Punawelewele phalanx He holoholona hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia. Kakaikahi ka poʻe o ka wao nahele i ke ʻano huikau me kā lākou ʻano a like me nā malihini. He kūlana maikaʻi ʻole ko kēia mau arachnids i hoʻonui ʻia e nā kaʻao, nā hoʻokalakupua a me nā kaʻao moʻomeheu. Akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he holoholona nani a pohihihi lākou, ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ka nohona mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. He mea hopohopo ʻole i ka helehelena a me ka hana, nā aniani phalanx, me ka pōmaikaʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui ʻole lākou i ka poʻe a me nā holoholona.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Punawelewele ʻo Phalanx
Loaʻa i ke kauoha nā mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua o 1000 i 153 genera. ʻOiai ʻo ko lākou mau inoa maʻamau, ʻaʻole lākou ʻo nā moʻo huakaʻi maoli (Scorpiones, a ʻaʻole ʻo nā nananana ʻoiaʻiʻo (Araneae). Hoʻomau ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ko lākou pili ʻana e nā poʻe loea. He mau ʻāpana a i ʻole nā moʻo huelo ʻino paha lākou? ʻOiai lākou e noho nei i kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻana, akā ʻo nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana ke alakaʻi i nā hoʻololi kūlana
ʻO kēia hui o arachnids he mau inoa like ʻole, phalanges, solpugs, bihorks, scorpion makani, spider sun, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mau inoa like ʻole ko kēia mau mea ʻano ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania a me ʻApelika, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou nā huaʻōlelo "spider" a i ʻole "scorpion." ʻOiai ma nā ʻano o ko lākou ʻano olaola, he mea kēia mau holoholona ma waena o nā moʻo huelo ʻawa a me nā nananana.
Video: Punawelewele phalanx
ʻO ke ʻano like wale nō a lākou e kaʻana like ai me ka nananana, ʻewalu ko lākou mau wāwae. ʻAʻohe o ka phalanges glands a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka, ʻoiai lākou he kipi loa, neʻe wikiwiki a hiki ke hōʻeha i ka nahu. ʻO ka inoa Lākina "solifugae" mai "fugere" (e holo; lele, holo aku) a "sol" (lā). ʻO ka fossil kahiko o ke kauoha ʻo Protosolpuga carbonaria, i ʻike ʻia ma USA ma 1913 i nā waihona o ka Late Carboniferous. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa nā laʻana ma Burmese, Dominican, Baltic amber a me Cretaceous mau papa ma Brazil.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "spider sun" i kēlā ʻano laha e hana i ke ao. I ka hoʻāʻo e hōʻalo i ka wela, hoʻolei lākou iā lākou iho mai ke aka a ke aka - pinepine kēia ke aka o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi manaʻo pīhoihoi ke hoʻomaʻau nei lākou i ke kanaka.
Me he mea lā manaʻo ka wahine phalanx i ka lauoho i mea kūpono no ka pūnana. Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike ua ʻoki lākou i ka lauoho i ke poʻo o ka poʻe ʻike ʻole. Eia naʻe, hōʻole nā ʻepekema i kēia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ka arachnid e ʻokiʻoki i ka lauoho, a hoʻomau ʻia kēia ʻōlelo i kahi kaʻao. ʻOiai ʻaʻole salpugs i fluoresce e like me ka ʻōlinolino, hana lākou i ka fluoresce ma lalo o kekahi kukui UV o ka nalu lōʻihi a me ka mana pololei.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka spider phalanx
Māhele ʻia ke kino o ka hodgepodge i ʻelua ʻāpana.
- prosoma (pūpū);
- opisthosoma (ʻōpū ʻōpū).
Aia ʻo Prosoma i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
- propeltidium (poʻo) loaʻa nā chelicerae, nā maka, nā pedipalps a me nā hui mua ʻelua o nā wāwae;
- Loaʻa i ka mesopeltidium kahi kolu o nā wāwae;
- Loaʻa ka metapelptidium i ka hā o nā wāwae.
