Moku holo moku - ka iʻa wikiwiki loa i ka honua, hiki i ka wikiwiki o 100 km / h. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka moʻolelo ma 109 km / h. Ua loaʻa ka iʻa i kona inoa "moku" ma muli o ka fin dorsal nunui e like me he peʻa. Manaʻo ʻia kēia iʻa he iʻa haʻuki waiwai nui, a hoʻohana mau ʻia kā lākou ʻiʻo e hana i ka sashimi a me ka sushi ma Iapana. ʻOiai he mau ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o kēlā me kēia kanaka, hiki i nā moku peʻa ke "hoʻokalakupua" i nā kala o ko lākou kino ma o ka hana o kā lākou chromatophores a hoʻohana i nā ʻike ʻike ʻē aʻe (e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka fin fin) i ka wā hānau.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: moku peʻa
ʻO ka moku peʻa (Istiophorus platypterus) kahi moana nui ākea ākea e ulu ana i nā wahi tropical a subtropical o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ma mua, ua wehewehe ʻia ʻelua mau ʻano o ka mokuahi, akā like nā ʻano ʻelua i ka ʻepekema ʻike nui wale ʻia ʻo Istiophorus platypterus, a ʻo nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma mua ʻo Istiophorus albicans i manaʻo ʻia he derivative o ka mea ma mua. Eia kekahi, i ka pae genetiko, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa i loaʻa ma waena o DNA e hoʻāpono i ka mahele i ʻelua ʻano.
Video: Sailboat
No ka ʻohana Istiophoridae ka mokuahi, a ʻo ia hoʻi nā marlins a me nā kānaka ihe. ʻOkoʻa lākou i ka iʻa pahi kaua, kahi pahi kaua i pālahalaha ʻia me nā kihi ʻoiʻoi a me nā ʻole pelvic. Ma Rūsia, kākaʻikahi ia, kokoke ma ka hema o Kurile a ma ke kaʻe o Peter the Great. I kekahi manawa komo i loko o ke Kai Kaiwaena ma o ke kahawai ʻo Suez, hoʻouna ʻia ka iʻa ma o ka Bosphorus i ke Kai ʻEleʻele.
Kuhi nā meaola kai kai ʻo ka "pea" (ke kau o nā lūlū dorsal) he ʻāpana ia o ka hōʻoluʻolu a hoʻomehana hoʻomehana paha o nā iʻa. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka pūnaewele o kahi nui o nā moku koko i loaʻa i ka pea, a ma muli hoʻi o ke ʻano o ka iʻa, i "hoʻonohonoho i nā peʻa" i loko a kokoke paha o ka wai ma hope a i ʻole ma mua o ka ʻauʻau wikiwiki.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka moku peʻa
Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka moku peʻa i ka lōʻihi o 340 cm a kau ʻia a 100 kg. Lōʻihi ko lākou kino fusiform, kaomi ʻia, a kahaha kahaha ʻia. ʻO nā kānaka polū ʻeleʻele ma luna, me ka hui ʻana o brown, polū māmā ma nā ʻaoʻao a keʻokeʻo silvery ma ka ʻaoʻao ventral. Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia kēia ʻano mai nā iʻa kai ʻē aʻe e nā kaha 20 o nā kiko polū mālamalama ma ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao. Hāpai ka poʻo i kahi waha elongated a me nā ā ā i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā niho serrated.
ʻO ka fin dorsal mua nui e like me ka peʻa, me 42 a 49 mau kukuna, me kahi fin dorsal lua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, me 6-7 kukuna. ʻO nā peʻa pectoral he ʻoʻoleʻa, lōʻihi a kūlike ʻole i ke ʻano me 18 mau kukuna. ʻO nā pelvic fins a hiki i ka 10 cm ka lōʻihi.ʻĀmi ka nui o nā unahi me ka makahiki. Piʻi koke ka moku peʻa, a hiki i 1.2-1.5 m ka lōʻihi i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ua manaʻo ʻia ka Sailfish e hoʻokō i ka wikiwiki o ka ʻau ʻana o 35 m / s (130 km / h), akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i 2015 a me 2016 ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā iʻa holo ma waena o 10-15 m / s.
I ka wā o ka pilina o ka predator-biktima, ua hōʻea i ka holo wikiwiki o 7 m / s (25 km / h) a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 m / s (36 km / h). Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole hiki i nā moku kū moku i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 m ka lōʻihi a kau kaupaona ma mua o 90 kg. ʻO ka waha elongated like me ka pahi kaua, ʻaʻole like me ka iʻa pahi kaua, he pōʻai i ka paukū ʻāpana. ʻAʻohe o nā kukuna lālā. Hoʻohana ka moku peʻa i kona waha ikaika e hopu iʻa, e hana ana i nā kuʻikuʻi ākea a i ʻole e kuʻi māmā a hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻi i kekahi iʻa.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka wikiwiki e ulu nei ka moku peʻa. E nānā ma kahi e loaʻa ai kēia iʻa kupaianaha.
