ʻAihue pāma - kahi pāpaʻi nui loa, e like me ka pāpaʻi. ʻO ka mea nui, kupaianaha kāna pincer - inā ʻoe e hopu iā lākou e like me kēlā, a laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kanaka. Akā ʻaʻole hōʻike kēia crayfish i ka huhū i ka poʻe, ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea mua, akā hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, e like me nā manu. Hele lākou i ke alualu i ke ahiahi, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ka lā.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻAihue Pālama
He lawaiʻa decapod ka ʻaihue pāma. Ua hana mua ʻia ka wehewehe ʻepekema e K. Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1767, a laila loaʻa iā ia kona inoa kikoʻī latro. Akā ua hoʻololi ʻia kona inoa generic maʻi ʻaʻaʻa i 1816 e W. Leach. Pēlā i ʻike ʻia ai ka latro Birgus, i ola a hiki i kēia lā.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā arthropod mua ma kahi o 540 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ana ka Cambrian. ʻAʻole like me nā hihia ʻē aʻe, i ka wā ma hope o ka puka ʻana o kahi hui o nā meaola ola e lohi lohi no ka manawa lōʻihi, a noho haʻahaʻa ka like ʻole o nā ʻano, lilo lākou i laʻana o "evolution explosive".
Video: ʻAihue Pālama
ʻO kēia ka inoa no ka hoʻomohala ʻoi o kahi papa, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i kahi nui loa o nā ʻano a me nā lāhui i loko o kahi manawa pōkole (e nā evolution evolution) o ka manawa. Hoʻokele koke ʻo Arthropods i ke kai, a me ka wai hou, a me ka ʻāina, a me nā crustacea, he subtype o nā arthropods, i kū mai.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā trilobites, ua loaʻa i nā arthropods kekahi mau loli:
- ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi pālua o nā antennae, a lilo pū i lālā o ka hoʻopā;
- ua pōkole a ikaika hoʻi nā lālā ʻelua, ua lilo lākou i mandibles i manaʻo ʻia no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka meaʻai;
- ʻo ke kolu a me ka ʻehā o nā lālā, ʻoiai lākou i kāohi i kā lākou hana kaʻa, ua hoʻololi ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai;
- ua nalowale nā gills ma nā lālā poʻo;
- hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana o ke poʻo a me ka umauma;
- i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, kū ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū i loko o ke kino.
Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia mau hoʻololi āpau i ka ʻae ʻana i ka holoholona e neʻe me ka ʻeleu hou aku, e ʻimi no ka meaʻai, e hopu a hana maikaʻi iā ia. Mai nā crustacea kahiko loa o ka wā ʻo Cambrian, he nui nā fossil i koe, i ka manawa like i kū mai ai ka crayfish kiʻekiʻe, nona ka ʻaihue pāma.
No kekahi crayfish o kēlā manawa, ua ʻano ke ʻano o ka meaʻai o kēia ao, a ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ke ʻano o ko lākou kino i ʻoi aku ka hemolele ma mua o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOiai ua nalo ka laha i noho ma ka honua, ua like nā ʻano o ke au hou me lākou.
He mea paʻakikī kēia e kūkulu hou i ke kiʻi o ka evolution o crustaceans: ʻaʻole hiki ke haki pehea i lilo ai lākou i mea paʻakikī i ka manawa. No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻaihue pāma, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia kā lākou lālā evolutionary no nā haneli miliona o nā makahiki, a hiki i ka Cambrian ponoʻī.
ʻIke hoihoi: Aia kekahi mau crustacean i waena o nā crustacean i hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mau mōʻalihaku ola - ua noho nā pale Triops cancriformis ma ko mākou honua no 205-210 miliona mau makahiki.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻaihue pāma
ʻO ka ʻaihue pāma i ka crayfish nui loa: ulu ia a 40 cm a kaupaona a 3.5-4 kg. ʻElua mau pā wāwae e ulu ana ma kāna cephalothorax. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea i mua, nona nā māiʻuo ikaika: ʻike ʻia he ʻokoʻa ka nui - ka nui o ka hema.