Ma waho, ʻike ʻia ka spider phalanx he 10 mau wāwae, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā pālua mua i hoʻopili ʻia he pedipalps i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hana like ʻole e like me ka inu, hopu, ʻai, moe, a me ka piʻi. Hoʻohana mua wale ʻia nā paʻa hope ʻekolu o ka wāwae no ka holo ʻana. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻokana ma nā wēlau o nā wāwae. Hiki i kekahi punawelewele ke hoʻohana i kēia mau ʻāpana e piʻi i luna i luna.
ʻO ka wāwae mua he lahilahi a pōkole a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea tactile (tentacles). ʻAʻohe o nā phalanges i kahi kneecap (kahi ʻāpana o ka wāwae i loaʻa i nā nananana, nā moʻo huelo ʻawa, a me nā arachnids ʻē aʻe). ʻO ka pā hā o nā wāwae ka lōʻihi loa. ʻO ka hapanui o nā laha he 5 mau paʻa wāwae, ʻoiai he 2-3 mau pālua wale nō nā ʻōpio. Ua manaʻo ʻia he mau mea ʻike no ka ʻike ʻana i nā haʻalulu i ka lepo.
Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 10-70 mm, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae a i ka 160 mm. Nui ke poʻo, kākoʻo i ka nui, ikaika chelicerae (jaws). Hāpai ʻia ka propeltidium (carapace) i mea e lawa ai nā mākala hoʻonui ʻia e kaohi ai i ka chelicerae. Ma muli o kēia hanana hanohano i ka mahele ʻōlelo haole, ua kapa pinepine ʻia lākou he "spider camel". He manamana kuʻikuʻi paʻa ko ka chelicera a me kahi manamananui ventral hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia, i mākaukau pū ʻia me nā niho cheliceral e haki i ka mea pio. ʻO kēia mau niho kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻike.
ʻO kekahi ʻano laha nui nā maka waena. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā kinona a hoʻohana ʻia e alualu a nānā i nā ʻenemi. Kupaianaha kēia mau maka no kā lākou anatomy kūloko. Nui nā laha i nele i ka maka ʻaoʻao, a ma kahi e noho ai, he kumu wale nō ia. Palupalu a hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻōpū, e ʻae ai ka holoholona i ka nui o ka meaʻai. Uhi ʻia ke kino o nā ʻano he nui me nā hulu o nā lōʻihi like ʻole, a hiki i 50 mm, e like me ka huluhulu ʻōlinolino. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau bristles he mīkini tactile.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nananana phalanx?
Kiʻi: Spider phalanx ma Lūkia
Kuhi ʻia kēia mau arachnids he mau hōʻailona hopena o nā biome wao nahele a noho i nā wahi maloʻo loa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou wela. Ola nā kolo kolo Phalanx i nā wahi mamao kahi e noho wale ai kahi mau mea ola. ʻO ko lākou maʻalahi e pili ana i ko lākou wahi noho ka mea hoʻoikaika i hope o ko lākou ola no nā makahiki he mau miliona. ʻO ka mea kupanaha wale nō ʻaʻole lākou e noho ma ʻAukekulelia. ʻOiai he ʻāina wela loa kēia ʻāina nui, ʻaʻohe ʻano i loaʻa ma laila.
ʻO ka maʻalahi i kona wahi e ʻae ai i ka spider phalanx e noho i kekahi mau nāhelehele a me nā wahi nahele. Akā i loko o ia mau ʻāpana, e nānā lākou i nā wahi mehana e noho ai. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, loaʻa lākou ma ka Crimean Peninsula, ka ʻĀpana Volga Lalo (Volgograd, Astrakhan, Saratov mau ʻāina, Kalmykia), a ma Transcaucasia a me ka North Caucasus, ma Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (ʻĀpana Osh), Tajikistan, a pēlā aku. Ma ʻEulopa, loaʻa lākou i Sepania, Pokukala, Helene.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: aia he mau ʻohana 12, 140 mau hanauna a me 1,075 mau ʻano solpuga i ka honua. A ma ʻApelika hema, ʻeono mau ʻohana, 30 mau ʻohana a 241 mau ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. No laila, 22% o ka waiwai o ka honua o nā ʻano spider phalanx āpau i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻAinapuni ʻApelika. ʻO North Cape (81 mau ʻano) a me Namibia ka helu nui loa o nā laha. ʻAʻole kaohi ka muliwai Orange i kā lākou mahele.
