Earwig - he pepelu kolohe me nā ʻano hana hānai omnivorous, a i kekahi manawa e alakaʻi i ka hōʻino nui i kekahi mau mahiʻai mahiʻai. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohaumia lākou i nā mea ʻai i ke komo ʻana i loko. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau hihia, hiki iā lākou ke pōmaikaʻi ma muli o kā lākou ʻano predatory. Hōʻike ka inoa i kahi kaʻao e like me ka mea hiki ke kolo i loko o ka pepeiao o ke kanaka a ʻūlū i ka eardrum. He pīhoihoi ia aia kekahi ʻano wehewehe no ka ʻaoʻao ʻōlelo Pelekania. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā mau hihia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Earwig
Ola ka pepeiao i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a he pepelu ʻohana maʻamau maʻamau. I kēia lā, ua unuhi ʻia ka inoa earwig (i ka English earwig) e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā ʻēheu hope, nona nā hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi a ʻano like hoʻi o kēia mau ʻenekia a ʻano like me ka pepeiao o ke kanaka ke wehe ʻia. ʻO kahi inoa inoa kahi kuhikuhi kikoʻī i kēia hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO nā fossil earwig mua loa mai ka hopena o ka manawa Triassic. Loaʻa he 70 kope i loaʻa. ʻAʻole loaʻa kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical o nā earwigs o kēia ao i nā fossil mua loa. ʻAʻole kūlou loa kā lākou pincer e like me nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia au. Ua like ko nā kūpuna kūloko me nā kūloko i kēia lā. Ua nalowale ko lākou ala i nā sediment o ka wā Permian. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia hui i ka wā Triassic, ke hiki ke hoʻololi i ka evolutionary mai Protelytroptera i nā earwigs.
Video: Earwig
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Archidermaptera e pili ana i nā hui i koe o nā earwigs, ka hui extod Eodermaptera, a me ka Neodermaptera suborder e ola nei. Loaʻa nā subsi extinct me nā ʻāpana ʻelima (ʻokoʻa i nā ʻekolu i loaʻa ma Neodermaptera), a me nā cerci non-segmented. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mōʻalihaku o Hemimeridae lāua ʻo Arixeniidae. E like me ka nui o nā ʻano epizootic ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe fossil, akā ʻaʻole paha lākou i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hopena o ke Teriaria.
ʻO kekahi mau hōʻike o ka mōʻaukala evolution mua i ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai antennal, kahi ʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana holo i hana ʻia i ʻelua mau ampullae a i ʻole nā vesicle i pili i ka cuticle mua i ke kumu o ka antennae. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili lākou i ke koko me nā mea hoʻopili paʻa ma mua o ka mākala.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka earwig
ʻO nā Earwigs ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ke kala a me nā kino oblong 12 a 15 mm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou me 3 mau paʻa o nā wāwae tawny. ʻO ke kino elongated pālahalaha brownish kino i kahi pale-ʻano aniani dorsum. He ʻelua mau ʻeheu a me nā antennae filamentary e pili ana i ka 12-15 mm ka lōʻihi o ka insect. ʻO nā kāne kāne ʻokoʻa i ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ka laulā o ke poʻo. ʻIke ʻia nā earwigs maʻamau no kahi pūʻulu o nā forceps e kūlia i waho o ka ʻōpū a hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale a me nā hana moena.
Hōʻike ka forceps i ka dimorphism moekolohe, a i nā kāne ikaika lākou, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka piʻo ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO nā wahine forceps ma kahi o 3 mm ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika a pololei. ʻElua mau antennae o ka earwig ʻEulopa, 14 a 15 mau ʻāpana ka lōʻihi, i loaʻa nā manaʻo nui he nui, a me kahi eheu i hoʻomohala piha ʻia.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaula lōʻihi i ka wā o ka male ʻana, ka hānai ʻana a me ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho. He tegmen kekahi o nā wahine ma kahi o 2 mm ka lōʻihi. He membrane nā ʻēheu hope, ākea me nā veins lobular. Mālama ʻia ka earwig kokoke i ka lele i ka lele. Me ka pelu ʻana i kona mau ʻeheu, pelu ʻelua nā kolo iā lākou i ʻelua mau manawa. ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻeheu i hoʻomohala ʻia, hoʻohana pinepine ka earwig iā lākou me ka makemake ʻole e neʻe i kāna mau lālā. Nā wāwae e holo ana, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana.
Ma hea e noho ai ka earwig?
