ʻAno ʻEleʻele He manu ʻike ʻia no kona ʻike a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi, a me kona kani leo nui a ʻino hoʻi. He kūlana hoʻi ko lākou no ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea kanu, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou hopena ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia. Loaʻa i ka genus Corvus nā ʻakaʻaka, nā manu koraka a me nā moa. ʻO kēia mau manu kekahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana Corvidae, kahi e pili pū ana me nā jays a me nā muries.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻAno ʻeleʻele
ʻO ka inoa binomial Latin ʻo Corvus Corone mai ka Latin Corvus a me ka Greek Corone. Hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka genus Corvus ma ke ʻano he "raven" a ʻo "Corone" ke ʻano o ka moa, no laila ʻo "Crow raven" kahi unuhi maoli o Corvus Corone.
Aia ma kahi o 40 mau ʻano o nā ʻaka, no laila hele mai lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻeneki ʻAmelika ma kahi o 45 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻiʻo iʻa ma kahi o 48 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka moa kuʻi ma kahi o 69 cm. Hiki ke kaumaha i nā moa ma waena o 337 a me 1625 gram. Heʻuʻuku nā Rooks ma mua o nā manu koraka a loaʻa nā huelo kāʻei koʻi a me nā nuku māmā. Aia lākou ma ka awelika 47 cm ka lōʻihi.
Video: ʻAiʻeleʻele
ʻOkoʻa nā manu koraka ʻAmelika mai nā manu koraka maʻamau i nā ʻano like ʻole:
- ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau manuʻa;
- ʻoi aku ka piʻo o ko lākou mau leo;
- he nuku ko lākou nui aku.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā manu koraka ma o ko lākou ʻano ʻano. Manaʻo ʻia me ke kōkua o kahi helu nui o nā mele, kani leo nā manu ʻoa i ko lākou mau manaʻo i ka pane ʻana i ka pōloli a me ka hoʻoweliweli, no ka laʻana.
ʻO kā lākou lele maikaʻi a me nā hiki ke hele wāwae, a me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai, hāʻawi i nā ʻalalā i kahi ʻoi aku ma mua o nā manu mahiʻai ʻē aʻe. He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ke ʻano he mea ʻino a me ka pūnana pūnana. Eia nō naʻe, mai kahi manaʻo kaiapuni, ʻaʻohe kumu koi no kēia.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole alakaʻi ka hoʻomaʻau i ka make o ka lehulehu ma nā wahi āpau. I ka mea kikoʻī, hiki i nā pā kau hānai ʻole ke hōʻino i nā mea kanu. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he manu manuahi nā manu koraki ke ʻai lākou i nā iole a me nā nīno nui, keu hoʻi i ka wā hānau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manu ʻeleʻele
ʻO nā manu ʻeleʻele he manu nui, ma kahi o kahi o nā mea nui loa o ka ʻohana moa (48 - 52 cm ka lōʻihi). He mau moa archetypal lākou: he kino ʻeleʻele kūlike, kahi nuku nui e kū ana, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka moa. ʻAʻohe māka o ka moʻo ʻeleʻele nui maʻamau. ʻOi iki ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka moa kuʻi, me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, kaha nui ʻia, nuku ʻoi loa, ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu, a me ka leo hohonu.
ʻOiai maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me ka plumage ʻeleʻele like i ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻaʻole maoli ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo. E nānā kokoke a ʻike ʻoe i kahi sheen ʻōmaʻomaʻo lahilahi a maikaʻi hoʻi. Loaʻa i nā manu nā hulu maikaʻi a me nā hulu a puni ke kumu o ko lākou nuku. ʻO nā wāwae o nā ʻaka ʻeleʻele he anisodactyl, me ʻekolu manamana wāwae e kū pono ana i mua a hoʻokahi hoʻi manamana wāwae i mua. He ʻēheu o nā mākua makua he 84 a 100 cm.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka lolo o nā ʻalalā ʻeleʻele e like me ka nui o nā chimpanzees, a ke hoʻomau nei kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā "moa" e pili ana i kā lākou nohona kaiāulu a me ke kino a hoʻohana i nā pono hana e hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ia paha ka ʻike e hāʻawi ai i nā manu ʻeleʻele i kahi ʻano pohihihi, akā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole - mai ka manaʻo maoli a moʻomeheu hoʻi o ka nānā. E noʻonoʻo i ka manu koraka ke nānā aku, me nā maka e kiaʻi ana, e lohi a kuʻi ʻole i ka pā ʻana i kona mau ʻeheu i kona hoʻololi ʻana i ka lewa, me nā "manamana" ma nā wēlau o kona mau ʻeheu. Nānā ʻokoʻa lākou, e like me nā manamana lima o ka silhouette.
