Mackerel hoʻohui i nā pono i kūpono i nā kānaka: ʻono, ola a lehulehu a hana maikaʻi hou. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e hopu iā ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā nui, a i ka manawa like ʻole e hōʻino i ka lehulehu: ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe i ʻeha i ka lawaiʻa kaulike ʻana, ʻo ka mackerel ka mea hana nui i nā koina āpau.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Mackerel
Ua ʻike ʻia nā kūpuna o ka iʻa i ka wā ma mua loa - ma mua o 500 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka mea i hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia ʻo ia ka pikaya, kahi mea i ana ʻia 2-3 kenimika ka nui, ke nānā aku e like me ka ʻenuhe ma mua o kahi iʻa. ʻAʻohe peʻa o ka pikaya, a ʻau aku ʻo ia a kūlou kona kino. A ma hope wale o kahi lohi lohi i ʻike ʻia ai nā lālani mua e like me nā mea hou.
Ua hana ʻia kēia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā Triassic, i ka manawa like i kū mai ai ka papa o ka ray-finned, kahi a ka mackerel. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea kahiko loa o nā rayfins he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā mea hou o kēia manawa, ua noho like nā kumu o kā lākou biology. Akā hoʻi, ʻo ka iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia o ke au o Mesozoic ua aneane make a pau, a ʻo kēlā mau ʻano mea e noho ana i ka honua i kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia i ka wā Paleogene.
Video: Mackerel
Ma hope o ka luku ʻia i hana ʻia ma ka palena o ka Mesozoic a me Paleozoic, ma kahi o 66 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa - e like me nā kauoha ʻē aʻe. Ua lilo ka hana i mea nui i ikaika, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka iʻa i hoʻomaka e hoʻomake i nā kino wai, ua ʻemi ʻia ka make ʻana ma mua o nā holoholona wai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ka manawa, i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka wā hou, ua kū mai nā lunamakaʻāinana mua o ka ʻohana mackerel: ʻo ka Landanichthys a me Sphyraenodus i pau ʻole, a me ka genus bonito i ola a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO nā loaʻa kahiko o kēia mau iʻa ma mua o 65 miliona mau makahiki.
Ua ʻike ʻia mackerels ma hope iki, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Eocene, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o 55 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka manawa like, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā moʻokūʻauhau ʻē aʻe no ka ʻohana mackerel, a hoʻomaka ka pua maoli, a hoʻomau ʻia a hiki i kēia lā. Ua pau ka manawa o ka haʻihelu ʻoi loa o ka hana i kēlā manawa, akā ua hoʻomau ʻia ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia lāhui a me nā genera i nā au i hala.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka mackerel i wehewehe ʻia e K. Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758, loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo Scomber. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia no kēia iʻa i kapa ʻia ai ka ʻohana nona (mackerel) a ʻo ka detachment (mackerel) kekahi. Mai ka manaʻo o ka ʻauhau, ʻaʻole ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ka mea, mamao loa nā mackerels mai ka mua a hiki i ka ʻohana, akā ʻo kēia genus ka mea kaulana loa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka mackerel
ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika o kēia iʻa he 30-40 cm, ʻoi loa 58-63 knm. ʻO ka awelika o ke kanaka makua he 1-1.5 kg. Ua elongated kona kino, i ke ʻano o ka kālī. Kuhi ka ihu. Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia ia e nā ʻāpana pouli ʻano ʻino ma ke kua, ʻoiai ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻōpū iā lākou - ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kahi kala onionio i kahi kala paʻa i waenakonu o ke kino iʻa he ʻoi loa.
ʻO ka hope o ka mackerel he uliuli polū me ka sheen kila, a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū he silvery me kahi ʻano melemele. ʻO ka hopena, ke hōʻike ʻia ka mackerel ma kahi kokoke i ka papa, paʻakikī i nā manu ke ʻike aku iā ia, no ka mea, ua hui me ka wai i ke kala; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia kēia no ka ʻau ʻana o ka iʻa ma lalo, no ka mea, no lākou e hui pū nei me ke kala o ka lani, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma o ke kolamu wai.
Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka mackerel, eia kekahi, he mau lihilihi hou aʻe e ʻae iā ia e ʻau i ka wikiwiki a me ka maneuver maikaʻi aʻe. Loaʻa i nā ʻano āpau a koe ka ʻAkelanika he swimbladder: i ka hui pū ʻana me ke kino o ke kahawai a hoʻomohala ʻia nā mākala, ʻae kēia iā ia e ʻau i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a i 80 km / h.
Hiki i ka wikiwiki i loko o kahi kiola ʻoi loa i loko o ʻelua kekona wale nō, i like ia me ka wikiwiki o nā kaʻa wikiwiki loa, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa iā ia no kekona kekona. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻauʻau nā ʻano mackerel āpau i ka wikiwiki o 20-30 km / h, i kēia ʻano hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ka lā a ʻaʻole e luhi - akā no kēia mea pono lākou e ʻai nui.
Liʻiliʻi nā niho o Mackerel, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka hopu holoholona nui: paʻakikī loa e haehae i nā ʻiʻo me lākou, hiki iā lākou ke ʻu wale ma nā unahi nāwaliwali loa a me nā mea palupalu o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke piʻi aʻe kahi kula nui o ka mackerels i ka papakū loa o ka wai, a laila ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau iʻa, kupu mai kahi kani e hiki ke lohe ʻia ma kahi mamao o kahi mile keu.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mackerel?
Kiʻi: Mackerel Fish
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano o kēia iʻa kona laulā ponoʻī, ʻoiai ua hoʻopili hapa lākou:
- ʻIke ʻia ʻo ʻAkelanika mackerel ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau a loaʻa pū i ke kai Kaiwaenahonua. I ke anilā mahana hiki iā ia ke hōʻea i ke Kai Keʻokeʻo, a ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea āpau ma ka ʻĀkau;
- Noho nō hoʻi ka mackerel ʻApelika ma ka ʻAkelanika, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao hema aʻe, kuea ko lākou pae, mai ka Bay of Biscay mai. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma ka moku ʻo Canary Islands a me ka hapa hema o ke Kai ʻEleʻele. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke Kaiwaenahonua, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kona ʻaoʻao hema. Loaʻa nā ʻōpio a hiki i Kongo, akā ʻauʻau ka poʻe ʻākau i ka ʻākau;
- Noho ka mackerel Kepanī ma ke kapakai hikina o ʻAsia a puni ʻo Iapana, nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia, ma ka hikina hiki ke ʻike ʻia a hiki i Hawaii;
- ʻIke ʻia ka mackerel Australia ma kahakai o Australia, a ʻo New Guinea hoʻi, ʻo Philippines, Hainan a me Taiwan, Iapana, ma ka ʻākau, a hiki i nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril. Hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi mamao loa mai ka wahi nui: i ke Kaiʻula, ke Kai Kū ʻo Aden a me ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Peresia. ʻOiai ua lawaiʻa ʻia kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o ka Kepanī.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ola ka mackerel i loko o nā wai o ka mahana mahana: ʻaʻole lawa a mamao loa aku i ka ʻākau, i ke kai o ka Moana ʻAtika, a i nā wela wela hoʻi. I ka manawa like, eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa loa ka mehana o ka wai o nā kai āna e noho ai. ʻO ke kiko ma aneʻi nā neʻe kau o ka wā: neʻe i nā wahi i kahi o ka wai ma kahi mahana kūpono (10-18 ° C).
ʻO nā iʻa e noho ana ma ka moana ʻInikia ʻaʻole e neʻe: ʻo ka mahana o ka wai ma laila e loli iki i ka makahiki, a no laila ʻaʻole pono nā neʻe. ʻO kekahi poʻe e neʻe i kahi mamao loa, e laʻa, ʻauʻau ka mackerel o ke Kai ʻEleʻele i ka ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau i ka hoʻoilo - mahalo i nā kahe mahana, noho ka wai ma laila i ka pae kūpono loa. Ke hiki mai ka puna, hoʻi ʻo ia i kona ala.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka mackerel. E ʻike kāua i ka hana a kēia iʻa no ka meaʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka mackerel?
