Krill ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi, like me ka ʻōpō e kolo i ka nui a hana i ka hapa nui o ka ʻai o nā koholā, nā penguins, nā kai kai, nā sila a me nā iʻa. ʻO "Krill" kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe e pili ana i 85 mau ʻano o nā ʻauʻauʻau manuahi i ka moana ākea, i ʻike ʻia he euphausiids. ʻO ka Antarctic krill kekahi o nā ʻano krill ʻelima i loaʻa ma ke Kai Hema, ma ka hema o ka Antarctic Convergence.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Creel
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo krill mai ka Norse manaʻo no ka iʻa ʻōpio, akā hoʻohana ʻia ia i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he generic no nā euphausiids, kahi ʻohana o nā crustacea kai pelagic i loaʻa ma nā kai o ka honua. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo krill i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka euphausiid species i loaʻa i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā koholā i hopu ʻia ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau.
Video: Krill
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻOiai e holo ana i ka wai Antarctic, ʻike paha ʻoe i kahi ʻālohilohi ʻano ʻē i ka moana. He puʻu krill ia, e hoʻomālamalama ana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā meaola bioluminescent i nā wahi like ʻole o ke kino o kahi krill pākahi: hoʻokahi o nā ʻāpana ma ka maka o ka maka, kekahi paʻa ma nā ʻūhā o ka lua a me ka hiku o nā wāwae thoracic, a me nā mea hoʻokahi ma ka ʻōpū. Hoʻouna kēia mau ʻōnaehana i kekahi kukui melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ʻelua a ʻekolu paha kekona.
Aia he 85 mau ʻano krill mai ka liʻiliʻi loa, a he mau mile ka lōʻihi, a hiki i ka nui o ke kai hohonu hohonu, he 15 knm ka lōʻihi.
Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i nā euphausiids mai nā crustacean ʻē aʻe:
- hōʻike ʻia nā gills ma lalo o ke kaʻa, ʻaʻole like me ka nui o nā crustacea ʻē aʻe, i uhi ʻia me ke kaʻa;
- aia nā lālā luminous (photophores) ma ke kumu o nā ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, a me nā hui pākahi o nā photophores ma ka ʻāpana genital o ka cephalothorax, ma kahi o nā waha waha a ma nā koʻokoʻo o ka maka e hana i ke kukui polū.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke krill
ʻO ka outline laulā o ke kino krill e like me ka nui o nā crustacea i ʻike nui ʻia. ʻO ke poʻo i hoʻopili ʻia a me ke kino - cephalothorax - loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā mea o loko - ka digestive gland, ʻōpū, ka puʻuwai, nā ʻōpū wahine a me waho, nā hoʻopili sensory - ʻelua mau maka nunui a ʻelua mau antennae.
Hoʻololi nā lālā o ka cephalothorax i nā pākuʻi hānai kūikawā nui; ʻeiwa mau ʻāpana waha i hoʻololi ʻia no ka hana ʻana a me ke ʻoki ʻana i nā meaʻai, a ʻeono a ʻewalu mau lālā ohi-ʻohiʻohi hopu i nā mea ʻai mai ka wai a hoʻouna i loko o ka waha.
Aia i loko o ka ʻōpū muscular ʻelua mau pā ʻelua ʻau o ka ʻauʻau (pleopods) e neʻe i kahi kahena mālie. ʻOi aku ka kaumaha o Krill ma mua o ka wai a lana pono i luna, ʻau i loko o nā puhū, kikoʻi ʻia e nā hopena pōkole o ke koena. ʻO ka Krill translucent me nā maka ʻeleʻele nui, ʻoiai ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula ko lākou pūpū. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kā lākou ʻōnaehana digestive, a loaʻa pinepine i nā ʻōuli ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ka pigment o nā mea kanu microscopic a lākou i ʻai ai. ʻO kahi krill mākua ma kahi o 6 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma luna o 1 gram.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Krill ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu kūlohelohe i kā lākou pūpū i mea e pakele koke ai. I nā manawa paʻakikī, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi i ka nui, mālama i ka ikehu, noho liʻiliʻi ʻoiai lākou e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā pūpū ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i ka nui.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo krill?
