Lūlūwi Tundra

Lūlūwi Tundra - he predator o ka ʻohana kēne, no ka genus o nā ʻīlio hae, kekahi o kāna mau mea kōkua, e noho ana ma ka ʻākau o Lūkia. ʻO ka inoa Lākia ʻo Canis lupus albus a ua wehewehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1872 e Arthur Kerr. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ʻO Ognev i ka makahiki 1929 ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio hae turukhan (turuchanesicus); ʻO Dobovsky i 1922, ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio hae Kamchatka (kamtschaticus); ʻO Dubovsky i ka makahiki 1922 ma ke ʻano he wolf a Dubovsky i ka makahiki 1929

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: wolf Tundra

He nui nā mea kōkua o ka wōhiu (ʻike ʻia kekahi mau zoologists a hiki i ka 25), akā holoi ʻia nā ʻokoʻa kūwaho. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia nā Predators i ʻekolu mau hui nui: tundra kanaka, ululāʻau a me ka wao akua. He mau kūpuna like lākou āpau. Manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā predators tundra ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia. ʻO ka hulu fluffy e pale ai i nā ʻīlio hae e hana i kahi nui nui, no kēia mea e nānā nui ai nā holoholona.

Hoʻomaʻa kēia holoholona i nā ʻano pana ʻino. Aia he mau mea ʻokoʻa loa ma waena o nā poʻe noho o ka tundra o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, Siberia Komohana, Taimyr, Yakutia. Ua like lākou i ka helehelena a me ke ʻano o ka nohona i nā mea ʻino e noho ana ma Alaska a me ka tundra Kanada. ʻO ka pinepine, hiki ke loaʻa nā holoholona i nā kahamaha ākea o ka tundra hema a me ka ululāʻau-tundra. Ma loko o kēia mau wahi, kau ʻia ka ʻāina ma muli o ka loaʻa o nā kumuwaiwai - ungulate, ka hiki ke hopu iā lākou, ma ka hohonu a me ka maikaʻi o ka uhi hau.

Video: ʻO Tundra Wolf

ʻO nā ʻīlio wahine ʻo Tundra nā holoholona aloha, akā hiki i kekahi ke kamaʻilio i kahi hui ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi inā he pilina ikaika ma waena o nā lālā o ke kaiāulu a hana lākou i ka manawa like. ʻO ke kumu he wahine makuahine. ʻO ke kāne ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻike o ka ikaika, a hoʻoholo kāna hoa i ke ala o ka ʻeke. Ke hoʻopuehu ʻia, ʻike mau ka poʻe ʻōpio i kahi o ka wolf wahine ma ke kani a me nā māka. ʻO nā predators mākua o ka pae haʻahaʻa ke kumu o ka pūʻolo me ka paʻa o ka makuahine a kāohi i ka hana a nā lālā ʻē aʻe, kinai i ko lākou hakakā a mālama i ke ʻano.

ʻO nā kānaka oʻo moekolohe o ke kūlana haʻahaʻa, ma lalo o ka kaohi paʻa, haʻalele i ka pūʻolo, noho hoʻokahi a i ʻole hui i kahi hui. Loaʻa i kahi makahiki hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​mea hou paha kahi kūlana hoʻokoe. Ikaika lākou a me ka nīnau, ʻo lākou ka mea mua e aʻo a lawe i ka ʻohana i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mea ʻimi holoholona i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka wolf tundra

ʻO ka wolf tundra kahi predator nui nui ia, ʻo nā palena maʻamau no kahi kāne kāne ma ka moku ʻo Arkhangelsk:

• kino - 118-137 knm;
• huelo - 42-52 cm;
• iwi poʻo -25-27 cm;
• ke kaupaona - 40-43 kg.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wahine e nā mea hōʻike penei:

• kino - 112-136 cm;
• huelo - 41-49 cm;
• iwi poʻo - 23.5-25.6 cm;
• ke kaupaona - 36-37 kg.

Ma Taimyr, nui nā poʻe, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 123-146 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona 46-48 kg, aia nā ʻīlio hae a 52 kg. He lauoho mānoanoa a lōʻihi hoʻi ko ka holoholona. Palupalu a fluffy i ka hoʻopā.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho:

• nā alakaʻi - 15-16 cm;
• kiaʻi - 8-15 cm;
• lalo - 7 cm.