Huikau pinepine ʻia nā manu koraka me nā rook, nona nā nuku i mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka nui, a nele i ka hulu a me ka lauoho. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole like me nā rook, puka pinepine a puka i waho, ʻoi aku ka mehameha o nā manu ʻolo i ke ʻano, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻololi i kekahi manawa i ka hoʻoilo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manu ʻeleʻele?
Kiʻi: Manu ʻeleʻele manu
Hiki ke loaʻa nā manu ʻeleʻele i ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā wahi noho like ʻole. ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ua noho lākou i nā kahawai, i nā wahi mahi liʻiliʻi me ka uhi lāʻau sparse a ma kahakai. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻololi lākou i kahi kekelē kupaianaha i nā kahiki a me nā kaona.
Hoʻohana nā manu ʻeleʻele i nā pāka a me nā hale no ka pūnana ʻana, a me nā meaʻai i nā landfill a me nā kini ʻōpala. ʻO ka hōʻino nui wale i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻalalā ʻeleʻele ka hōʻino kino. ʻAʻole kau palena ʻia lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe e kū nei mai ka ʻilikai a i nā wahi mauna. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine nā manu ʻeleʻele i nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole i nā pōhaku. ʻO ka manu ʻeleʻele kekahi o nā manu maʻamau o ka honua.
Loaʻa lākou:
- i ʻEulopa, Skandinavia, ʻIlia a me Greenland;
- ma Asia holoʻokoʻa, mai ka Moana Pākīpika a hiki i ka Himalayas, i India a me ʻIrana;
- ma waena o ʻApelika komohana a me nā mokupuni ʻo Canary;
- ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Waena, ma ka hema loa, ma kahi laʻana, ma Nicaragua.
ʻO nā wahi i makemake ʻia no nā ʻalalā ʻeleʻele ka United Kingdom (koe naʻe ka ʻĀkau o Skotlandia), Palani, Sepania, Pokukala, Denmark, Czech Republic, Kelemania, Solowakia, ʻAturia, ʻItalia ʻItalia a me Kuikilana. I ka hoʻoilo, nui nā manu ʻEulopa i hiki i Corsica a me Sardinia.
Makemake pū nā manu ʻeleʻele i nā wahi ākea - kahakai, tundra treeless, nā pali pōhaku, nā ululāʻau mauna, nā kahawai hāmama, nā pāpū, nā wao akua a me nā ululāʻau ākea. Loaʻa nā Rooks ma loko o ʻEulopa a me ʻAkia Komohana. Makemake pū lākou i nā ākea ākea, nā pāpū a me nā steppes. ʻAʻohe ka manu ʻeleʻele i ke komohana ʻākau o Sekotia, ʻIlani ʻIlani a me ka Moku Man.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka moa ʻeleʻele. E ʻike kāua i ka manu e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka manu ʻeleʻele?
Kiʻi: ʻO Pōʻeleʻele i Lūkia
ʻO nā manu ʻeleʻele he omnivorous, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻai lākou i nā mea āpau. ʻAi nā Raven i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e like me nā mea hānai manu, amphibians, nā mea kolo, nā hua manu a me nā kino make. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kolo, nā ʻanoʻano, nā lūlū, nā nati, nā huaʻai, nā arthropod non-insect, molluscs, nā ilo a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia e ʻai nā manu ʻolo i nā ʻōpala a mālama i nā meaʻai i nā cache, no kekahi manawa pōkole, i nā lāʻau a i ʻole i ka honua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā manu korakaʻeleʻele ke kū ma nā pūnana a hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻokena e piʻi iā lākou. Kāpala ka manu i nā nahesa i loko o kāna hulu. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano anting a hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku i nā parasites. Hiki i ke ants ke hoʻoinu i nā manu e inu i ka waikawa formic i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ko lākou mau kino.
ʻAi nui nā manu ʻele i ka honua kahi e hele pono ai lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka a pepehi i nā holoholona ʻōpio a nāwaliwali hoʻi. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia kēia maʻamau iā lākou me nā mahiʻai, e like me ka makemake o nā manu no ka luku ʻana i nā mea kanu.