Ma hea e noho ai ka moku peʻa?
Kiʻi: moku peʻa ma ke kai
Loaʻa ka moku peʻa ma nā kai mehana a me nā kai wela. Loaʻa i kēia mau iʻa kahi puʻuwai tropika a he lehulehu loa kokoke i nā kaona equatorial o ʻAkelanika, Pākīpika a me nā Moana ʻInikia mai 45 ° a 50 ° N. ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika ʻĀkau a mai 35 ° a 40 ° N. ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika ʻĀkau.
Ma ke komohana a me ka hikina o ka Moana ʻInikia, e holo ana nā moku holomoana ma ka ʻāina Indo-Pacific ma waena o 45 ° a me 35 ° S. pakahi. ʻIke ʻia kēia laha ma nā kahakai o kēia latitude, akā hiki ke loaʻa ma nā kikowaena o nā moana.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: Noho nō nā moku peʻa i ke Kaiʻula a neʻe ma waena o ke kahawai ʻo Suez i ke Kaiwaenahonua. ʻO nā lāhui ʻAkelanika a me ka Pākīpika e hoʻopili wale aku ma ke kapakai o ʻApelika Hema, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke huikau.
ʻO ka moku kūkaʻi kahi iʻa kai epipelagic e lilo ana i ka hapa nui o kona ola makua mai ka papa honua a kahi hohonu o 200 mika. ʻOiai hoʻolilo lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa kokoke i ka papakū, luʻu lākou i kekahi manawa i loko o nā wai hohonu kahi e hiki ai ka mahana ma lalo o 8 ° C, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka mahana o ka wai i makemake ʻia e ka iʻa maʻamau mai 25 ° a 30 ° C. Hele ka moku peʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā latitude kiʻekiʻe, a i ka hāʻule ʻana i ka equator. Noho mau ka poʻe kahiko ma nā wahi hikina o ka Moana ʻAkelanika a me ka Moana Pākīpika.
He aha ka ʻai o kahi moku peʻa?
Kiʻi: Iʻa moku peʻa
Hoʻolālā ka moku peʻa i ka wikiwiki nui, pelu ʻia kāna ʻāpana i ka hapalua o ka alualu ʻana i ka mea pio. Ke hoʻouka kekahi mau moku peʻa i ke kula iʻa, pelu loa lākou i kā lākou moʻo, a hiki i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouka kaua he 110 km / h. Ke hoʻokokoke loa lākou i kā lākou mea pio, huli koke lākou i kā lākou ihu nui a pā i ka mea pio, kupaianaha a pepehi paha iā ia. Huli hoʻokahi ka moku peʻa a i ʻole i nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻano iʻa kikoʻī e ʻai ʻia e kahi moku peʻa e pili ana i ka māhele mokulele a me ka manawa o kā lākou poʻe pio. ʻO ke koena o nā cephalopods a me nā iʻa iʻa i loaʻa i loko o ko lākou ʻōpū e hōʻike i ka asimilation wikiwiki o nā mākala palupalu.
ʻO nā huahana mokuahi maʻamau:
- ʻakaʻakai;
- sardine;
- iʻa pelagic liʻiliʻi;
- heleuma;
- heʻe;
- moa moa;
- crustaceans;
- ʻakaʻakai;
- iʻa semi-iʻa;
- kahawai kai;
- iʻa saber;
- kanaka nunui caranx;
- cephalopods.