I ke kala, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā lālani tundra ma mua o ka nahele hoʻokahi, hina hina me ka hina-ʻulaʻula underfur ma luna a kēpau-hina hina ma lalo. Kūlike ka malu mai ka hina hina (ʻōpio) a i ka hina ʻulaʻula (ʻelemakule). ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke kala i nā poʻe kahiko. I ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, ʻeleʻele nā ​​holoholona i ka pōʻele, i ka wā puna e mae lākou a lilo i māmā. ʻAʻohe o nā holoholona keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻākau o ʻAkau ʻĀkau. I ke kala, nā holoholona mai ke Kola Peninsula a me ka ʻākau loa hikina o Siberia e like me ko lākou mau hoa ulu lāʻau.

Hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi nā wāwae me ka lauoho ikaika ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. Hoʻonui kēia i ka wahi kākoʻo, ʻo ka mea nui ke neʻe i ka hau. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā paws ikaika i kahi puʻupuʻu, ma nā pads e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka epithelium. Poepoe nā forelimbs, he oval nā mea hope. Ke holo nei, hele wāwae nā wāwae hope i ke ala o nā mea mua; ʻike ʻia ke kaulahao o nā ala i ka hau. Ke hohonu ka uhi, hele pololei ka ʻohana ma hope o ke ala i hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻomaopopo i ka nui o nā holoholona i hala.

Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻīlio hae tundra?

Kiʻi: ʻO wolf Tundra ma Lūkia

Ma ka Kola Peninsula, kākaʻikahi kēia ʻāpana wolf. I Karelia, makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi kahi e noho ai ka poʻe, ulu lāʻau lahilahi a ma kahakai o ke Kai Keʻokeʻo. I ka tundra a me ka ululāʻau-tundra o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, hana nā ʻīlio hae i nā neʻe kau. I ke kauwela, neʻe lākou i ka tundra, a i ka hoʻoilo i ka palena me ka ululāʻau-tundra.

Ma ka Penina Kanin, loaʻa nā predators tundra i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka heluna nui o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a me nā ʻīlio hae mai ka Timan tundra hoʻoilo i ka moku o Czech Bay. I ke kauwela, haʻalele lākou i kēia mau wahi a ʻike ʻia kā lākou mau lua ma nā kahawai ʻo Volonga, Travyanka, Shchuchaya, Indiga, Belaya, Svetlaya, Kamennaya Viska, Velti, Neruta, Sule.

ʻO nā kānaka e noho ana ma ka Timan a me Malozemel'naya tundra e neʻe i ka pali Timan a ʻaʻole hele mai ma kahakai. I ke kauwela, hana nā ʻīlio tundra i nā lua ma ke komohana o ka Bolshezemelskaya tundra, ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka Adzva, Bolshaya Rogovaya, Chernaya, Korotayka, Silovaya, nā kahawai ʻo Kara, ma ke kualono ʻo Pai-Khoi. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou i ka ululāʻau-tundra mai ka piʻo Pechora i ka papa kiʻekiʻe o ka Usa. Hele kekahi o lākou ma ʻō aku o nā mauna Ural.

I ka Urals a me ka Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, lehulehu kēia mau mea ʻino i ka tundra, akā hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā lua no ka hapa nui, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka tundra a me ka tundra-tundra. I ka tundra Arctic, kākaʻikahi ka ʻīlio hae, no ka mea pili ia i nā wahi kanaka a me nā holoholona o nā dia wahine kūloko. Nui nā ʻīlio hae ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka tundra o Western Siberia, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻākau hikina, kahi e noho ai nā ʻāhiu hihiu a me nā lānai. Hiki ke loaʻa nā Predators ma ka waha o Yenisei, ma ka ʻaoʻao Lalo o ka Olenek, Yana, Lena.