Aia ma mua o 200 mau ʻano Solifugae i ka Honua Hou. ʻElua mau ʻohana (Eremobatidae lāua ʻo Ammotrechidae) i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema. Ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻekolu mau neʻe i kekahi manawa e neʻe i ka hema o Kanada. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka zenith o ka ʻokoʻa spider phalanx ka Middle East.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka spider phalanx. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka spider phalanx?
Kiʻi: phalanx punawelewele ʻino
ʻAʻole e nalo ka mea kolo i kahi meaʻai māmā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pololi ka arachnid. Hōʻiliʻili ka holoholona i ka momona o ke kino e ola i nā manawa ke loaʻa ka meaʻai. ʻAi nā kolo kolo Phalanx i nā kolo ola a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia ua make. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i nā moʻo, nā moʻo, nā koʻokoʻo, nā beetles, a me nā poʻe pae. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka mea a lākou e ʻai ai pinepine i ka wahi a me ka manawa o ka makahiki. ʻAʻohe o lākou pilikia i ka meaʻai i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kā lākou nui. Hele ʻo Salpugs i ka hopu holoholona i ka pō.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻāpana phalanx spider āpau he carnivorous a omnivorous paha. He poʻe hahai holoholona kolohe lākou a he poʻe ʻai ʻino hoʻi o nā mea āpau e neʻe. Loaʻa ka mea pio a hopu ʻia e nā wāwae pedipalp, a pepehi ʻia a ʻoki ʻia i mau ʻāpana e nā chelicers. A laila liquefied ka mea pio, a komo ka wai i ka waha. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka pinepine i nā kānaka, hiki i kā lākou chelicerae ke komo i loko o ka ʻili kanaka a hana i nā nahu ʻeha.
ʻO ka papaʻai spider phalanx o:
- nā kauā;
- Zhukov;
- punawelewele;
- moʻo huelo ʻawa;
- nā umauma terrestrial liʻiliʻi;
- nahesa;
- kiwi;
- nā pepelu like ʻole;
- nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi;
- manu make.
Hiki i nā spider Phalanx ke kiʻi i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe e like me ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa, nā pēpē, a me nā mea kolo. ʻO kekahi ʻano laha he predite predite wale nō. Noho kekahi poʻe i ka malu a hoʻohālua i kā lākou mea pio. Lawe kekahi i ka mea pio a ʻai ia ʻoiai e ola ana ia, me ka ikaika e wāwahi ana i ka ʻiʻo me ka neʻe ʻana o kā lākou mau ā ikaika. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka cannibalism ma ka spider phalanx, hoʻouka mau lākou i ko lākou mau hoahānau a me nā lanakila ikaika loa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele ʻo Phalanx ma Astrakhan
ʻO nā spider Phalanx ka hapanui o ka pō, akā aia kekahi o nā lā diurnal e ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ke kala me nā mālamalama a me nā ʻāpana pouli ma ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai he lahilahi nā ʻano nocturnal a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā lā. Ke nānā nei i ka phalanx, ʻike koke ʻia kā lākou wikiwiki wikiwiki. Ma muli o kāna, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa ʻo "scorpion-wind". Hele lākou i luna o nā ʻāina ʻino a palapū paha i ke one, a ʻo ia ke kumu e paʻa ai a lohi paha ka nui o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka Phalanx kekahi pūʻiwa maikaʻi maikaʻi.