Kiʻi: Mackerel i ka wai
Pākuʻi ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi o kēia iʻa:
- iʻa liʻiliʻi;
- heʻe;
- plankton;
- larva a me nā hua manu.
ʻOiai heʻuʻuku ka mackerel, hoʻopau ia i ka plankton: kānana ia i ka wai a ʻai i nā ʻano crustacea liʻiliʻi i loko. ʻAi ʻia nō hoʻi i nā pāpaʻi liʻiliʻi, nā ʻūlū, nā kolo a me nā mea ola liʻiliʻi like ʻole, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawale nui ma waena o lākou.
Akā hiki iā ia ke komo i ka predation: e ʻimi no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi āpau. ʻO ka pinepine, hānai ia i ka hānai ʻōpio a i ʻole sprat mai ka iʻa. ʻO kēia papa kuhikuhi he ʻano maʻamau ia no nā iʻa makua, a me nā shoals hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i nā mea pio nui loa.
Hiki i ke kula nui o ka mackerel ke ʻimi holoholona koke ma nā kula o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻāʻo nei e pakele ma ka neʻe ʻana i luna pono o ka wai. A laila hoʻomaka ka huikau: ʻimi nā makika iā lākou iho i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, luʻu nā manu iā lākou, nā lūlū a me nā mea hōʻaiʻe nui ʻē aʻe e ʻau i ka walaʻau.
ʻAi pinepine ka Mackerel fry i kā lākou iho congeners. ʻOiai ʻo ka cannibalism ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā mākua: ʻo ka iʻa nui loa e ʻai pinepine i nā ʻōpio. Loaʻa ka makemake o ka mackerels āpau, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe Australia ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa no ka hoʻolei ʻana iā ia iho i kahi makau ʻole, no ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea āpau me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki ke hopu ʻia ʻo Mackerel, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ma muli o kona hiki ke ʻoi a ikaika hoʻi. Hiki iā ia ke hele i waho o ka lou, inā ʻūlū liʻiliʻi ʻoe - ʻo ia ke kumu i makemake nui ai nā poʻe leʻaleʻa haʻuki iā ia. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu iā ia mai ke kapakai, pono e hana ʻia mai kahi moku, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻalele pono ʻana i ke kahakai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Mīkini kai
ʻEleu lākou i ke ao a i ke ahiahi, hoʻomaha i ka pō. Ke ʻimi no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, hoʻolei koke lākou, pinepine mai kahi hoʻohālua. I ka wā o ka hoʻolei pōkole ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā wikiwiki loa, no laila paʻakikī loa e haʻalele iā lākou.
Pelagic ka iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, maʻa mau ka noho ʻana ma kahi hohonu pāpaʻu. Noho ia i nā shoal, a i kekahi manawa ua hui pū ʻia: me ka hoʻohui i nā mackerels iā lākou iho, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā sardine a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Mālama lākou i ka ʻimi ʻelua i nā hipa a me nā mele. Ke ʻimi like pū, piʻi pinepine nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i luna, kahi e hoʻomau ai ka alualu ʻana o ka mackerels iā lākou.
A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻo nā mea ʻiʻo wai ʻē aʻe, hoihoi i ka mea e hana nei, a me nā manu, nā manu ʻiʻo o ke kai, komo i loko o ka pāʻani - no laila huli kekahi mau mackerels mai nā poʻe hahai holoholona i holoholona pio, no ka mea ua lilo ka makaʻala ke ʻimi lākou e hopu i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Akā pili kēia mau mea i ke kau mahana. No kekahi mau mahina hoʻoilo, hoʻololi maoli ka mackerel i kona ʻano o ke ola a hāʻule i kahi ʻano hibernation. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia he hibernation holoʻokoʻa, ʻākoakoa ka iʻa i nā hui nui i nā lua hoʻoilo, a noho mau ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi - a no laila ʻaʻole ʻai i kekahi mea.