He mana pū kekahi nā wāwae ʻelua e hiki mai ana, mahalo i hiki i kēia maʻi ʻaʻai ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau. ʻO ka lua o ka lua ua ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui i nā mea i hala, a ʻo ka ʻelima ka liʻiliʻi. Mahalo i kēia, hiki i ka crayfish ʻōpio ke ʻomi i loko o nā pūpū haole e pale iā lākou mai hope.
ʻO ke kumu no ka hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia o nā paʻa o nā wāwae ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻaihue pāma i nā pāpaʻi hermit, ʻaʻole loa i nā pāpaʻi, kahi ʻano maʻamau ʻole kēia. Akā hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka pā mua: me ke kōkua o nā māiʻuʻu ma luna ona, hiki i ka ʻaihue pāma ke huki i nā mea he ʻumi mau manawa ke kaumaha ma mua o kona iho, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea kaua weliweli.
ʻOiai he exoskeleton ulu maikaʻi kēia kanesa a me nā akemā piha, ola ia i ka ʻāina. He pīhoihoi ka haku ʻia ʻana o kona mau māmā me nā mākala like me nā gills, akā ke omo lākou i ka oxygen mai ka lewa. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā ia nā gills, akā kūkulu haʻahaʻa ʻia lākou a ʻae ʻole iā ia e noho i ke kai. ʻOiai hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kona ola ma laila, akā ma hope o kona nui ʻana, ua nalowale kona hiki ke ʻauʻau.
Hōʻike ka ʻaihue pāma i kāna ʻano ponoʻī: nui loa ia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā māiʻuʻu, no ka mea ke nānā aku nei kēia maʻi ʻaʻai a he like loa me ka pāpaʻi. Akā ʻaʻole ia e waiho i kahi makaʻi i ke kanaka, aia wale nō inā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoholo e hoʻouka: a laila me kēia mau māiʻuʻu e hiki ai i ka ʻaihue pāma ke hana maoli i kahi ʻeha.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻaihue pāma?
Kiʻi: ʻAihue Pālima
He ākea loa ko lākou ākea, akā i ka manawa like noho lākou ma ka hapanui o nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi. No laila, ʻoiai ua hoʻopuehu ʻia lākou mai kahakai o ʻApelika ma ke komohana a kokoke i ʻAmelika Hema ma ka hikina, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻāina kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho.
ʻO nā mokupuni nui kahi e hālāwai ai ʻoe me ka ʻaihue pāma:
- Zanzibar;
- ʻāpana hikina o Java;
- Sulawesi;
- Bali;
- Timora;
- Nā Paeʻāina Pilipino;
- Hainan;
- Oceania Komohana.
ʻIke ʻia ka Mokupuni Kalikimaka ʻo ia ka wahi e noho ʻia e kēia mau moku crayfish i ka hapanui o nā mea āpau: hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma aneane i kēlā me kēia keʻehi. E like me kāu e ʻike ai mai ka papa inoa ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, makemake lākou i nā mokupuni wela, a ʻoiai ma ka ciia subtropical ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa.
ʻOiai noho lākou ma nā mokupuni nui - e like me Hainan a i ʻole Sulawesi, makemake lākou i nā mea liʻiliʻi kokoke i nā mokupuni nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Nūkini, inā hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou, kākaʻikahi loa ia, ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi e moe ana i ka ʻākau o ia - pinepine pinepine. Ua like ia me Madagascar.
ʻAʻole lākou makemake e noho kokoke i ka poʻe, a ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o ka mokupuni, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻaihue pāma e noho nei. Kūpono lākou no ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mokupuni noho ʻole ʻia. Hana lākou i kā lākou mau lua ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai, i nā pōhaku ʻākala a i ʻole nā kaha pōhaku.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: kapa ʻia kēia mau crayfish i nā pā niu. Ua ala aʻe kēia inoa ma muli o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma mua ua piʻi lākou i nā lāʻau pāma i mea e ʻoki ai i ka niu a ʻahaʻaina ma luna. Akā ʻaʻole kēia pēlā: hiki iā lākou ke nānā no nā niu i hāʻule wale.
He aha kā ka ʻaihue pāma e ʻai ai
Kiʻi: ʻaihue palama i ke kūlohelohe
He lauwili loa kona papa kuhikuhi a komo pū nā mea kanu a me nā meaola, a me ke kino make.