Hōʻike nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka wai i ka holo wikiwiki o nā moku peʻa i nā kula iʻa, a laila haki me ke kūlou ʻoi loa a pepehi i ka iʻa i loko me ka hahau koke o ka pahi kaua, a laila ale. Hōʻike pinepine kekahi mau kānaka i ka hana kime a hana pū i ka huli. Hoʻokumu pū lākou i nā kaiāulu e ʻimi ana i nā kaiāulu me nā mea ʻai kai ʻē aʻe e like me nā dolphins, shark, tuna a me mackerel.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka ʻai liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa fanfish e hānai nui ana i nā copepods, akā i ka nui ʻana o ka nui, ua hoʻololi koke ka papaʻai i nā larvae a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi loa he mau milimita wale nō ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka poino ma muli o ka holo ʻana o ka iʻa e hoʻolohi i ko lākou holo ʻauʻau ʻana, me nā iʻa ʻeha ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma hope o ke kula ma mua o nā iʻa maikaʻi ʻole. Ke hoʻokokoke kahi moku peʻa i kahi kula sardine, huli pinepine ka sardine a lana i ke ala ʻē aʻe. A ʻo kahi hopena, hoʻouka ka iʻa holo i ke kula sardine mai hope, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ka poʻe ma hope.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: moku peʻa iʻa wikiwiki
Ke hoʻolilo nei i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka 10 m luna o ke kolamu wai, ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa nā luina e luʻu a hohonu ka 350 m i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO lākou ka poʻe ʻai a loaʻa ka manawa kūpono Ma ke ʻano he holoholona neʻe, makemake nā iʻa e hāhai i nā kai o ke kai me ka wai kai o luna, nona ka mahana ma luna o 28 ° C.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: ʻO nā moku peʻa mai ka moku Indo-Pacific, i kau ʻia me nā tag archive pop-up satellite, ua ʻimi ʻia e holo ana ma kahi o 3,600 km e hānai ai a ʻimi ai paha i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻau nā kānaka i nā kula mānoanoa, kūkulu ʻia i ka nui i ka wā ʻōpio, a hoʻokumu i nā hui liʻiliʻi i ka wā mākua. I kekahi manawa holo moana wale nō nā moku peʻa. Hōʻike kēia i nā lawaiʻa Indo-Pacific e hānai i nā hui e like me ko lākou nui.
ʻAʻau ka iʻa holoʻokoʻa no ka hele wāwae lōʻihi a noho pinepine kokoke i ke kapakai a i ʻole nā mokupuni. Alualu lākou i nā hui a hiki i 70 mau holoholona. ʻO nā hopena ʻelima wale nō ka hopena o ka mina kūleʻa. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, nui nā iʻa i hōʻeha ʻia, maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana iā lākou.
Mālama mau ʻia ka peʻa peʻa i ka wā e ʻau ana a hāpai wale ke lele ka iʻa i kāna mea pio. ʻO ka peʻa i hāpai ʻia e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke poʻo wobbling, kahi e hōʻike ʻole ai i ka waha elongated i ka iʻa. ʻAe kēia hoʻolālā i ka holo ʻana o ka iʻa e hoʻokau i ko lākou waha kokoke i nā kula iʻa, a i ʻole paʻa i ko lākou waha i loko o lākou, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka mea pio, ma mua o ka pā ʻana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Wahi hoʻokele i ka wai
Hānau nā moku peʻa i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻolahalaha nā wahine i kā lākou fin fin e ʻumeʻume ai i nā kāne. Mālama nā kāne i nā heihei hoʻokūkū e hoʻokūkū ana i nā wahine, a pau i ka haʻuki no ke kāne lanakila. I ka wā e lawaiʻa ana i ka Moana Pākīpika komohana, kahi moku peʻa ma luna o 162 cm ka lōʻihi e neʻe mai ka East China Sea i ka hema o Australia no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Me he mea lā e ukali ana nā moku holo moana ma kahakai o Mekiko i ka isotherm 28 ° C ma ka hema.
Ma ke Kai ʻInikia, aia kahi pilina kiʻekiʻe me ka puʻunaue ʻana o kēia mau iʻa a me nā mahina o ka mau ʻāpana hikina hikina, ke piʻi ka wai i nā mahana kūpono ma luna o 27 ° C. Puka ka moku peʻa i loko o ka makahiki i nā wahi pāhona a me nā subtropical o nā moana, ʻoiai ko lākou wā e lawaiʻa nui ai i ke kauwela. ma nā latitu kiʻekiʻe. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki i kēia iʻa ke ulu aʻe i mau manawa. Kuhi ʻia ka Fecundity o nā wahine mai 0.8 miliona a i 1.6 miliona mau hua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ke ola keu o ka moku holo moku ʻo 13 a 15 mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka makahiki maʻamau o nā laʻana hopu he 4 a 5 mau makahiki.
He translucent nā hua moa makua a he anawaena kona ma kahi o 0.85 mm. Loaʻa i nā hua manu kahi pōpō aila liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi i ka meaʻai no ka embryo ulu. ʻOiai ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana o ka larvae e hoʻohuli ʻia e ke kau, nā ʻano wai a me ka loaʻa o nā meaʻai, ʻo ka nui o nā lūlū hou i hoʻonui ʻia he 1.96 mm ka lōʻihi o ka chord, e hoʻonui nei i 2.8 mm ma hope o 3 mau lā a i 15.2 mm ma hope o 18 nā lā. Ulu ulu nui nā ʻōpio i ka makahiki mua, me nā wahine e ulu wikiwiki ana ma mua o nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki i ka ʻōpio. Ma hope o ka makahiki mua, hāʻule nā helu ulu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā moku peʻa
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka moku peʻa
ʻO ka moku kū moku ka piko o ka predation, no laila, ʻaʻohe laha ka predation o nā poʻe ʻau manu manu ʻole o kēia ʻano. Hoʻololi nui lākou i ka heluna lehulehu i ke kaiaolaola ākea. Hoʻohui ʻia, lawelawe nā iʻa i mea hoʻokipa no nā parasite like ʻole.
