Nā iʻa gourami noho i kahi hanohano i ka papa inoa o nā punahele o nā aquarist - ʻike a me nā mea hoʻomaka. Makemake nā mea hoʻomaka i ka gourami no ko lākou ʻano unpretentious a me ka maluhia, a mahalo ka poʻe aquarist i ka waihoʻoluʻu nani a me ka nui e huki ai i ka manaʻo i nā poʻe wai.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Gourami
Unuhi maoli ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Java, "gourami" ʻo ia hoʻi "he iʻa e hōʻike ana i kona ihu mai ka papa wai." ʻAe, he ʻano ʻē ka inoa i ka nānā mua ʻana, akā ʻo ia ia, e like me ka mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokākala nei i ka hiʻona nui o kēia ʻano iʻa. Hōʻike maoli lākou i ko lākou ihu mai lalo o ka wai! Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kahi gourami i kahi kino hanu kūikawā - ka labyrinth lālā.
Video: ʻO Gourami
I ka manawa ma mua, ua manaʻo ka ʻepekema-ichthyologists i hiki i kēia ʻōhua ke mālama i ka wai e gourami a, mahalo i kēia, e ola i kahi lā maloʻo. A i ʻole uhi i ka mamao ma waena o nā kino wai maloʻo, e like me nā lele lele lepo. Akā e like me ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia ma hope, ʻae ka labyrinth i ka gourami e ale a hanu i ka ea lewa i hoʻonui ʻia me ka oxygen me ka hōʻeha ʻole i ke olakino. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka lana pinepine ʻana o lākou i ka wai o ka wai a lawe i kahi sip e hāʻawi ana i ke ola.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Inā paʻakikī ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻilikai, make paha ka gourami.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona lua o kēia ʻano iʻa ka pelvic fins, i hoʻololi ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka evolution. I kēia mau iʻa, ua lilo lākou i lahilahi lahilahi a pāʻani i ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻopā. Hāʻawi kēia mea i ka gourami e hoʻokele i loko o nā kino wai palolo i lilo i wahi maʻamau. Akā i ka hihia o ka noho ʻana i nā aquarium me ka wai maʻemaʻe maikaʻi, ʻaʻole kū ka gourami i ka manaʻo ʻana i nā mea āpau me kā lākou mau wili i hoʻololi ʻia.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he hui ka inoa "gourami" ponoʻī. He pololei ia e kapa ʻana i ka iʻa wale nō mai ka genus Trichogaster i kēlā ala, akā ʻo ka mea i ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaka nā ʻelele mai kekahi mau aquarist genera like e kāhea ʻia e ka analog gourami. No laila, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he 4 mau ʻano "gourami maoli": ʻeleʻele, momi, lunar a me nā kiko. A ʻo nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a pau i kapa hewa ʻia he gourami, akā ua pālahalaha nui ʻia, ʻo kēia ʻano ma loko o ka honi ʻana, ʻōhumu ʻana, ka papapa, ka meli a me ka kokoleka.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka gourami
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano gourami he iʻa kaulike, a hiki i ka nui o 10-12 cm i kahi aquarium, ʻaʻole hou. ʻOiai, i kekahi manawa aia kekahi mau mea nui aku - no ka laʻana, gourami moʻo (lōʻihi o ke kino 20-25 cm) a i ʻole gourami kalepa (ulu a hiki i 100 cm, akā ʻaʻole makemake nā aquarist i kēia "monster").
I ke ʻano, pālahalaha iki ke kino o ka iʻa mai nā ʻaoʻao a hoʻolōʻihi iki. Lawe ka pelvic fin mai waenakonu o ka ʻōpū a hele i loko o kahi hoʻonui i kahi kokoke i ka huelo. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, i ke kaʻina o ka evolution, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā peʻa pectoral e nā filament lahilahi lōʻihi e kūlike ana me ka lōʻihi o ke kino - ua hoʻemi ʻia kā lākou kumu hana e pāʻani ai i ke ʻano o ka lālā o ka pā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka inoa Lakina o ka genus Trichogaster i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā huaʻōlelo "trichos" - pae a me "gaster" - ʻōpū. Hāʻawi ka hoʻohālikelike hou i ka hoʻololi o ka huaʻōlelo "gaster" me "podus" - leg. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mākeke mākeke tactile, ʻoiai i ka hihia o ka nalo, hana hou i ka manawa.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka moekolohe e ka fin dorsal - i nā kāne ua lōʻihi elongated a kuhikuhi ʻia, a i ka "sex fairer" - i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ua hoʻopuni ʻia.