ʻAi pinepine ʻo ia:
- nā mea o ka niu;
- nā hua o ka pandanas;
- crustaceans;
- nā mea kolo;
- nā rodents a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole mālama ʻo ia i nā mea mai nā mea ola - inā ʻaʻole ʻona. Hopu ʻo ia i kekahi mea pio liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole lawa ka wikiwiki e haʻalele iā ia, a mai makaʻala hoʻi i ʻole e paʻa kona maka. ʻOiai ke ʻano nui e kōkua iā ia ke ʻimi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pilau.
Hiki iā ia ke honi i ka mea pio ma kahi mamao loa, a i mau mile he mau no nā mea ʻono a ʻala hoʻi nona - ʻo ia hoʻi nā hua pala a me kaʻiʻo. I ka wā i haʻi aku ai ka poʻe kamaʻāina o nā mokupuni wela i nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka honi o kēia crayfish, ua manaʻo lākou ke hoʻonui nei lākou, akā ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā hoʻokolohua i kēia ʻike.
ʻAʻole maopopo nā mea nona kēlā ʻano ʻala o ka make o ka pōloli, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaihue niu, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻai wale i ke kino wale nō, akā ʻo detritus, ʻo ia hoʻi nā koena decomposed lōʻihi a me nā excretions o nā meaola ola. Akā ʻoi aku kona makemake e ʻai i ka niu. ʻIke i nā mea i hāʻule a, inā ma ka liʻiliʻi hapa lākou, e hoʻāʻo e wāwahi iā lākou me nā māiʻuʻu, kahi manawa i kekahi manawa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke haki i ka pū niu holoʻokoʻa me nā māiʻuʻu - ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia hiki iā lākou ke hana i kēia, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ka ʻike.
Kau pinepine lākou i ka mea pio i kahi kokoke i ka pūnana i mea e haki ai ka pūpū a ʻai ai paha i kēia manawa aʻe. ʻAʻole ia he mea paʻakikī na lākou e hāpai i ka niu, hiki iā lākou ke hāpai i nā kaupaona o kekahi mau ʻumi kilogram. I ka wā i ʻike mua ai ka poʻe ʻEulopa iā lākou, mahalo nui lākou i nā māiʻuʻu i ʻōlelo ai hiki i nā ʻaihue pāma ke alualu i nā kao a me nā hipa. ʻAʻole pololei kēia, akā hiki iā lākou ke hopu maʻalahi i nā manu a me nā moʻo. ʻAi wale lākou i nā honu a me nāʻiole i hānau ʻia. ʻOiai no ka hapa nui makemake lākou ʻaʻole e hana i kēia, akā e ʻai i ka mea i loaʻa a pēlā aku: nā hua pala i hāʻule i ka honua a me ka make.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻAihue pāma cancer
I ke ao, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iki iā lākou, ʻoiai lākou e hele aku ana e ʻimi i nā meaʻai i ka pō. I ka mālamalama o ka lā, makemake lākou e noho i ka puʻuhonua. Hiki i kēia kahi lua i ʻeli ʻia e ka holoholona ponoʻī, a i ʻole kahi hale kūlohelohe. Hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou mau hale me ka pulupulu niu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe mai loko mai, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e mālama i ka wela kiʻekiʻe e pono ai no kahi ola ʻoluʻolu. Uhi mau ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka puka komo i kona home me kahi māiʻuʻu, pono nō hoʻi kēia i ka mau o ka wai.
ʻOiai ke aloha no ka makū, ʻaʻole lākou e noho i ka wai, ʻoiai hoʻāʻo lākou e noho kokoke. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokokoke pinepine i ka lihi a loaʻa i kahi wai. Noho nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i nā pūpū i waiho ʻia e nā mollusc ʻē aʻe, akā ulu aʻe i waho o ia mau mea a hoʻohana ʻole ʻia.
ʻAʻole maʻamau ka piʻi ʻana o nā ʻaihue pāma i nā kumulāʻau. Hana lākou i kēia me ka eleu, me ke kōkua o ka lua a me ke kolu o nā lālā, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hāʻule - akā, no lākou he maikaʻi, hiki iā lākou ke ola maʻalahi i kahi hāʻule mai kahi kiʻekiʻe a 5 mau mika. Inā neʻe hope lākou i ka honua, a laila iho mua lākou mai nā lāʻau i ke poʻo.