Kiʻi: Earwig ma Lūkia
No ʻEulopa, Asia Hikina a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau ʻo Earwigs. I kēia lā hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo Antarctica. Hoʻonui mau ʻia ka pae ʻāina o nā laha. Ua loaʻa nō lākou ma ka mokupuni ʻo Guadeloupe i ka Moana Pākīpika. Ma Rūsia, ʻike ʻia ka earwig ma ka hikina a hiki i Omsk a me nā Ural, a ma Kazakhstan ka palena e pili ana i ka pili o Volga, ma ka hema a hiki i Ashgabat, me nā kuahiwi ʻo Kopetdag. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka earwig i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i ka mua o ke kenekulia iwakālua a maʻa mau ia ma ka hapanui o ka ʻāina.
Mea hoihoi: Ma ʻAmelika Hema, he ʻelua mau mea pili i ka earwig i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Loaʻa i nā heluna kanaka i nā anuanu anuanu hoʻokahi lālika i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hana ana i nā ʻano A, ʻoiai ʻo nā heluna i nā anuanu mehana he ʻelua paʻa i ka makahiki, e hana ana i nā ʻano B.
ʻO nā earwigs ʻEulopa nā meaola honua e noho nui i nā anilā wela. Ua loaʻa mua lākou ma ka Palaearctic a hana nui i ka wā o ke ana wela i ko lākou haʻahaʻa. ʻIke ʻia nā pepelu i kahi ākea ākea ākea a ma ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 2824 m. I ke ao, makemake lākou i nā wahi pouli a me nā mea e peʻe mai nā mea hōkai.
Aia i kā lākou wahi noho nā ululāʻau, nā mahiʻai a me nā wahi kaiāulu. I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, makemake nā wahine i kahi nohona waiwai-momona no ka lua ʻana a me ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua. Hiki i nā mākua hiamoe ke hoʻomanawanui i nā mahana anuanu, akā hoʻemi ʻia ko lākou ola i nā lepo i ninini maikaʻi ʻole ʻia e like me ka pālolo. I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka makū nui, mālama lākou i ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā pali. I kekahi manawa noho lākou i nā kumu hollow o nā pua.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka earwig?
Kiʻi: Earwig maʻamau
Hana nui nā Earwigs i ka pō. He omnivorous kēia kolo, e hānai nei i nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā holoholona. ʻOiai uku ʻia nā ʻano predatory o ka insect e ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu, i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui i nā mea kanu, nā hua a me nā pua. ʻO nā pīni, nā beets, kāpelu, nā kelelu, ka pua kō, ka kukama, ka lettuce, ka pī, kaʻuala, kaubelu a me ka ʻōmato kekahi o nā mea kanu i hoʻouka kaua ʻia. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia nā earwigs he poʻe scavenger a me nā mea ʻaihue. ʻAi lākou i kā lākou mau ʻāpana wahaheʻe.
ʻIke ʻia lākou e hānai iā:
- aphids;
- punawelewele;
- larva;
- kikiki;
- hua manu lele.
ʻO kā lākou mea kanu punahele:
- keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (Trifolium repens);
- ka mea hele lāʻau lapaʻau (Sisymbrium officinale);
- dahlia (Dáhlia).
Makemake lākou e ʻai:
- molakeke;
- lichens;
- huaʻai;
- fungi;
- limu.
ʻOi aku ka makemake o kēia mau ʻelala e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole ke kō ma mua o nā mea kanu maoli, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kanu ka kumu nui o nā meaʻai maoli. Makemake nā Earwigs i nā aphids e kanu i nā mea. ʻAi nā mākua i nā pepelu hou aʻe ma mua o nā ʻōpio. Ma waena o nā pua, dahlias, carnations a me zinnias e hōʻeha pinepine ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia ka poino i nā hua pala e like me nā ʻoma, nā ʻapelika, nā peach, nā plum, nā pears, a me nā strawberry.