Kiʻi: ʻAkelanika krill
ʻO Antarctic krill kekahi o nā holoholona he nui loa ma ka Honua. ʻO ka Moana Hema wale nō i loko o 500 miliona ton o krill. ʻO ka biomass paha o kēia laha ke nui loa ma waena o nā holoholona multicellular āpau ma ka honua.
I ka lilo ʻana o krill i ʻano kanaka makua, ʻākoakoa lākou i loko o nā kula nunui a i ʻole nā puʻu nui, i kekahi manawa e hohola ana i mau mile i nā ʻaoʻao āpau, me nā mano o nā krill i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kēlā me kēia mika cubic o ka wai, e ʻulaʻula ana a ʻalani paha ka wai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I kekahi mau manawa o ka makahiki, ʻākoakoa ʻo krill i loko o nā kula ākea a pālahalaha a hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kahi ākea.
Aia kekahi noiʻi hou e hōʻike ana he mea nui ka krill i ka hopena o ke kalapona o ke kai Hema. Hoʻokomo ka Antarctic krill i ka like o 15.2 miliona mau kaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a i ʻole ma kahi o 0.26% o ka makahiki anthropogenic CO2 emissions, e like me kahi hōʻike i paʻi ʻia e ka Antarctic-Southern Ocean Coalition. Kūleʻa pū ʻo Krill i ka neʻe ʻana i nā meaʻai mai ke kai kai a hiki i ka papa, e loaʻa ana iā lākou i ka pae holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻano kai.
Kākoʻo kēia mau mea āpau i ka mea nui o ka mālama ʻana i kahi heluna nui o ke kanaka krill olakino. ʻO kekahi mau ʻepekema, nā luna lawaiʻa kūwaho, nā kai kai a me nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, a ke mālama nei nā mea mālama i ke kaulike ʻana i ka ʻoihana krill waiwai me ka pale ʻana i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he kī nui no kekahi o nā kaiaola ʻoi loa o ka honua.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ʻo krill. E nānā kāua i ka mea a kēia holoholona e ʻai ai.
ʻAi ʻo krill?
Kiʻi: Arctic Krill
ʻO Krill kahi kumuwaiwai hānai nui, e ʻai ana i nā mea kanu lāʻau i hoʻopau ʻia (microscopically) ma ke Kai Hema a ma kahi liʻiliʻi, nā holoholona planktonic (zooplankton). Makemake pū ʻo Krill e hānai i ka limu i hōʻiliʻili ma lalo o ka hau hau.
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ke kumu he nui ka Antarctic krill ka wai o ke kai Hema a puni ʻo Antarctica i waiwai nui o ka fitoplankton a me nā limu e ulu ana ma lalo o ka hau kai.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole mau ka hau kai a puni ʻo Antarctica, e hopena ana i nā fluctuations i nā heluna krill. ʻO ka West Antarctic Peninsula, kahi o nā wahi hoʻomehana wikiwiki loa o ka honua, ua ʻike i ka lilo nui o ka hau i nā makahiki he hala i hala.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohana lākou i nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, e like me nā limu e ulu ana ma ka lalo o ka ʻeke pack, detritus ma ke kai, a me nā holoholona wai ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā Krill ke ola no nā wā lōʻihi (a hiki i 200 mau lā) me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai a ʻemi paha i ka lōʻihi ke wī lākou.
No laila, ʻai ʻo krill i ka phytoplankton, nā mea kanu unicellular microscopic e ʻauheʻe kokoke i ka ʻilikai o ke kai a noho i ka lā a me ka dioxide kalapona. ʻO Krill iho kahi meaʻai nui no nā holoholona he haneli ʻē aʻe, mai ka iʻa liʻiliʻi a i nā manu i nā koholā baleen.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Crr shrimp
Hōʻalo ʻo Krill i nā mea hōkai ma ka hohonu ma ka moana Antarctic, ma kahi o 97 mau mika ma lalo o ka ʻili. I ka pō, piʻi lākou i luna o ka wai e ʻimi nei i ka phytoplankton.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki ke ola i ka Antarctic krill a hiki i 10 mau makahiki, kahi ola lōʻihi kamahaʻo no kahi mea ola i lawe pio ʻia e nā mea he nui.