Hoʻololi maikaʻi nā spider kāmelo i nā wahi maloʻo. Uhi ʻia me nā lauoho maikaʻi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai ka wela o ka wao akua. Hana ka sparse, nā bristles lōʻihi e like me nā mea e kōkua i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea pio ke hoʻopā ʻia. Mahalo i nā mea loaʻa kūikawā, ʻimi maoli lākou i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mea i lawe ʻia e ka holoholona a hiki ke ʻike i ka mea pio ma lalo o ka ʻāina i kahi hohonu pāpaʻu. He ʻano spider kēia paʻakikī e ʻike aku. ʻAʻole wale lākou i nā kāmahu maikaʻi, akā makemake pū lākou e hūnā. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma nā kihi ʻeleʻele a ma lalo o nā paila o nā papa a i ʻole nā pōhaku.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻO ka spider phalanx kekahi o nā wikiwiki loa. Hiki iā ia ke huakaʻi me ka wikiwiki o 16.5 km i kēlā me kēia hola. Akā, ʻo ka mea maʻamau, neʻe ʻoi aku ʻo ia i ka holo, inā ʻaʻole ia i kahi makaʻu, a ʻaʻole pono iā ia e haʻalele wikiwiki i ka wahi weliweli.
He paʻakikī ʻo Salpugi e kāpae ʻia ma muli o nā wahi hūnā he nui i loaʻa iā lākou i loko o ka hale. Ua hoʻokau ʻia kekahi mau ʻohana e ʻauheʻe i ko lākou mau home ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopau kūleʻa i kēia mau kolo kolo. Hiki i kekahi mau laha ke hana i kahi kani kani ke ʻike lākou aia aia i kahi makaʻu. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kēia e hiki ke hele i waho o kahi kūlana paʻakikī.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Punawelewele ʻo Phalanx ma Kazakhstan
Hāʻawi ʻia i kā lākou kūʻakeʻa ākea, kū ka nīnau i ka hana hou ʻana o nā spider phalanx me ka luku ʻole ʻana o kekahi i kekahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke kuhihewa ka "pae dash" i ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻai kanaka. Hiki i ka wahine ke pahu i ka mea noi a holo aku a i ʻole lawe i kahi kiʻi hoʻolohe. Lālau ke kāne iā ia ma waenakonu o ke kino a lomilomi iā ia me kona mau ā, a hahau hoʻi iā ia me nā pedipalps a me nā wāwae mua ʻelua.
Hiki iā ia ke hāpai iā ia a hāpai iā ia i kahi mamao pōkole, a i ʻole hoʻomau i ka pili aloha ʻana ma ka wahi mua o ka pili. ʻO ka mea hope loa, hūnā ʻo ia i kahi kulu o ka sperm mai kāna puka genital, kaomi iā ia i kona mau ā, a hoʻohana i kāna chelicerae e hoʻoikaika i ka sperm i loko o ka wahine. He ʻokoʻa nā hana maʻa ma waena o nā ʻohana a pili paha i ka hoʻolilo sperm pololei a i ʻole ʻole.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: ola wikiwiki nā spider Phalanx a make ʻōpio. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou ola i hoʻokahi makahiki.
A laila ʻeli ka wahine i kahi lua a waiho i nā hua manu, a waiho iā lākou i ka lua. Hiki i nā hailona ke 20 a i ka 264 mau hua. Kiaʻi kekahi mau ʻano iā lākou a hiki i ka pā. Hatch nā hua ma kahi o ʻumikūmākahi mau lā ma hope o ke kau ʻana. Hele nā keiki i loko o ʻewalu mau makahiki ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka makua. ʻO ke au hoʻololi ke kau ma waena o nā molts. E like me nā arthropods āpau, pono i nā spider phalanx e hoʻokahe i kēlā me kēia manawa i kā lākou exoskeleton i mea e ulu ai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka spider phalanx
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka spider phalanx
ʻOiai ʻo nā spider phalanx e ʻike nui ʻia nā predators voracious, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea hoʻohui nui i ka papaʻai o nā holoholona he nui i loaʻa i nā kaiaola maloʻo a me nā ʻaʻa maloʻo. ʻO nā manu, nā māmele liʻiliʻi, nā mea kolo a me nā arachnids i waena o nā holoholona i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ke ʻano he carnivores o solpugi. Ua ʻike ʻia nā phalanges e hānai ai kekahi i kekahi.