ʻOiai ua ulu maikaʻi nā ʻeheu i nā earwigs, nāwaliwali loa lākou a hoʻohana pinepine ʻole ʻia. Ma kahi o nā earwigs e hoʻohana ai i nā lole kanaka, nā waiwai kalepa e like me ka lāʻau, nā lāʻau hoʻonaninani, a me nā pūʻulu nūpepa hoʻi e like me ke ʻano o ka halihali. ʻAi pinepine lākou i nā mea kanu a me nā mea holoholona i nā kūlike like.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Earwig insect
Nocturnal nā Earwigs. Hūnā lākou i ka lā ma nā wahi pouli, a me nā wai e like me nā pōhaku, nā mea kanu, i nā pūpū, i nā hua, nā pua, a me nā wahi like like. I ka pō ʻike ʻia lākou e ʻimi a ʻohiʻohi paha i nā meaʻai. He palupalu palupalu lākou a no laila neʻe ka hapanui ma ke kolo ʻana a lawe ʻia e nā kānaka. Hiki i nā Earwigs ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻenekahi mehameha a me nā kolone kolone. I ka wā moena, noho kaʻawale nā wahine, akā i nā mahina ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki makemake lākou e ʻākoakoa i nā hui nui loa.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Earwigs kahi ʻano subsocial i ko lākou hāʻawi ʻana i ka mālama makua no kā lākou keiki. Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā earwigs maʻamau, hoʻohana lākou i kā lākou tongs i mea kaua no ka pale ʻana. Hoʻokuʻu nā earwigs mākua i kahi pheromone e ʻumeʻume i nā earwigs ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokuʻu pū ʻo Nymphs i nā pheromones e paipai i nā makuahine e mālama iā lākou. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Forceps ma ke ʻano he kamaʻilio i ka wā e moʻa ai a hōʻike i nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli.
Pili ka hana Nocturnal o nā earwigs i ke aniau. Paipai ka mahana mahana paʻa i ka hana, akā hoʻonāwaliwali ka wela o nā mahana. Hoʻopilikia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka neʻe, ʻoiai ka wikiwiki o ka makani kiʻekiʻe a me ka uhi ʻana o ke ao e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana earwig. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka pheromone hōʻuluʻulu i kā lākou feces, kahi mea maikaʻi i nā kāne a me nā nymphs, a hūnā i nā quinones e like me nā kemika pale mai nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Earwig i ka māla
Hana pinepine ʻia ka moena o nā earwigs i Kepakemapa, a ma hope e hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma lalo o ka honua i nā lua. ʻO nā hana maʻamau i ka pili ʻana i ka ikaika ka mea nui i ke kaʻina moena. Nalu nā kāne i kā lāua ʻūlū i ka lewa, kāheʻe a hopu aku i ka wahine. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā forceps i ke kaʻina moena maoli. Inā ʻae ka wahine i ka pili o ke kāne, hoʻohuli ʻo ia i kona ʻōpū i kahi moena a hoʻopili i ka wahine. I ka wā o ka male ʻana, neʻe nā wahine a hānai me ke kāne i pili i kona ʻōpū. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia o nā hua i loko o ka wahine. I kekahi manawa i ka wā male ʻana, hele mai kekahi kāne ʻē aʻe a hoʻohana i kāna mau pūʻali koa e hakakā aku i ke kāne male a kū i kona wahi.
Mea hoihoi: Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻo Earwigs i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki mai Kepakemapa a Ianuali. I ka hala ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ke kakahiaka nui, hoʻomoe nā wahine he 30 a 55 mau hua i loko o ka lua i eli ʻia i ka lepo. Kūʻokoʻa ke keiki i ʻelua mau mahina ma hope o ka hatching a ʻaʻole pono hou i ka mālama makua. Hiki i nā Earwigs ke oʻo kolohe ma 3 mau mahina a hiki ke hānau hou e like me ke kau aʻe.
Moe nā wahine ma kahi o 5-8 mm o ka lepo me kā lākou mau hua, kiaʻi iā lākou a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou mai nā fungi a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i ko lākou waha. Kipaku ʻia nā kāne i waho o ka lua i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ke kakahiaka nui, ʻoiai e hoʻomoe ana ka wahine i nā hua hua momona. Ke hatch ka larvae ma hope o 70 mau lā, hāʻawi ka makuahine i ka pale a me ka meaʻai ma ke kāʻei ʻana.