He lehulehu nā ʻano krill. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, mau nā krill swarms i ka hohonu o ka wai i ke ao, a piʻi wale i luna i ka pō. ʻAʻole maopopo ʻole ke kumu e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻōhū ma ka ʻili i ke ao ākea.
ʻO kēia ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana i nā poʻe i hoʻohihi lākou i ka lawaiʻa kālepa. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka mānoanoa o ke krill i nā kula me kahi biomass o kekahi mau ʻumi kilokika a me ke kiʻiona ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 miliona mau holoholona ma ka mika cubic o ka wai kai.
Hiki i ka moʻo ke hoʻolōʻihi i nā wahi nui, keu hoʻi ma Antarctica, kahi i ana ʻia ai ka poʻe ʻo Antarctic krill e uhi ana i kahi ʻāpana o 450 mau kilomika kilomika a manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa ana ma kahi o 2 miliona ton o krill. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano krill e ʻohiʻohi ʻia i kēia manawa a hana i nā swarms o ka ʻili, a ʻo kēia hana e huki ai i ka nānā iā lākou ma ke ʻano he waiwai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Antarctic krill
Hele nā larvae ʻauʻau ma nā ʻeiwa o ka hoʻomohala. Ua oʻo nā kāne ma kahi o 22 mau mahina, nā wahine ma kahi o 25 mau mahina. I loko o ka wā spawning o ma kahi o ʻelima a me ka hapa mahina, waiho ʻia nā hua i ka hohonu o 225 mau mika.
Ke ulu nei nā larva krill, neʻe iki lākou i luna, e ʻai ana i nā meaola microscopic. Mai Ianuali a ʻApelila, hiki i nā concentrations o krill ma ka Moana Antarctic ke hōʻea i nā concentrations ma kahi o 16 kilokilo i kēlā me kēia kilomika kilomika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hoʻomoe ka wahine Antarctic krill i nā hua he 10,000 i ka manawa, i kekahi manawa i nā manawa he nui i kēlā me kēia kau.
Mālama kekahi mau ʻano krill i kā lākou mau hua i loko o ka ʻeke puʻupuʻu a hiki i ka hatch ʻana, akā, ʻo nā laha āpau e ʻohiʻohi ana i kā lākou mau hua i loko o ka wai kahi e ulu kūʻokoʻa ai lākou. Hele ʻo Krill i kahi mahele planktonic i ka wā ʻōpio, akā i ko lākou ulu ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokele i ko lākou kaiapuni a mālama iā lākou iho i kekahi mau wahi.
Kāhea ʻia ka hapa nui o nā krill mākua me nā micronektons, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūʻokoʻa ma mua o ka plankton, kahi e neʻe aku ai mai nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu i ke aloha o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai. Hoʻopili ka huaʻōlelo ʻo nekton i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole mai ke krill a i nā koholā.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o krill
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke krill
ʻO ka Antarctic krill ka loulou nui i ka kaulahao meaʻai: aia lākou kokoke i ka lalo, e hānai nui ana i ka phytoplankton a i kahi liʻiliʻi ma Zooplankton. Hana lākou i nā neʻe kū i luna i kēlā me kēia lā, e hāʻawi ana i ka meaʻai no nā mea ʻānai kokoke i ka papa i ka pō a i nā wai hohonu i ke ao.
ʻAi ʻia ka hapalua o nā krill āpau i kēlā me kēia makahiki e kēia mau holoholona:
- kohola;
- mau kai kai;
- nā sila;
- nā penguins;
- heʻe;
- iʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā koholā polū ke ʻai a 4 mau tona o ka krill i kēlā me kēia lā, a hiki i nā koholā baleen ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopau i nā kilokilo o krill i kēlā me kēia lā, akā kōkua ka ulu wikiwiki a me ka hana hou ʻana i kēia laha ʻaʻole e nalo.
Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Krill i kahi kūʻai, ʻo ka mea nui no ka hānai holoholona a me ka maʻa iʻa, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o krill i ka ʻoihana lāʻau. ʻAi ʻia lākou i nā ʻāpana o ʻAsia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he omega-3 kumukanawai i loko o ka United States. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻopihapiha ʻo Pope Francis i kāna papaʻai me ka aila krill, kahi antioxidant ikaika i waiwai i nā omega-3 fatty acid a me ka huaola D3.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lawaiʻa krill, ua nalowale kona wahi noho i ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ke Kai Hema - ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā kai ʻē aʻe. Pono ʻo Krill i ka hau kai a me ka wai anuanu e ola. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana e hoʻemi i ka ulu a me ka nui o ka plankton e hānai ai i ka krill, a ʻo ka lilo o ka hau o ke kai e luku i ka wahi e pale ai i nā krill a me nā meaola a lākou e ʻai ai.
No laila, ke emi ka ʻili o ke kai ma Antarctica, hoʻemi pū ka nui o ke krill. Kuhi kahi noiʻi hou inā hoʻomau ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka emissions CO2, hiki i ka Antarctic krill ke lilo ma kahi o 20% - a ma kekahi mau wahi nāwaliwali - a hiki i 55% - o kona wahi noho i ka hopena o ke kenekulia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Creel
ʻO ka Antarctic krill kekahi o nā mea nui o nā ʻano 85 krill a hiki ke ola i nā makahiki he ʻumi. Akoakoa lākou i nā hipa i loko o nā wai anuanu e pili ana iā Antarctica, a ʻo kā lākou helu i helu ʻia mai 125 miliona a i 6 biliona mau tona: ʻo ka nui o nā paona Antarctic krill i ʻoi aku i ka paona o nā kānaka āpau ma ka Honua.
Minamina, hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi ua hōʻole ʻia nā waihona krill e 80% mai nā makahiki 1970. Hāʻawi nā ʻepekema i kēia ma ka ʻāpana o ka lilo ʻana o ka uhi hau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻomehana honua. Lawe kēia nalowale hau i ke kumu waiwai nui o ka krill, algae hau. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema inā hoʻomau ka hoʻololi, e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ia i ke kaiaolaola. Aia kekahi mau hōʻike e ʻike paha nā paʻakikī o nā penguins macaroni a me nā sila e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e ʻohiʻohi lawa krill e kākoʻo i ko lākou heluna kanaka.
"ʻO kā mākou hopena e hōʻike ana, ma ka awelika, ua emi nā helu krill ma mua o 40 mau makahiki i hala iho nei, a ua hoʻemi ʻia kahi o krill i nā wahi liʻiliʻi loa. Hōʻike kēia i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe āpau e ʻai i ka krill e kū i mua o ka hoʻokūkū ikaika loa kekahi i kekahi no kēia kumuwaiwai waiwai nui, "i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Simeon Hill o ka British Antarctic Agency.
Ua hoʻomaka ka lawaiʻa kalepa ʻana no krill i nā makahiki 1970, a ʻo ka manaʻolana o ka lawaiʻa manuahi ʻana no ka Antarctic krill i alakaʻi i ka pūlima ʻia ʻana o kahi kuʻikahi lawaiʻa i ka makahiki 1981. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources e pale aku i ke kaiaolaola Antarctic mai nā hopena o nā lawaiʻa ulu wikiwiki, a e kōkua ai i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā koholā nui a me kekahi mau iʻa i hoʻohana ʻia.
Mālama ʻia ka lawaiʻa ma o ke kino o ka honua (CCAMLR) i hoʻonohonoho i ka palena hopu no ka krill ma muli o nā pono o ke koena o ke kaiaola. Ke aʻo nei nā ʻepekema ma ka mahele ʻāina Antarctic Australia i ka krill e hoʻomaopopo pono ai i kāna pōʻaiapuni ola a e hoʻokele maikaʻi i ka lawaiʻa.
Krill - he holoholona liʻiliʻi, akā nui loa no nā kai o ka honua. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā ʻano plankton nui loa. I loko o ka wai e pili ana iā Antarctica, he waiwai nui ka krill no nā penguin, baleen a me nā koholā polū (hiki ke ʻai i ʻehā tone o krill i kēlā me kēia lā), iʻa, kai kai a me nā mea kai ʻē aʻe.
Lā paʻi: 08/16/2019
Lā hou: 24.09.2019 ma 12:05