ʻO nā pueo ka manu maʻamau loa o ka hopu holoholona e ʻimi holoholona ana i nā ʻano phalanx nui. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia nā lōkō o ka Honua Hou a me nā Lark World Old a me nā wagtails e hopu i kēia mau arachnids. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua loaʻa nā koena o ka chelicera i nā ʻōpala bustard.
Pākuʻi ʻia kekahi mau mammal liʻiliʻi i nā phalanges i kā lākou papaʻai.
- ʻalopeke pepeiao pepeiao nui (O. megalotis);
- genet maʻamau (G. genetta);
- ʻAlopeka ʻApelika Hema (V. chama);
- Civet ʻApelika (C. civetta);
- ʻīlio laka ʻeleʻele (C. mesomelas).
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Phalanxes ka hā o ka mea pio maʻa mau loa no ka gecko onionio Texas (Coleonyx brevis), ma hope o nā anaina, cicadas a me nā nananana. Wahi a kekahi poʻe noiʻi e ʻai nā holoholona kolo ʻApelika iā lākou, akā ʻaʻole kēia i hōʻoia ʻia.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka helu ʻana i nā predator arthropod ma ka spider phalanx. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻelua mau hihia o arachnids (Araneae) ma Namibia. ʻAneʻane ʻo nā moʻolelo āpau o nā kaua ʻino ma waena o nā spider phalanx a me nā scorpions he fiction. Pili kēia mau leka i ka mana o ke kāne i ke kūʻē ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā kūlana kūikawā. I nā wahi kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole maopopo ke kēkelē o kā lākou huhū i kekahi i kekahi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Spider phalanx ma Crimea
ʻAʻole ʻae ka nohona wao nahele o ka spider phalanx iā mākou e hoʻokumu pono i ka prevalence o nā lehulehu o kāna ʻano. Ua lilo ʻo Solifugae i kumuhana o nā kaʻao he nui a me nā hoʻonui e pili ana i kā lākou nui, ka wikiwiki, ka lawena, ka makemake, a me ka lethality o ka nahu. ʻAʻohe o nā lālā o kēia pūʻali i ka lāʻau make a ulana ʻole i nā pūnaewele.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Manaʻo ʻia he ʻai ka spider phalanx i kaʻiʻo kanaka ola. Wahi a ka moʻolelo kaʻao i inject ka mea i kekahi lāʻau make anesthetic i loko o ka ʻili hāmama o ka mea i hiamoe ʻia, a laila ʻai hānai i kona ʻiʻo, a no laila ke ala aʻe nei ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia me kahi ʻehaʻeha.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hana kēia spider i kahi anesthetic, a e like me ka nui o nā mea ola me ke ʻano ola, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka i ka mea pio i ʻoi aku ma mua o lākou iho, koe wale nō i kahi pale a pale ʻana paha o nā keiki. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano helehelena a me ke ʻano o ke kani ʻana o ke kani ke hoʻoweliweli lākou, makaʻu ka poʻe he nui iā lākou. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui a lākou e hoʻokau ai i nā kānaka, ʻo ia kā lākou nahu i ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho.
Punawelewele phalanx alakaʻi i kahi nohona frenzied a no laila ʻaʻole e koi ʻia ma ke ʻano he holoholona. ʻO ke ala nomadic o ke ola i kekahi manawa lawe i ka punawelewele i ka phalanx i nā hale a me nā hale ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻohe kumu o ka pū waikaua, no laila hiki ke hoʻokomo i ka arachnid i loko o kahi pahu a lawe ʻia i waho. ʻAʻohe make i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia e ka nahu, akā mahalo i nā mākala ikaika o kā lākou chelicera, hiki iā lākou ke hana i kahi ʻeha kaulike kaulike e ulu ai ka maʻi. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano, Rhagodes nigrocinctus, he onaona, akā ʻaʻole pōʻino ka nahu ʻana i nā kānaka.
Ka lā paʻi: 12.12.2019
Lā hou: 09/13/2019 ma 14:16