ʻAno ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke kino o ka gourami a hoʻoholo ʻia e ka laha. Ua hānai ʻia kahi nui o nā ʻano kala o gourami. Akā ʻoiai kēia ʻokoʻa āpau, hiki ke huli ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona - ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ke kala o nā kāne ma mua o ke kala o nā wahine. ʻO ka hōʻino ʻia o nā unahi iʻa gourami pinepine ka hōʻailona pathognomonic o nā maʻi weliweli.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa gourami. E nānā ma hea lākou e ʻike ai i ko lākou kūlohelohe.
Ma hea e noho ai ka gourami?
Kiʻi: Gourami ma Thailand
ʻO nā gourami āpau i nā wai tropika o Thailand, Vietnam a me Malaysia. Ma laila, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau iʻa ma nā wahi kūpono ʻole no kahi ola ʻoluʻolu. Ke ulu pono nei ʻo Gourami i loko o nā pahu wai ua, nā auwai lepo, nā ʻauwaha, a me nā pā laiki i hoʻopiha ʻia. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ua lilo ko lākou pūhaka pelvic i mau ʻano noʻonoʻo - ʻo kēia wale nō ke ala e hoʻokele ai i ka wai palolo a lepo.
Ma ke kumu o kēia mea, ʻo ka ʻepekema Palani ʻo Pierre Carbonier, ʻo ia ka mua o ka poʻe ʻEulopa i hoʻolohe i kēia iʻa, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia ka gourami kūpaʻa loa. Akā ʻaʻole ia i noʻonoʻo i kahi mea nui nui - nā pono o kēia iʻa no ka ea lewa hou. No laila, ʻo nā hoʻāʻo ʻana a pau e nā ʻepekema e lawe i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ka Old World i pau i ka pōʻino: ua make nā iʻa a pau ma ke ala.
ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ua kau ʻia nā "emigrants" i hopu ʻia i nā pahu i ninini ʻia i luna a hoʻopaʻa ʻia hermetically. No laila, aia kahi make nui o ka iʻa - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i kā lākou holo moana. Ma hope wale nō o ke kamaʻilio ʻana o nā ichthyologists ʻEulopa me nā kamaʻāina a aʻo i ke kumu o ka inoa o kēia iʻa, ua hoʻomaka nā pahu e hoʻopiha i 2/3 wale nō, i hiki ai ke lawe palekana i nā hiʻohiʻona mua i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa. I ka 1896.
E pili ana i ka mahele kūlohelohe o ka hāʻawi ʻana o gourami - i kēia manawa ua noho kēia mau iʻa Hikina Hema a kokoke i nā mokupuni āpau e pili ana i ka ʻāina nui. Ke kaena nei ka gourami ʻike ʻia i ka laulā ākea - noho ia i nā panalāʻau ākea mai India mai a i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Malay. Eia kekahi, he nui nā lau kala - kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahi. Ma kahi o. ʻO Sumatra a me Borneo nā gourami momi o nā wahi a puni. ʻO Thailand a me Kambila ka home o ka gourami o ka mahina.
Ma muli o kā lākou unpretentiousness, hoʻolauna maikaʻi ʻia ʻo gourami ma nā wahi a lākou i ʻike ʻole ai ma mua: ma kahi. ʻO Java, i nā loko a me nā kahawai o nā Anetile.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ke ʻano o gourami i loko o kēlā mau waihona i kahi e pono ʻole ai lākou, pili pū me nā aquarist e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā iʻa iʻa i ke ʻano.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka gourami?