Ma ka moku ʻo Verkhoyansk, ʻo Kolyma a me Chukotka, he mea maʻamau nā predators hina. Loaʻa iā lākou ma nā mokupuni ʻo Lyakhovsky, akā i ke kauwela wale nō, a i ka hoʻoilo, e ukali ana i nā pūʻā dia, neʻe lākou i ka ʻāina nui. I ka wā hoʻoulu holoholona, ​​pale maikaʻi ʻia ka lua. ʻOkoʻa nā kahua hahai holoholona. I ka tundra, nui nā wahi hoʻomaha i ke awāwa i nā awāwa, ma nā mānoanoa o ka willow a me ka dwarf birch. Ma ka Yamal a me Bolshezemel'skaya tundra, hana pinepine nā mea ʻino i nā lua ma nā awāwa o ke kahawai a i ʻole nā ​​pali o nā kula maloʻo, ma nā pākū ma luna aʻe o ka kahawai, a ma nā kahawai wai i nā wilowai maloʻo. Noho lākou a nui loa ma kahakai.

I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka wolf tundra. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.

He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka ʻīlio hae tundra?

Kiʻi: wolf wahine tundra Eurasian

He mea ʻaihue a me ke kumu o ka meaʻai - nā mea hānai waena a me nā mea nui, nunui pinepine. Hoʻoholo kā lākou helu i ka helu o nā ʻīlio hae. I ke kauwela, loaʻa ka laulā o nā ʻano meaʻai - waena a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. I ke kau anuanu, he dia hihiu a hānai hānai ka tundra wolf nui, ka hapanui o nā keiki bipi a me nā koholā. Mai nā holoholona o ka nui waena - polar foxes, hares, foxes, a mai nā holoholona liʻiliʻi - nā rodents like ʻole, nā iʻa, mai nā manu - ptarmigan. Hiki i nā ʻīlio wahine ke hānai i ke kino make, nā ʻupena hao loot a me nā pahele o ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona.

I ke kauwela, noho nui nā manu i ka papaʻai: nā pūʻā o nā geese molting, nā moa, nā hua manu o nā manu neʻe ʻē aʻe. No ka mea ma kahi o Taimyr, kakaʻikahi ka reindeer hihiu ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka North North, he mea nui ka ʻāpala hale i ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻeha i ka wā hānau. Ma kahi o 36% o nā dia i luku ʻia e nā ʻīlio hilō i tundra i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i kahi ʻāpana o 5-7 mau wōlio tundra ke hoʻokuke a ʻai i ka dia e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 120 kg i ka manawa. ʻO nā pepeiaohao, iwi wale nō, kahi ʻili i koe ma kahi o ka ʻahaʻaina. Akā i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā ʻīlio hae, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻōpū ma mua o 2-3 kg, a i ka maximum o 6 kg.

Mālama koke ʻia ka meaʻai. Ua hopu ka ʻōpū o nā ʻīlio hae i kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka pāʻina ʻai nui hapa. ʻO ka makemake o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā e pili ana i ke kau a ʻo 4-6 kg. Hiki i nā Predators ke hoʻonani iā ​​lākou iho no ka hoʻohana i ka wā e hiki mai ana a hūnā i kā lākou mea pio ma kahi mālama. Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no ka wao lūlū tundra.

I ka hoʻoilo, i nā wahi i kahi holoholona i loko o nā hale kiaʻi, ʻai nā ʻīlio hae i nā mea āpau i hiki ke loaʻa, a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana i nā ilina bipi a me kā lākou hoa. ʻIke pinepine nā Hunters i ka ʻai ʻana o nā ʻīlio hae i nā mea ʻaihue i kī ʻia mai ka mokulele a i ʻole e hālāwai me nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona i haki ʻia e nā hoa ʻohana a i ʻole kahi ʻohana e ʻāʻū ana i nā koena o kahi ʻīlio hae.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: Tundra wolf i ke kūlohelohe

ʻO nā ʻīlio hae Tundra, ka mea ʻai i ka mea pio o nā hei holoholona a me nā pahele, ka make, ʻōpelu o ke kai, noho pālua a i ʻole hoʻokahi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kāne ʻelemakule hiki ʻole ke hānau.

Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​ʻāhi o nā ʻīlio hae a ʻenemi i nā kaikunāne mai nā hui ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole ala nā hakakā ma waena o lākou. Mālama ʻia ka panalāʻau me ka ʻole o ka launa ʻana me nā kānaka ʻē ma o ka tag ʻana me ka mimi, nā feces, nā huna o nā genital a me nā anal, "nā lua kupapaʻu" a me ka uē ʻana. ʻO nā Predators, alualu i ka mea pio a komo i ka ʻāina haole, haʻalele iā ia, nā māka hālāwai. Ma muli o kēia ʻano, mālama ʻia nā palena o ka ʻāpana pack no nā makahiki he nui. Inā hāʻule nui ka helu o kahi ʻohana, hiki i hoʻokahi pālua ke mālama i ka pūnaewele ma waena o nā palena i kau ʻia.

Aia nā ʻāpana kūlike ʻole 2-4 km ākea, e hana nei ma ke ʻano he buffer kahi e hiki ai i nā ungulate hihi ke ola i ka hoʻoilo. I ke ao, hele nā ​​ʻīlio hihiu i nā wahi pale, ʻoiai ke anuanu, makani a pulu. Ke maloʻo a mālie, hiki iā lākou ke noho ākea. I ke kauwela, ka hoʻoilo, ke kau, i ka wā o ka nohona nomadic o ke ola, hiamoe nā mea ʻino ma kahi a lākou e hele ai. ʻAʻole paʻa paʻa ka hana ikaika i ka loli o ke ao a me ka pō, ʻoiai ma ka tundra ʻaʻohe ʻike maopopo ma waena o ka manawa o ke ao. I ke kauwela, noho kokoke nā holoholona i ka lua.

Holo ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio hilō i ka hapa nui o ka makahiki me ka ʻole o nā kahua hopu holoholona mau. ʻElua mau manawa o ka makahiki e neʻe ai lākou i ka meridian, ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻā reindeer. Hahai lākou i ka reindeer i ka hema a hiki i ka palena o nā ululāʻau, akā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hele hohonu i kēia wahi, ʻoiai kahi o ka hapa nui o nā kau hoʻoilo.

Noho nā Predators i ka ululāʻau-tundra, i loko o nā momi moss, kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka hau a me ka momona. Maʻaneʻi lākou e hānai ai i ka ptarmigan, ka hare, ka hoʻoilo o elk i nā kahawai. Pili pū lākou i nā awāwa kahawai kokoke i nā wahi noho. I ka Nenets nat. Ma ka Okrug, me ka hoʻohui i nā neʻe kau o ka wā, aia kekahi neʻe ʻana o nā ʻohana hipa mai Bolshezemelskaya a Malozemelskaya tundra, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā hoʻololi i hoʻohuli ʻia. Ma ka ʻĀkau ʻEulopa, ʻo ka neʻe manawa o nā ʻīlio hulu tundra he 200-300 km.

I ka hoʻoilo, noho mau kekahi mau mea hōkai ma tundra; neʻe lākou i kahakai, kahi e noho ai ma kahi kokoke o nā pūʻā reindeer no nā poʻe ʻalualu alopeke a i ʻole nā ​​wahi lawaiʻa, kahi e hānai ai lākou i nā ʻōpala mai nā pāʻani a me nā iʻa. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Yakutia, ukali nā ʻīlio hae tundra i ka dia ma kahi maʻamau i nā mokupuni ʻo Novosibirsk a hoʻi i hope.

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: wolf Tundra

He monogamous nā holoholona a noho pono a hiki i ka hopena o ko lākou ola. Hana ʻia ka make ʻana o nā ʻīlio hihiu ma 2-3 g. Hoʻomaka ka Techka i nā bitches i ka hopena o Pepeluali-Malaki. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka rut, hū nā holoholona, ​​ma mua nā mea paʻakikī, a laila nā peyarkas, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea i hōʻea. Lilo nā kāne makua i ka wahine wahine, a hoʻokuke i ka poʻe ʻōpio, a hele mua i ka hau. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka lua ma nā pali hema, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka hau, ʻoi aku ka mehana o ka lā iā lākou.

