻāpana nui). ʻO ka heluna kanaka o nā aeto i ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 40,000-60,000 kanaka. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke ʻano heluna o nā aeto ʻike liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ia e manaʻo ʻia e emi wikiwiki ana e hoʻokokoke i nā paepae helu kanaka (> 30% hāʻule ma mua o ʻumi mau makahiki a ʻekolu paha hanauna).
Hiki ke piʻi ka nui o ka heluna kanaka mai ka liʻiliʻi a ka nui, akā ʻaʻole ia e pili kokoke i nā paepae no nā pae hoʻohālikelike nui o ka nui o ka lehulehu (<10,000 mau makahiki me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i manaʻo ʻia e 10% ma mua o nā makahiki he ʻumi a ʻekolu paha.) No kēia mau kumu, ua helu ʻia ka laha ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻaneʻane make.
Kahu kiaʻi ʻEeto
Kiʻi: ʻIeto ʻike ʻia mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahele o ka Greater Spotted Eagle ma mua o ka Lesser Spotted Eagle, heʻuʻuku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua a hāʻule i nā ʻaoʻao komohana o kāna pae. ʻO nā kumu o kēia ʻano he loli i ka wahi noho e ulu ʻia e ka nahele a me nā ʻāina wai, ke kanu ʻana i nā wahi i mahi ʻia i mua, ka pūnana pīhoihoi, ke kī ʻana, ke kolohe pono ʻole a me nā lāʻau make ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka zinc phosphide.
ʻAʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka hybridization me nā aeto ʻike kiko liʻiliʻi, akā neʻe ka hikina o ka laha hope i ka hikina ma ka lilo o ka ʻaeto i ʻike nui ʻia. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi papa hana no kēia ʻano no ʻEulopa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka Eagle Spotted Eagle ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me he mea nāwaliwali. Akā maʻamau mau ia ma ka Western Siberian Lowland mai nā Ural a hiki i ka Middle Ob a ʻoi aku i ka hikina Siberia, a he mea hiki paha i ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna poʻe ma 10,000, ʻo ia ka paepae no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka papa inoa o nā mea nāwaliwali.
Ua lawe ʻia nā ana no ka pale ʻana i nā aeto i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ʻo Belarus hoʻi. Pale ʻia ka Greater Spaced Eagle e ke kānāwai Belarusian no ka mālama kūlohelohe, akā manaʻo ʻia kēia kānāwai he paʻakikī loa e hoʻokō. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke ʻōlelo nei nā kānāwai aupuni he mau pūnaewele wale nō ia i mālama i nā manu i nānā pono ʻia a lawa pono ka palapala ʻana ma mua o ka ʻae ʻia e nā kino āpau a me nā hui aupuni Belarusian hiki ke hoʻolilo ʻia mai nā "wahi hoʻomalu" i "nā wahi pale ʻia". " Hiki i kēia hana ke hana i ʻeiwa mau mahina e hoʻopau ai.
I Kelemania, hoʻāʻo ka papahana Deutche Wildtier Stiftung e hoʻonui i ka holomua o ka hānau ʻana ma ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻaeto hānau hānau ʻelua (ʻo ka mea maʻamau i pepehi ʻia e ka hānau mua) mai ka pūnana ma hope koke o ka hatch a hāpai ʻana iā ia me ka lima Ma hope o kekahi mau pule, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka manu i ka pūnana. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole huhū hou ka hānau mua, a hiki i nā ʻaeto ʻelua ke noho pū. I ka wā lōʻihi, mālama ka wahi kūpono kūpono i ke ola o ka ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia ma Kelemania.
ʻAeto moʻoʻike He ʻaeto e like me ka nui ma ka mau pūnana ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau, maʻamau i nā kula a kokoke i nā ʻāina pulu, e pili ana i nā nāhelehele pulu, nā peatlands a me nā mākāhā. I ka wā hānau, hele mai ia mai ʻEulopa Hema a Kina, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka heluna o ʻEulopa he kakaʻikahi loa (ʻoi aku ma mua o 1000 mau pālua), i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma Lūkia a me Belarus.
Lā o ka paʻi ʻia: 01/18/2020
Lā hou: 04.10.2019 ma 22:52