Kūʻē nui ʻia nā moku peʻa e:
- manō (Selachii);
- kohola kohola (Orcinus orca);
- manō keʻokeʻo (C. charcharias);
- kanaka (Homo Sapiens).
He iʻa kālepa ia i hopu ʻia ma ke ʻano he iʻa iʻa i ka lawaiʻa tuna honua. Hopu ʻino ʻia ka iʻa e nā lawaiʻa kālepa me nā ʻupena kolo, trolling, harpoon a me ka upena. He mea nui ka moku peʻa e like me ka iʻa haʻuki. ʻUlaʻula ka ʻula a maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka marlin polū. Hiki i ka lawaiʻa haʻuki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka pae kūloko, ʻoiai ʻoiai ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano kokoke i ke kahakai a me nā mokupuni.
Loaʻa nā helu hopu kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua no ka iʻa holo ma ka hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika ma waho o Central America, kahi e kākoʻo ai ka laha i ka lawaiʻa haʻuki miliona (hopu a hoʻokuʻu ʻia). I ka lawaiʻa lālani lōʻihi ma Costa Rica, he nui nā iʻa i hoʻolei ʻia no ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka lawaiʻa e lawe mai 15% wale nō o nā iʻa i loko o ke ʻano o kahi moku peʻa, no laila e kahakaha ʻia paha ka hopu. ʻO nā ʻikepili o ka hopu hopu (CPUE) o nā lawaiʻa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēia mau lā i hāpai aʻe i ka hopohopo.
Ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika, hopu ʻia kēia ʻano ma nā lawaiʻa lōʻihi, a me kekahi mau mea hana lima, ʻo ia wale nō nā lawaiʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka marlin, a me nā lawaiʻa haʻuki like ʻole ma kēlā ʻaoʻao a me kēia ʻaoʻao o ʻAkelanika. ʻO ka ulu nui ʻana o nā lako heleuma (FADs) no nā ʻano hana noʻeau a me nā haʻuki e hoʻonui nei i ka nāwaliwali o kēia mau waihona. Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona loiloi he nui i ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka hikina ma mua o ke komohana ʻAkelanika.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: moku peʻa
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i helu mua ʻia ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa e pili ana i ka weliweli, ua manaʻo ke Kōmike lawaiʻa kaiuna o Tuna ʻĀina i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawaiʻa ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa e nā lāhui ma laila. Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano neʻe nui i ka Manaʻo I i ka Convention Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka helu o ka moku peʻa ma luna o ka moana. ʻElua mau moku moku e holo ana i ka Moana ʻAkelanika: hoʻokahi ma ke komohana ʻAkelanika a hoʻokahi ma ka ʻAkelanika hikina. Nui ka kānalua e pili ana i ke kūlana o nā waihona kai ʻo ʻAkelanika, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike i ka lawaiʻa ʻana, me nā mea he nui i ka hikina ma mua o ke komohana.
Moana Pākīpika Hikina. Ua kūpaʻa mau ka hopu ʻana i nā makahiki he 10-25 i hala. Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi kūloko. ʻO ka huina nui o nā moku holo he 80% ma lalo o ka pae 1964 ma Costa Rica, Guatemala a me Panama. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa trophy he 35% ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o mua. Pakipika Waena Komohana. ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā ʻikepili ma ka holo ʻana o ka iʻa holo, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole paha he emi nui.
Ke Kai ʻInikia. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hopu ʻana o nā moku peʻa me kekahi ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka nui o ka marvin a me ka lawaia no ka Pākīpika āpau koe wale no nā helu helu FAO, kahi ʻike ʻole e like me ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o nā lāhui i kahi hui hui. Aia kekahi mau hōʻike e pili ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā moku holo i India a me ʻIrana.
Moku holo moku he iʻa nani loa kahi pahu nani no nā lawaiʻa kai hohonu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kāna ʻiʻo no ka hana ʻana i ka sashimi a me ka sushi. Ma kahakai o USA, Cuba, Hawaii, Tahiti, Australia, Peru, New Zealand, hopu ʻia kahi moku peʻa ma ke koʻokoʻo wili. He mea hoihoi ʻo Ernest Hemingway no ia ʻano leʻaleʻa. Ma Havana, mālama ʻia kahi hoʻokūkū lawaiʻa makahiki no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Hemingway. Ma nā Seychelles, ʻo ka hopu ʻana i nā moku holo moana kekahi o nā hana i makemake nui ʻia e ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi.
Lā hoʻopuka: 14.10.2019
Lā hou: 08/30/2019 ma 21:14