Hoʻonohonoho nā predators Tundra i nā hale pale:

• i nā lua lepo e ʻeli kūʻokoʻa ai lākou a hoʻohana i nā lua o nā ʻalopeke polar a me nā ʻalopeke. Hoʻomaka ka lua me kahi auwaha komo hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, a ukali ʻia e kahi ala lalo 0,5-0.6 knm ākea, 2-10 m ka lōʻihi. Pau ke kūkulu ʻana me kahi keena hoʻoluʻu 150x100x70 cm. Aia ia ma kahi hohonu o 1.5-3 m. ʻAʻohe mea moe moe i loko o ke keʻena;
• i nā wahi pōhaku he ʻano like ko ka lair, akā ua pōkole lākou;
• i nā hale kūlohelohe: nā kahawai a me nā ana pōhaku, ma nā kapa muliwai kūpikipiki me nā awning;
• i ka tundra Kaninskaya, noho nā mea ʻino ma nā puʻu i ke kauwela. Ma ka ʻāina ma waena o nā kahawai ʻo Lena a me Khatanga, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā lua i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika, a ʻo ka hohonu o lākou i lalo o ka mika. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Anadyr, hānau nā ʻīlio hihiu i keiki ma nā lua lepo.

Hāpai ka hāpai keiki i nā lā 62-75. I ka Nenets Okrug, ma ka awelika, he 6.5 embryos o ka wahine, i kahi puaʻa mai 1 a i 9 mau pēpē. I ka Yamalo-Nenets Okrug, ma ka awelika - 3-4, kākaʻikahi ka ʻōpala i 5 mau ʻīlio pēpē. Hele mai ka wahine wahine i ka lua kahiko, keʻimi nei ka primiparous i kahi hou ʻaʻole mamao mai kahi a lākou i hānau ʻia ai.

Hōʻike nā ʻōpala i ke kau mahana ke hoʻonui ka meaʻai. ʻIke makapō lākou, ua paʻa nā pepeiao pepeiao pepeiao. Kaona 400 g. ʻIke maopopo lākou ma 10-12 mau lā, ma ka 2-4 mau pule he mau niho ʻeha lākou, i ʻekolu mau pule e hoʻomaka lākou e kolo mai ka lua. I ka manawa mua, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka makuahine i ka lua, lawe mai ka makuakāne i ka mea pio a regurgitates paha i ka ʻai hapa hapa. Hoʻomaka nā pēpē mai ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina e lawe i kēia meaʻai, ʻoiai lākou e hānai i ka waiū a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa o ka makahiki.

ʻAi wale ka makuahine i kēia manawa i nā koena. I hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa, holo aku nā pēpē a hūnā mai ka makaʻu, i ʻekolu pule e haʻalele ai nā mākua iā lākou, e hele ana i ka hopu holoholona. ʻAʻole pale nā ​​Predators i kā lākou keiki a, i ka wā i hoʻouka ʻia, holo lākou. Akā, ma hope o ka manaʻo makuahine, hiki i ka wahine wahine wahine ke loaʻa nā keiki i lawe ʻia mai ka lua a me ke kiaʻi mai kahi kokoke i kahi o lākou.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻīlio hae tundra

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka wolf tundra

ʻO 20% wale nō o nā keiki hihiu hae ke ola i ke oʻo makua. ʻO ke ola o kahi wolf tundra ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki. ʻAʻohe ʻenemi o kēia mau mea ʻaihue nui, koe wale nō ke kūlohelohe, ka mea e hoʻokau nei i kēia mau holoholona i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā ʻano pae o ka Hikina Loa. ʻO nā hoʻoilo anuanu, ka nele o ka hānai e hoʻopili i ka lehulehu a me ka make.

Hiki i nā Predators ke hana me nā ʻīlio hae nā hoa ona. ʻO ka poʻe ʻelemākule, nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali e wāwahi koke ʻia e kahi ʻohana, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, kōkua i ka poʻe i ʻoi aku ka ikaika e ola, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana maikaʻi loa o nā ʻīlio tundra e noho mau nei.

ʻOiaʻiʻo: He mau hihia i ka wā a kahi ʻīlio hae, i ʻino ʻia me ka maunu strychnine a ʻolokaʻa ʻia i loko o ka haunaele, ua wāwahi ʻia a ʻai ʻia e ka ʻeke.

Hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia mau mea ʻaihue e nā tick. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā Predators e nā scabies ma mua o nā ʻalopeke. ʻEha pū nā wolowā i nā kika, nā ʻūlapa, nā nematode, a ʻo kekahi o lākou ua maʻi ʻia i ka iʻa. Ma waena o nā maʻi o ka predator hina, weliweli loa ka rabies. I ka hihia o ka maʻi, lilo ka holoholona i kāna kūlohelohe maoli, hoʻouka i ka poʻe. ʻO nā Wolves ma ke ʻano nā waihona nui o ka maʻi rabies.

Kūpaʻa nā holoholona i ka maʻi, kāohi ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi e kahi nohona kaʻawale. He subspecies ea ecologically kēia, e hoʻololi ana i nā kūlana ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi, koe wale no nā kānaka. Hoʻopilikia nā Wolves i ka mahi ʻai a me ka ʻimi holoholona, ​​a ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona i nā wahi āpau i ka Arctic. Lawe pinepine ʻia ka alualu ʻana a me ke kī ʻana o nā predator tundra mai nā mokulele a me nā helikopter.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: Wolowā tundra Predatory

He psyche ulu kiʻekiʻe ka tundra wolf, e ʻae iā ia e loaʻa kahi ola ola maikaʻi, ʻoiai ka hakakā mau ma waena o nā kānaka a me ka lehulehu o ka predator. Noho kēia mea ola ma loko o ka tundra. ʻAʻole wale ia ma nā Mokupuni ʻo Solovetsky, ʻo Franz Josef Land, ʻo Severnaya Zemlya.

He paʻakikī e hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā predators a ʻoi paha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hewa ka hana helu. Hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ka helu ma ka moku ʻo Yenisei mai ka ʻikepili o 96, i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā moʻolelo 215 o nā ʻohana wolf tundra. He 5-9 ko kēlā me kēia ʻohana. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka heluna o nā ʻīlio hae, no ka laʻana, ma ka tundan Timan, ma ka awelika, aia hoʻokahi kanaka no 1000 km ², a i ka hāʻule aia ma kahi o 3 mau mea ʻai no 1000 km ².

ʻO ka make ʻana o nā makuahine ma ka hakakā ʻana no ka meaʻai he mea nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO ka mea mua, nā holoholona nāwaliwali a maʻi hoʻi kēia. ʻO kā Reindeer kahu hānai i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nalo i kahi ʻāpana nui o kāna holoholona mai nā ʻīlio hae. ʻO kahi laʻana, i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 1944, ma ka National Yamalo-Nenets. ua luku ʻia ka ʻāpana e nā mea hōkai o 75 tausani dia. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka helu o nā ʻīlio hae, hoʻohana ʻia ka mokulele. I kekahi mau makahiki, ua luku ʻia he 95% o nā holoholona me kāna kōkua, i ka manawa mai 55 a i ka 73 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua luku ʻia he 59% o nā ʻīlio hae.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka wolf tundra he polokalamu kelepona loa ia, hiki iā ia ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao. Hahai ʻia mai kahi mokulele, ua uhi ʻia kahi pūʻulu ʻīlio hae ma mua o 150 km i 20 mau hola. Ua uhi ʻia he mau ʻīlio hae ʻelua i kahi mamao o 70 km i ka pō.

Kuhi ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana o nā ʻīlio hihiu ma ke ʻano liʻiliʻi loa. Lawe ʻia ka luku ʻia o ka ʻīlio hilō i nā ʻano ʻelua: nā mokulele, me kahi kaʻa hau, ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pua, alualu i nā leʻaleʻa a me nā dia, a me nā passive: nā hei, nā maunu me ka lāʻau make. Lūlūwi Tundra - he holoholona nani, me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano kūlohelohe wale nō i loko ona a pono e mālama ʻia. ʻAʻole pono ka ʻilihune o nā holoholona o Lūkia a me ka honua e hoʻokahi mau lāhui hou aʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia.

Lā paʻi: 11/14/2019

Lā hou: 04.09.2019 ma 23:07