Noho lākou i ka hapa nui o ka pō ma ka honua paha, e ʻai ana i ka mea pio i loaʻa iā lākou, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopu holoholona ʻana, a i ʻole ma ka wai, a i ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka nui e loaʻa ai lākou i nā kumulāʻau - no kekahi kumu makemake lākou e piʻi i laila. Noho lākou no kahi manawa lōʻihi: hiki iā lākou ke ulu a 40 mau makahiki, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e make koke - ʻike ʻia nā kānaka i hiki i 60 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻAihue Pālima
Noho powa nā powa a loaʻa wale i ka wā hānau: hoʻomaka ia i Iune a mau a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake. Ma hope o ka noho aloha lōʻihi ʻana. Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina, kakali ka wahine no ke ʻano maikaʻi a hele i ke kai. I ka wai pāpaʻu, komo i ka wai a hoʻokuʻu i nā hua. I kekahi manawa huki ka wai iā lākou a lawe aku iā lākou, i nā hihia ʻē aʻe kali ka wahine i mau hola i loko o ka wai a hiki i ka pā ʻana o ka larva mai nā hua manu. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hele mamao ia, no ka mea inā lawe ka nalu iā ia, make wale ia i ke kai.
Hana ʻia ka paʻa i ke kai kiʻekiʻe i lawe ʻole ʻia nā hua i kai, kahi e make ai nā ʻūlū. Inā holo pono nā mea āpau, hānau ʻia nā larvae he nui, ʻaʻole like i kekahi ʻano me ka ʻaihue pāma makua. No nā wiki he 3-4 e hiki mai ana, lana lākou i luna o ka wai, e ulu a loli paha. Ma hope o kēlā, iho nā crustacea liʻiliʻi i lalo o ka waihona wai a kolo pū me ia no kekahi manawa, e hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa kahi home. ʻO ka wikiwiki hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa āu e ola ai, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe pale pale, ʻoi loa i ko lākou ʻōpū.
Hiki i kahi pūpū hakahaka a i ʻole pūpū mai kahi nū liʻiliʻi ke lilo i hale. I kēia manawa, ʻano like loa lākou i nā pāpaʻi hermit i ka helehelena a me ka lawena, noho mau lākou i ka wai. Akā e hoʻomāhuahua iki ka mumū, no laila ke holo ka manawa, pae i ka crayfish ʻōpio - kekahi ma mua, a ma hope kekahi. I ka mua, loaʻa iā lākou kahi pūpū ma laila, akā i ka manawa like e paʻakikī ai ko lākou ʻōpū, no laila ke hala ka manawa e nalowale ana ka pono no ia mea, a hoʻolei lākou iā ia.
I ko lākou ulu ʻana, hoʻokahe pinepine lākou - hana lākou i exoskeleton hou, a ʻai lākou i ka mea kahiko. No laila i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua lilo lākou i crayfish makua, e loli nui nei. Lohi ka ulu ʻana: ma ka makahiki 5 wale nō i hiki i ke oʻo kolohe, a hiki i kēia mau makahiki ua liʻiliʻi lākou - ma kahi o 10 cm.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻaihue pāma
Kiʻi: ʻAihue Pālama
ʻAʻohe mea ʻaihue kūikawā no nā ʻaihue pāma ko lākou waiwai pio nui. Nui loa lākou, pale maikaʻi ʻia a hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli ke alualu mau ʻia. Akā ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole lākou i ka makaʻu: hiki ke hopu ʻia a ʻai ʻia e nā felines nui a, ʻo ka pinepine, nā manu.
Akā ʻo kahi manu nui wale nō ka mea hiki ke pepehi i kēlā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai; ʻaʻole kēlā me kēia mokupuni tropical i kahi mea like. ʻO ke kumu, hoʻoweliweli lākou i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i ulu ʻole i ka hapalua o ka nui o ka nui - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 cm. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu ʻia e nā manu manu lele e like me ke kestrel, ka lupe, ka ʻaeto, a pēlā aku.