Noho ʻo Mackerel no kahi manawa lōʻihi - 15-18 mau makahiki, i kekahi manawa 22-23 mau makahiki. Ulu ʻoi aku ka lohi a me ka lohi me ka makahiki, ʻo ka makahiki ʻoi loa no ka hopu ʻana i manaʻo ʻia he 10-12 mau makahiki - i kēia manawa ua hōʻea i kahi nui nui, a lilo kaʻiʻo i mea ʻono loa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Mackerel
Noho nā Mackerels i nā kula, mai ka iʻa o ka laha like, a hui pū ʻia, me ka hānai pinepine, no laila hopu pinepine ʻia lākou. Ua nalowale nā iʻa o ka like i loko o nā kula, kākaʻikahi loa ka iʻa nui 10-15 mau makahiki a ʻōpio loa e ʻike ʻia i loko o lākou. Puka mai ia mai ka makahiki ʻelua, a ma hope e hana ai kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka mea mua i hānau i nā mākeke mākua loa, i hōʻea i 10-15 mau makahiki, i ka heluna ʻAkelanika e kū nei kēia ma ʻApelila. A laila hele mālie nā ʻōpio i ka huaʻō, a pēlā a hiki i nā pule hope o Iune, ke iʻa i ka makahiki 1-2 mau makahiki.
Ma muli o ka hana hou makahiki a me ka nui o nā hua i lūlū ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa (ma kahi o 500,000 mau hua no kēlā me kēia kanaka), hānai wikiwiki ʻia ka mackerel, a ʻoiai me ka nui o nā hoʻoweliweli a me nā lawaiʻa kālepa, aia ka nui o ia. No ka lawaiʻa ʻana, hele ka iʻa i ka wai mehana kokoke i ke kapakai, akā i ka manawa like e koho i kahi hohonu a hoʻomoe i nā hua ma ka hohonu o 150-200 m. Hāʻawi kēia i ka pale mai nā mea ʻai caviar he nui, me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e ʻau ʻole hohonu.
Liʻiliʻi nā hua, ma kahi o ka millimeter ke anawaena, akā i kēlā me kēia, me ka hoʻohui i ka embryo, aia kekahi kulu momona, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻai i ka mua. Ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka mackerel, ʻauʻau ʻo ia, ʻoiai e moe nā hua no 10-20 mau lā no ka hana ʻana o ka larva. Pili ka manawa kikoʻī i nā palena o ka wai, ʻo ka mea mua, kona ana wela, no laila e hoʻāʻo ka mackerel e koho i kahi mehana no ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
ʻO ka larva hānau hou wale nō ka mea pale ʻole i nā predators a me ka hakakā loa iā ia iho. Hoʻopilikia ʻo ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi a ʻano palupalu paha, a ʻai i nā mea pio, inā ua lanakila ʻo ia iā ia - he ʻano ʻē kāna makemake. Me ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. Ke ʻike ʻia i ka lōʻihi, ʻo ka larva he 3 mm wale nō ia, akā, e hānai ikaika ana, hoʻomaka ia e ulu me ka wikiwiki. Ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai no kēlā me kēia, make ka hapa nui o lākou i kēia wā, akā ulu ke koena a 4-5 cm i ka hāʻule - akā naʻe, noho liʻiliʻi lākou a pale ʻole.
Ma hope o kēia, hala ka wā o ka ulu ulu pono, lilo ka iʻa i mea ʻemi koko ʻole, a me ke ʻano o kā lākou hana e hoʻomaka a like me ka poʻe mākua. Akā i ka wā e oʻo makua ai nā mackerels, ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o lākou a hoʻomau lākou e ulu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka mackerel
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka mackerel
He nui nā iʻa predatory a me nā holoholona kai ʻē aʻe e alualu i ka mackerel.
I waena o lākou:
- manō;
- nā ʻāpāpā;
- tuna;
- pelicans;
- liona kai.
ʻOiai ʻo ia ke ʻauʻau wikiwiki, paʻakikī iā ia ke pakele mai nā mea ʻiʻo nui no ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui. No laila, ke hoʻouka ʻia ka iʻa nui, hiki i ka ʻohana ke holo wale i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. I kēia hihia, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke hilinaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hele ka mea ʻimi iā ia.