Ke lilo lākou i mau nimfa o ka makahiki ʻelua, ʻike ʻia ma luna o ka honua a loaʻa iā lākou iho kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī. Eia nō naʻe, i ka lā e hoʻi ai lākou i kā lākou lua. Noho nā kolu a me ka hā o nā makahiki ma luna o ka honua, kahi e ulu ai a makua. ʻAno like nā Nymphs me nā mākua, akā māmā ka waihoʻoluʻu me nā ʻēheu liʻiliʻi a me nā antennae. I ka neʻe ʻana o nā nymph mai kekahi makahiki a i kekahi makahiki, hoʻomaka lākou e pouli, ulu nā ʻeheu, a loaʻa i nā antennae nā ʻāpana hou aʻe. Ma waena o kēlā me kēia pae hoʻomohala, hoʻokahe nā ʻōpio, e nalowale ana i kā lākou cuticle waho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka earwig
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka earwig
Huli ʻia ka pepeiao pepeiao e kekahi ʻano o Diptera (Diptera) a ʻo Coleoptera (Coleoptera). ʻO nā ʻenemi nui nā nalo honua e like me Pterostichus vulgaris, Poecilopompilus algidus, nalo honua nahelehele a me Calosoma tepidum, a me nā nalo lele ʻole (Omus dejeanii). ʻO nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe me nā toads, nāhesa, a me kekahi mau manu. He mau ʻano pale ʻokoʻa kā ka earwig i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻalo ai i ka predation. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka forceps ma ke ʻano he mea kaua a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā glands ma luna o ka ʻōpū e hoʻokuʻu i nā kemika e hāʻawi i nā pilau pilau a hana i repellant no nā mea ʻino.
ʻO nā predators earwig kaulana loa:
- nalo nalo;
- nalo;
- ʻūpā ahi;
- toads;
- nahesa;
- manu
Hoʻokipa nā Earwigs no nā meaola parasite like ʻole. Mālama pū lākou i nā mea ʻai manu ʻē aʻe e like me aphids a me kekahi protozoa. He scavenger nui nā Earwigs i ke kaiaola, e hānai ʻana i nā mea āpau e ʻai ʻia. Hiki i nā Earwigs ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna aphid, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka helu o nā mea kanu i luku ʻia e nā mea ʻino.
Ma muli o ka hūnā ʻana o nā earwigs i nā wahi pouli a maʻū hoʻi, ʻike pinepine lākou i ke ala i loko o nā hale. He mea ʻino ʻole kēia mau mea kolo i nā kānaka, akā ʻo ko lākou ʻala maikaʻi ʻole a me ko lākou helehelena e lilo ai lākou i mau malihini i makemake ʻole ʻia i ka hale. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i nā hua a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ke ʻai lākou iā lākou.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopōʻino ka earwig i nā mea kanu, nā pua a me nā māla i nā heluna nui. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kanu waiwai kūʻai āna e ʻai ai me nā kale, cauliflower, celery, lettuce, kaʻuala, beets a me ka kukama, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Pau koke lākou i ka palaoa kulina a hiki ke hōʻino i nā mea kanu. Hoʻopōʻino lākou i ka plum ʻōpio a me nā kumulāʻau peach i ka wā mua o ka wā punahele ke loaʻa ʻole nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, ʻai i nā pua a me nā lau i ka pō.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Earwig
ʻAʻole pilikia ka Earwigs. Ke piʻi mau nei kā lākou helu a me ka hāʻawi. Ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he mau pepelu ʻino, ʻoiai ka luku ʻana i kekahi mau mea make. ʻAʻole makemake nui ka poʻe i ka earwig ma muli o kona pilau a me ka ʻano hoʻonāukiuki e hōʻuluʻulu i loko a kokoke paha i nā hale kanaka.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano biological e kāohi ai i nā earwigs, me kekahi o kona ʻenemi kūlohelohe, e like me ka Erynia forficulae fungus, ka Bigonicheta spinipenni a me Metarhizium anisopliae lele, a me nā ʻano manu he nui. Ua hoʻolauna maikaʻi ʻia nā insecticides, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pili iki kēia mau ʻano hana i earwigs. ʻO nā insecticides multipurpose no ka kaohi ʻana i nā earwigs, nā ʻūhini a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe i maʻa mau.
Mea hoihoi: Diazinon, kahi insecticide organophosphate e hoʻomau i ka pepehi ʻana i nā earwigs a i 17 mau lā ma hope o ka pīpī mua ʻana.
Earwig He mea ʻaihue kūlohelohe ia o kekahi mau mea hoʻomakeʻai mahiʻai ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ʻano aphids, a no laila ua hoʻohana ʻia e kaohi i nā maʻi ahulau. ʻO nā mea i hōʻino ʻia e F. auricularia i nā mea kanu i kaupalena ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia i ka heluna nui o nā kolo ʻē aʻe. No laila, hoʻoikaika ka poʻe e hoʻohana pono iā F. auricularia i ka kaohi pest.
Lā paʻi: 08/14/2019
Lā hou: 09/25/2019 ma 14:11