Nui aʻe nā mea hoʻoweliweli i ka larvae: hiki iā lākou ke lilo i meaʻai no nā holoholona wai āpau e hānai iā plankton. ʻO ka iʻa nui kēia a me nā iʻa mammal kai. ʻAi lākou i ka hapa nui o nā larva, a koe wale kekahi o lākou e ola a hiki i ka ʻāina.
ʻAʻole pono mākou e poina e pili ana i kahi kanaka: ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻaihue ʻana o nā pāma e hoʻāʻo e noho ma nā mokupuni me he mālie a noho ʻole ʻia e hiki ai, lilo lākou i mau mea hōʻeha i nā kānaka. ʻO nā mea āpau ma muli o kā lākou ʻiʻo ono, a ʻaʻole pāʻani ka nui iā lākou: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hopu ʻana i kekahi crayfish ma mua o nā ʻumikūmālua mau liʻiliʻi.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻIke ʻia kēia crayfish me kahi ʻaihue Palm no ka mea makemake ia e noho ma luna o nā lāʻau pāma a ʻaihue i nā mea āpau āpau. Inā ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea pākaukau, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a ʻo nā mea hao paha, e hoʻāʻo loa ka maʻi ʻaʻai e lawe aku i kona home.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻaihue pāma
Ehia mau lunamaka o kēia laha i loaʻa i ke kūlohelohe ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o ka noho maoli ʻana i nā wahi ʻilihuna. No laila, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka papa inoa o nā ʻano laha ʻole, eia nō naʻe, i loko o kēlā mau panalāʻau kahi e waiho ai ka hoʻopaʻa inoa, aia kahi hōʻemi weliweli o kā lākou helu i ke kenekulia i hala.
ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia ka hopu ʻana i kēia crayfish. ʻAʻole ʻono wale kā lākou ʻiʻo, a no laila pipiʻi - ʻono nā ʻaihue pāma e like me nā ula; i ka hoʻohui, ua manaʻo ʻia hoʻi he aphrodisiac, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka noi. No laila, i nā ʻāina he nui, hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea kapu i kā lākou hana a i ʻole hoʻolauna piha ʻia nā pāpā. No laila, inā makemake nui ʻia nā kīʻaha mai kēia maʻi ʻaʻai ma Nūkini, i kēia manawa ua pāpā pinepine ʻia e lawelawe iā ia i nā hale ʻaina a me nā hale ʻaina. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua nalowale kekahi o nā mākeke kūʻai nui no ka poʻe smugglers, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā puke nui, no laila ke koe nei nā hana e pale aku ai iā lākou.
I kekahi mau ʻāina a me nā panalāʻau e pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā crayfish liʻiliʻi: ʻo kahi laʻana, ma ka mokupuni ʻo Mariana ʻĀkau e ʻae ʻia e hopu wale i nā mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 76 mm, a ma lalo o kahi laikini a mai Kepakemapa a Nowemapa. No kēia kau holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ma mua o 15 crayfish ma lalo o hoʻokahi laikini. I Guam a me Micronesia, pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā wahine hāpai, ma Tuvalu aia nā ʻāina i ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona (me nā kapu), akā aia kekahi mau mea pāpā ʻia. Pili nā kapu like i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau ana āpau e pale aku ai i ka ʻaihue ʻana o nā palemai. ʻAʻole hiki wawe ke hoʻokolokolo i kā lākou pono, ʻoiai ma ka hapanui o nā ʻāina kūpono lākou no 10-20 mau makahiki; akā ke kumu no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa no ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma muli o ka nui o nā ana kānāwai i nā panalāʻau ʻokoʻa, he nui loa. Pono kēia mau crayfish nui i ka pale, inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻopau iā lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke lawe ʻia nei kekahi mau ana, akā ʻaʻole maopopo akā lawa paha lākou e mālama i nā laha. Ma kekahi pae ʻāina kahi ʻaihue pāma hoʻohana ākea ʻia, aneane ʻaʻole loaʻa - ʻaʻole hiki i kēia ʻano ke makaʻu.
Lā paʻi: 08/16/2019
Lā hou: 24.09.2019 ma 12:06