Kiʻi: iʻa gourami
I ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe, hoʻopau ʻo gourami i nā ʻano invertebrates aquatic a me nā ʻumi a me nā malaria mosaria. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā iʻa a me nā mea kanu mea kanu - nā ʻāpana palupalu o nā mea kanu e noho ana i kahi kūpono i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi. No laila, picky kēia mau iʻa e pili ana i ka meaʻai, a e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i kahi noho.
Ke mālama nei i ka gourami i loko o ka aquarium, he mea nui ka mālama ʻana i nā papaʻai like ʻole a kaulike hoʻi. Me ka hānai ʻōnaehana me ka meaʻai maloʻo (ke daphnia like), pono e hāʻawi i kahi ʻae no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he liʻiliʻi ka waha o ka gourami. Wahi a, pono e hānai ka hānai iā ia "i ka nui".
Pono pono e hānai iā lākou i 3-4 mau manawa i ka lā, akā kaohi pono i ka nui o nā meaʻai i ninini ʻia - pono ʻoe e hāʻawi kikoʻī i ka iʻa i hiki ke ʻai i loko o kekahi mau minuke. Inā ʻole, e hoʻomaka ana ka decompose o ka daphnia uneaten, kahi e hoʻohaumia i ka aquarium a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka wai. E kanalua ke ola o nā gouramis, akā e hoʻopau ʻia nā mea hoʻonani.
ʻO kekahi mea nui e pili ana i ka meaʻai gourami ka hiki i kēia iʻa ke hoʻomanawanui i ka loli lōʻihi (a i 5-10 mau lā), a me ka ʻole o nā hopena olakino. 'Speakslelo hou kēia e pili ana i ka hoʻololi kupaianaha a me ke ola o gourami.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Momi Gourami
ʻO ke ahonui kupaianaha a me ke kū ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana hanu kūikawā hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā wai āpau a hoʻomanawanui i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka aeration artificial (ʻoiai ʻo nā iʻa ʻē aʻe o nā aquarist novice - nā barbs, swordtails a me zebrafish like ʻole, make koke i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kānana a aerator).
He mea kūpono ia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole o ka gourami me nā ʻoiaʻiʻo. No laila, hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke noho me ka ʻole o nā pilikia i ka nui o nā ʻōkuhi paʻakikī a me nā acidity.
I kēia hihia, ʻo nā mea kikoʻī kūpono loa no lākou:
- wai waikawa liʻiliʻi (me ka index acidity index = = 6.0-6.8);
- paakiki ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 10 ° dH;
- aia ka mahana o ka wai ma ka pae o 25-27 ° С, a i ka wā o ka huki ʻana, koi ʻia kahi mehana, a i 28-30 °.
Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano hoʻomalu o ke ana wela i kahi palena ʻoi aku ka nui, no ka mea, ʻae ʻoluʻolu ʻole ka iʻa tropika, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻeha. No laila, i nā aquarium me gourami, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka therstatat ma mua o ka kānana a me ka aerator. I ke kumu, kūlike nā mea āpau i nā ʻano nohona maoli.
ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻoi aku ka nui i koʻikoʻi no ka nohona kuʻuna. He mea nui loa e kau i nā limu ola i loko o ka aquarium gouram, e hoʻonoho ana iā lākou i nā hui i loaʻa kahi lumi no ka ʻauʻau ʻana. A eia nō naʻe - he mea nui e hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻana o nā limu wale nō, akā me nā mea kanu lana hoʻi (Riccia, Pistia).
ʻO ka mea nui o ia mau mea kanu e hoʻomālū i ka mālamalama mālamalama, kahi e hiki ai i nā kāne ke hana i nā pūnana no ka palai mai nā huʻa (gourami, e like me ke kāne ʻohana kūpono, mālama i kā lākou keiki). He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole pono nā mea kanu e uhi i ka wai ma kahi o 100% - e lana ana ʻo gourami mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa e ale i ka ea.