I ka manawa like, hiki i nā mea hōʻaiʻe iā lākou iho ke hoʻouka i nā hui i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a laila kaumaha nui ke kula o ka mackerels, no hoʻokahi hoʻouka kaua hiki ke hoʻēmi ʻia e ka hapahā. Akā i loko o nā shoals huikau, ʻoi aku ka makaʻala o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka maneuverable o ka mackerels.
Ke kū ka iʻa i ka papa o ka wai, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻoweliweli i nā hoʻouka ʻana o nā manu nui a me nā mea hānai kai. ʻO nā liona kai a me nā pelicans ke aloha nui iā ia. ʻOiai ke māʻona lākou me nā mea pio ʻē aʻe, kali pinepine lākou i ka mackerel, no ka mea, he mea ʻono nā kāna momona momona na lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke kūʻai ʻana i ka mackerel paʻahau, he mea nui e hoʻolohe i nā ʻōuli he nui e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo ua mālama pono ʻia ia akā ʻaʻole pau. Pono ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ʻōlinolino a paʻa, me ka ʻole o nā ʻāwīwī ma ka ʻili - ke ʻano o ia ʻaʻole ia i luku ma mua.
Pono ka momona o kaʻiʻo. Inā haikea a melemele paha ia, ua lawaiʻa ʻia ka iʻa i ka wā kahiko loa a hoʻomāwele ʻia i ka wā e waiho ai a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana. Hōʻike ka nui o ka hau i ka mālama kūpono ʻole, no laila e hemo paha ka ʻiʻo.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Mackerel Fish
ʻAʻole kū ke kūlana o ka genus o ka mackerel i ka makaʻu, a me kēlā me kēia ʻano. Hoʻonui wikiwiki kēia mau iʻa a noho i kahi ākea, no laila, he nui loa o lākou i loaʻa i loko o ka wai o nā moana o ka honua. ʻIke ʻia ka kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe ma kahakai o ʻEulopa a me Iapana.
Aia kahi lawaiʻa hana, no ka mea, mahalo nui ʻia ka ʻiʻo, ʻike ʻia ia e kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka momona momona (ma kahi o 15%) a me kahi nui o ka wikamina B12, a me nā huaora a me nā microelement ʻē aʻe. He mea nui nō hoʻi ʻaʻohe iwi liʻiliʻi o loko. Ua lilo kēia iʻa i mea kaulana loa ma ʻEulopa a me Lūkia.
He mea kaulana ia i Iapana, kahi e paʻa paʻa ʻia ai, a hoʻohui ʻia, hānai ʻia ia - mahalo i kāna hana hou ʻana, pono ia e hana i kēia ʻoiai ʻo ka ulu lohi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike wikiwiki ʻia ia i nā kūlana o ka hoʻoulu hānai, akā ʻo ka mea maikaʻi ʻole e ulu ʻole ka iʻa i ka nui e like me ke ʻano kūlohelohe.
Hopu ʻia ʻo Mackerel me nā pono, nā ʻupena, nā lei, nā ʻūpā. ʻOhiʻohi pinepine ʻia ia i nā lua hoʻoilo, kahi e piha ai ka lehulehu. Akā ʻoiai ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻaʻohe emi o ka nui o ka mackerel, kūpaʻa ia, a i ʻole ulu pū paha - no laila, i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaka ka nui o ka mea i loaʻa ma ka Moana Pākīpika.
E like me kahi predator liʻiliʻi ʻakaʻakai kū paʻa i kahi i loko o ke kaulahao meaʻai: ʻai ʻo ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, a hānai ia i nā mea ʻino nui aʻe. No ka poʻe he nui, ʻo kēia iʻa i waena o nā mea pio nui, a me ka ʻole o ia, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ola no lākou. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka poʻe, ʻeleu pū kekahi lākou i ka hopu ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i kēia iʻa.
Lā paʻi: 08/16/2019
Lā hou: 08/16/2019 ma 0:46