Hiki i nā manu koraka ke holo aku me nā ʻōpala o nā mea pio a mālama i nā tidbits i loko o nā kumulāʻau, hūnā i ka ʻi e like me ka leopadi e ʻai ai ma hope. I kekahi manawa kanu lākou i nā ʻanoʻano a mālama paha iā lākou i nā māwae i loko o ka ʻili, i kekahi manawa ʻaihue lākou i ka meaʻai mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ke hana pū nei me nā ʻalalā ʻē aʻe e hoʻouka i ka meaʻai o nā otters, vultures a me nā manu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻ crowuliuli i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO nā manu ʻeleʻele he manu akamai loa. Kaulana lākou no ko lākou ʻike hoʻoponopono pilikia a me nā mākau kamaʻilio kupaianaha. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka hui ʻana o ka moa me kekahi kanaka hewa, aʻo ia i nā ʻalalā ʻē aʻe pehea e ʻike ai iā ia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hōʻike nā noiʻi ʻaʻole poina nā manu ʻeleʻele i nā maka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā manu ʻeleʻele akamai ke lilo i poʻe hoʻoweliweli. Ua aʻo ʻia lākou e helu me ka leo nui a ʻehiku, a ua aʻo ʻia kekahi mau manu ʻele ma luna o 100 mau huaʻōlelo a hiki i ka 50 mau huaʻōlelo piha; ua ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe e hoʻohālike i nā leo o ko lākou mau ona e kāhea i nā ʻīlio a hoʻomākeʻaka i nā lio. Hōʻike lākou i ka hoihoi nui, e hānai ana i kahi kaulana no nā pranksters kumuhana a me ka helu ʻana i nā ʻaihue. Lele lākou me nā leka uila a ka poʻe, huki i nā lole lole mai nā laina, a holo aku me nā mea i mālama ʻole ʻia e like me nā kī kaʻa.
Noho wale nā ʻano manu ʻokikina, akā ʻai pinepine lākou i nā hui. Noho kekahi ma nā hui nui. Ke make kekahi moa, e hoʻopuni ka hui i ka mea i make. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia hoʻolewa ma mua o ke kanikau ʻana i ka mea make. Hui pū nā manu ʻeleʻele e ʻike i ka mea nāna i luku i ko lākou lālā.
Ma hope o kēlā, e hui pū kekahi pūʻulu o nā ʻalalā a alualu i nā mea ʻaihue. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano manu he makahiki, ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o nā mākua, noho i kahi hui i kapa ʻia ke kaiāulu kūmau. Hele kekahi mau ʻolokaʻa a ʻo kekahi ʻaʻole. Inā pono, e huakaʻi lākou i nā wahi mehana o ko lākou ʻāina.
Kaulana nui nā manu ʻeleʻele no kā lākou wahi pūnana hoʻokahi, ʻoiai lākou e mālama i nā wahi pūnana nui a puni kā lākou pūnana. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, hana pū nā manu koraka e hāʻawi i ka pale mai nā mea ʻaihue a me nā mea komo hewa ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻike lākou i ka hana kūikawā ke hilinaʻi nei i kekahi mea koʻikoʻi, e like me ka chimney a i ʻole ke aniani kīwī, a kani nui me ke kani i nā moʻo o ka ʻoi loa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā manu ʻeleʻele i nā holoholona make a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia nā ʻalalā no ka hoʻokahuli ʻana i nā kini ʻōpala, akā ʻo ka lawehala maoli ka poʻe raccoons a ʻīlio paha.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻAno ʻeleʻele
ʻO nā moa ʻeleʻele ka mea pinepine e hana i nā pālua monogamous e noho pū no ke ola. Hānau lākou i ka wā mua o ka pūnāwai, mai Malaki a ʻApelila. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, pale aku kēia mau kāne i ka ʻāina like a lākou e noho nei a puni ka makahiki. Hiki i kekahi mau heluna ke neʻe i ka pūnaewele hānau.
Hoʻokahi wale nō paʻa o kēlā me kēia kumu. Eia naʻe, ma kahi o 3% o kēlā me kēia mea e komo i ka moena ʻoihana. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻĀkau o Sepania i ka hui ʻana o ka wahine i ka nui o nā pūnana.
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, pili nā manu kōkua me kahi paʻa moena. I kekahi mau hihia, ua hōʻea kēia mau pūʻulu hānau i ka nui o nā manu he ʻumikūmālima, i kekahi manawa me nā moa mai kekahi mau hui. Ma muli o ka rarity o kēia, ua hoʻomaka koke nā mea noiʻi e hoʻopaʻa i nā mīkini o nā hui ʻohana.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau no nā manu ʻeleʻele i ka hopena o Malaki, me ka hoʻomoe hua manu nui i ka waena o ʻApelila. Ke hui pū nā manu koraka ʻeleʻele, noho mau lākou no ke ola, hoʻokaʻawale ma hope o ka make wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau manawa ʻike ʻia nā wahine wale nō ma ke ʻano he kāne, a hoʻopunipuni nā kāne i kekahi manawa.
Hoʻomoe nā manu ʻelima a ʻeono paha mau hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻoliva me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. Hiki i nā ʻakaʻaka ʻōpio ke lilo i ʻeono mau makahiki me ko lākou mau mākua ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e noho kūʻokoʻa.
Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka hoʻoilo, ʻākoakoa nā manu ʻeleʻele i nā hui nui o ka noho pō ʻana. Hiki i kēia mau hipa ke komo i loko o nā manu he ʻumi tausani, i kekahi manawa he mau haneli tausani. ʻO nā kumu kūpono no kēia kau ka mehana, pale ʻana mai nā mea ʻaihue e like me ka pueo, a i ʻole ka kaʻanalike ʻike. Hiki i ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ke ola i 13 mau makahiki i ka nāhelehele a ma luna o 20 mau makahiki i ka noho pio ʻana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā manu ʻeleʻele
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manu ʻeleʻele
ʻO nā mea ʻaihue nui a i ʻole nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā manu ʻeleʻele he lawai a me nā pueo. Hoʻouka ʻo Hawks, pepehi a ʻai iā lākou i ke ao, a hele mai nā pueo ma hope o lākou i ka pō ke aia lākou i ko lākou wahi hūnā. Akā hoʻouka aku nō nā manu koraka i nā manu ʻio a me nā pueo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai iā lākou.
ʻIno e inaina nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, a ke loaʻa iā lākou kekahi o lākou, hoʻouka kaua iā lākou i nā hui nui a walaʻau i kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo "mobbing". ʻO kahi hawk a i kahi pueo hoʻi e piha i nā ʻalalā e hoʻāʻo mau e haʻalele i kahi pilikia.
Kāhea pinepine ʻia nā manu ʻeleʻele me ka wiwo ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke alualu i nā ʻaeto, hiki ke kaumaha i ʻeiwa mau manawa ma mua o ka moa. ʻOiai ʻo ko lākou wiwo ʻole, makaʻala mau nā manu ʻeleʻele i nā kānaka, ʻo ia ko lākou mea ʻai nui nui.
Hiki i nā manu ʻeleʻele ke hoʻololi nui i ka heluna manu kūloko ma ka hopu holoholona ʻana i kā lākou mau hua. Kuhi kēia e hoʻokani paha lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ka lehulehu ma kā lākou kaiaolaola ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻohana i nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopau nā manu ʻāleʻa i ke kino, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke ʻano nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana i kēia mea. ʻO ka cuckoo ʻike nui ʻia, ʻo Clamator glandariou, kahi parasite hānau i ʻike ʻia e kau i nā hua i nā pūnana o ka ʻohana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He mau moa ʻeleʻele
Wahi a ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ʻaʻole weliweli ka hapa nui o nā ʻaka. ʻO Crow Flores kahi ʻokoʻa. Ua helu ʻia ʻo ia me he mea weliweli loa ia no ka mea heʻuʻuku loa kāna heluna kanaka e emi ana ma ke ʻano hoʻoweliweli ka wao nahele i kona home ma nā mokupuni ʻo Flores a me Rinka.
Kuhi ka IUCN i kona heluna kānaka mai ka 600 a i ka 1,700 poʻe makua. Pau ka moa Hawaii i ka nahelehele. ʻO ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻakaʻaka ʻeleʻele, e like me nā kuhi ʻokoʻa, mai 43 a 204 miliona a hoʻomau e ulu. ʻAʻole e hana ʻia i kēia manawa e mālama i ka laha o ka manu ʻeleʻele.
ʻOiai ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i kēia manawa he ʻano ʻokoʻa, hiki iā ia ke interbreed me kona hoahānau, a loaʻa nā hybrids kahi e kuʻe ai ko lākou pae. I ka hapanui o ʻIlani a me Skotlandia, ua pani ʻia ka ʻaka ʻeleʻele e ka ʻāhinahina-ʻeleʻele manuahi, ma nā palena o nā ʻāpana ʻelua i hānau like. A hiki i kēia manawa, he mea pohihihi ia no ke aha he ʻelua mau ʻano ʻokoʻa e noho ana i nā wahi kaiāulu pili.
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka moa ʻeleʻele i mea hoʻokele kūlohelohe o nā lehulehu manu, a i kekahi mea he hana kūpono ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā manawa no nā manu e ʻoi aku iā ia. ʻO nā manu āpau, ʻo ka ʻino ʻeleʻele ka mea i inaina nui ʻia e nā kamaʻāina nāna e hānai holoholona, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka maalea loa o nā manu ʻaihue manu. Pilikia nui nā manu ʻāhiu i kona luku ʻia.
ʻAno ʻEleʻele ʻO ia kekahi o nā manu akamai a maʻalahi hoʻi i nā adaptable. He makaʻu pinepine ʻo ia, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke makaʻala i ke kanaka. He mehameha loa lākou, ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā mele a i ʻole nā pālua, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā holoholona. E hele mai nā manu ʻeleʻele i nā kīhāpai no ka ʻai, a ʻoiai e akahele pinepine lākou i ka wā mua, e ʻike koke lākou i ka wā e palekana ai a hoʻi lākou e hoʻohana pono i nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia.
Lā paʻi: 21.08.2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 13:50