ʻO ke kiko nui ke mālama i ka gourami i kahi aquarium ke kū o nā uhi uhi. Me ke kōkua o kēia mea maʻalahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia 2. ʻO ka mea mua, e hāʻawi ʻoe i kahi mahana paʻa o ka papa ea me ka ʻilikai o ka wai - e ale ana i kēlā ʻano ea, ʻaʻole e hoʻopōʻino ka gourami i kā lākou labyrinth hanu kūikawā, ka mea maʻalahi i ka ʻokoʻa wela. ʻO ka lua, e pale ke kīʻaha i ka make ʻana o nā kānaka lele nui.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: He iʻa gourami
Loaʻa ke kino makua o ka iʻa gourami ma 8-12 mau mahina. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua moa he 4-5 mau manawa me nā wā manawa o 10-12 mau lā, a ma hope iho ua pau ka hana hānau. ʻO ka helu o nā hua manu ma kahi o 50-200 mau ʻāpana no ka ʻōpala. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ka moekolohe dimorphism ma aneane nā ʻelele āpau o ka genus Gourami. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻokoʻa i ka hanana a me ke ʻano o ka fin (i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna), i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, loaʻa i nā unahi o nā kāne i ke kala mālamalama.
ʻO ke kāne kāne wale nō i komo i ka hana ʻana o ka pūnana. ʻO ka mea no ka pūnana ka ea a me ka lawai - hoʻopili ka iʻa me nā ʻōhū lewa me ia. ʻO ka "ʻenehana" maʻalahi e ʻae iā ʻoe e hana i kahi pūnana ʻoluʻolu, ka nui o ia mea i 5 cm a hiki ke komo i nā keiki āpau. Ma ke ʻano he rula, noho ka gourami ma mua o hoʻokahi lā e hoʻonā ai i ka "pilikia hale". A laila kono ke "poʻo o ka ʻohana" i ka wahine e lū. Hoʻopaʻa ke kāne i nā hua me kona waha a waiho iā lākou i ka pūnana, kahi e ulu ai kā lākou ulu hou.
Mea hoihoi: Hānau mai kekahi mau ʻano gourami me ka pūnana ʻole. I kēia hihia, lana wale nā hua ma luna o ka wai. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea no mākou, akā ʻo ke kāne wale nō e mālama i ka caviar.
Puka mai ka ʻohana gourami mai nā hua manu ma kahi o hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha. Liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o nā iʻa i hānau hou ʻia, me kahi ʻeke yolk, kahi mea ʻai na lākou i nā lā 3-4 e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka "ipu" aʻe ma ka papa kuhikuhi gourami nā ciliates, zooplankton a me nā protozoa ʻē aʻe. Akā i nā ʻano hana, ke haʻalele ka hua i ka pūnana, pono e hemo koke ka gourami kāne mai ka aquarium: hiki i kahi makuakāne mālama nui ke hoʻopōʻino i nā pēpē, e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻihoʻi iā lākou i ka pūnana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lālā labyrinthine o gourami hānau hou 2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, no laila ma mua he mea maikaʻi loa ia i nā pēpē e loaʻa ka wai maʻemaʻe me ka aeration maikaʻi. He mea nui ia e hemo i nā hānai he nui loa mai ka aquarium i ka manawa kūpono. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, ulu koke ka fry, akā kaulike ʻole, a no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻonohonoho ʻōnaehana i ka iʻa i ka nui.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka gourami
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka gourami
I ke kūlohelohe, hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka iʻa gourami e nā iʻa predatory āpau, a me nā moa wai a me nā kuhukukū. ʻO nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe o ka gourami nā pahu o Sumatran a i ʻole nā swordtails. Hāʻawi kēia mau pranksters i nā hōʻeha he nui ma ka gourami aloha aloha, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea āpau e hāʻule i nā fin a me nā ʻumiʻumi maʻalahi.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i loko o ka aquarium, mālama ʻia nā pilina like like ma waena o nā iʻa e like me ka holoholona lōhiu. ʻO nā mea kaua, e hakakā ana kekahi me kekahi i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe, mai hele pū i loko o kahi aquarium, kahi āu e pono ʻole ai e hoʻopaʻa i kou lolo e pili ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka ʻāina noho.
Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole e waiho ʻia kahi gourami me nā cichlids nui ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika, a me nā iʻa gula. ʻO kēia iʻa ko lākou ʻenemi i hoʻohiki ʻia i ko lākou wahi maoli, no laila, i kahi paʻa, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ka gourami aloha aloha i kahi manawa kūpono.
A mai nā hihia hōʻeuʻeu mai ka ʻaoʻao o gourami aneane ʻole e hana. Hiki ke kumu ʻia kahi hanana like e kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka iʻa a i ʻole ka pale ʻana o kā lākou iʻa ponoʻī (pūnana i ka wā e hānau ana). A laila, inā kū nā hakakā, a laila ʻo nā ʻaoʻao i ka hakakā he ʻohana a i ʻole ʻano pili.
ʻO ke kū ʻana o kahi aquarium nui me nā wahi he nui o ka puʻuhonua hiki ke hoʻohui i ka gourami me kēlā mau iʻa e hiki ai ke kuhi hewa ʻole i ko lākou kūlohelohe (e like me nā neons, nā ʻōpio, rasbora).
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Golden Gourami
ʻO Gourami kahi ʻano iʻa he nui loa - hiki ke loaʻa nā lunamaka o kāna mau ʻano lehulehu i loko o nā wai e kahe ana o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai maʻemaʻe, a i loko o nā kino kūpikipiki, i ka nānā mua ʻana, he kanaka mamao loa mai ichthyology, me he mea kūpono ʻole ia no ke ola (a i ʻole ia mau wahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia he mau wai - nā māla laiki i hoʻopā ʻia, e laʻa me).
ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka genus gourami (e laʻa me ke kiko a me ka brown) hiki ke ʻoluʻolu iki i ka hoʻonui iki ʻana o ka paʻakai. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi kai kiʻekiʻe a ma nā kahawai o nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ke kai.
Hoʻonui ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana hanu kikoʻī i ka hiki ke adaptive o gourami - mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, haku lākou i nā wahi kahi liʻiliʻi loa ka oxygen i loko o ka wai. ʻAʻole lawa ka noʻonoʻo i loaʻa no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi i ka gourami i kahi ʻano paʻa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi wahi i ka lā. Ke hoʻololi nei ke hāʻawi nei ke kūlohelohe i kēia iʻa i kahi niche manuahi.
ʻO kekahi mea ʻokoʻa loa o gourami ka pale ʻana i nā kumu anthropogenic - noho lākou i nā kino wai kahi i hoʻolei ʻia ai nā ʻōpala hana a i ʻole nā pesticides mai nā mahi mahiʻai.
E pili ana i nā kūlana hana - ke koho ʻana i kahi aquarium, pono e noʻonoʻo kekahi, ʻo ka mea mua, ka nui o nā iʻa gourami makua. Inā kūpono kahi aquarium me ka nui o 20 liters a ʻoi aku paha no kahi dwarf a i ʻole ka meli gourami - no kahi mau kāne ʻelua, a laila pono i nā ʻano nui ke hāʻawi ma kahi o 80-100 liters. He mea kūpono e mālama i nā wahine 3-4 no kēlā me kēia kāne. E hoʻemi i ka huhū intraspecific. Pono ʻoe e kau i kahi lepo pouli ma lalo i mea e hoʻohālikelike ai ke kala o ka iʻa gourami.
ʻO Gourami - iʻa maluhia, hoʻololi pono i ka ʻano o ka nohona. ʻO ke kūlana wale nō ka pili o ka wai i ka ea, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke hanu piha a make. ʻAʻole nā koi kūikawā hou aʻe no kā lākou hānau hānau ʻana.
Ka lā paʻi: 03.12.2019
Lā hou: 07.09.2019 ma 19:34
