ʻĀʻā He makana i makemake ʻia no nā lawaiʻa āpau, haʻaheo ia i kahi, ma nā leʻaleʻa a me nā lawaiʻa kālepa. ʻO ka nui nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka a me ka manawa kūpono e hopu i ka bream i ka makahiki āpau e hoʻonui i ka lawaiʻa. Inā ma ka waena konu o ka ʻāina i kapa ʻia kēia ʻano iʻa bream, a laila ma nā wahi hema o Lūkia ʻike ʻia lākou he kilak a i ʻole chebaks. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻiʻo Bream e kona palupalu, ʻono lahilahi, nui nui o nā waikawa momona a noho i kahi kūpono i ka kuke ʻana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Bream
ʻO Bream kahi ʻano monopona, ʻo ia wale nō ka lunamaka o kahi genus kū hoʻokahi o ka bream mai ka ʻohana carp lehulehu. No ka iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Bream, nā mōʻalihaku o ia au no ke kolu o ka manawa o ka Paleozoic, a ʻo kēia ma kahi o ʻehā 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Video: Bream
ʻOiai ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi o ka genus, hāʻawi nā ichthyologists i nā ʻano iʻa he 16 iā ia, akā ʻekolu wale nō mau hui i ola a hiki i kēia lā:
- bream maʻamau;
- Danube;
- Hikina.
Kūlike lākou a pau i kekahi i kekahi i ko lākou nui. ʻOiai ʻo ka bream kahi mea i makemake ʻia e nā lawaiʻa āpau, he hapa nui o lākou e kuhi hewa i ka bream ʻōpio no kahi ʻano iʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia i inoa - bastard. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻokoʻa o ka helehelena o ka ʻōpio ma mua o ka poʻe mākua. I ka ichthyology, ʻaʻohe hua e like me ka mea hānai. ʻO ka pinepine, nā poʻe lawaiʻa ʻike ʻole i ke kānalua i ka bream ʻōpio me ka bream kālā, no ka ʻohana carp a he mau ʻokoʻa kūwaho wale nō mai ka mea hānai.
Mea hoihoi: manaʻo kekahi poʻe he iwi nui ka bream a he ʻai maloʻo kāna, akā pili wale kēia i nā holoholona ʻōpio, a ʻo ka ʻiʻo makua e manaʻo ʻia e like me ka momona e like me beluga a hiki i ka 9 pākēneka o ka momona olakino.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka bream
Loaʻa i nā pūʻulu laha ʻekolu o ka bream kahi kino poepoe i kaomi ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ke kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hapakolu o kona lōʻihi. ʻO nā unahi o ka nui kaulike ma waenakonu o ke kino a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka wahi o ke poʻo a me ka huelo. ʻAʻohe nā unahi ma waena o nā pelvic a me nā anal anal, a ma ka midline o ka anterior dorsum. Kiʻekiʻena ka fin dorsal, akā pōkole, me ka ʻole o ke kākalaioa, aia ma luna o ke āpau ma waena o nā anal a me nā pelvic. ʻO ka fin fin he heluna nui o nā kukuna, kahi e emi ai ma lalo o ʻumikūmālua.
I nā mākua o ka bream maʻamau, hina ka hope a ʻeleʻele paha, ʻulaʻula ke gula o nā ʻaoʻao, a melemele ka ʻōpū. Hinahina nā finina a pau me ka palena pouli. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka bream, he puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ka waha i hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia. I nā mākua, hana ʻia nā niho pharyngeal i ka lālani hoʻokahi, he 5 mau ʻāpana ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka waha. ʻO ka bream he ʻumi makahiki ka lōʻihi o 70-80 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai e kiʻi ana i kahi kaupaona o 5-6 kg.
ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā ʻōpio mai ka poʻe moekolohe.
- heʻuʻuku ko lākou kino nui;
- kala kala māmā;
- ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino.
Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano bream ke ʻeleʻele i ke kala, ʻo kahi laʻana, ka ʻeleʻele Amur bream, nona kahi noho palena - ke kahawai ʻo Amur. He ʻano liʻiliʻi loa ia a hoʻomaopopo iki ʻole ʻia kona ola.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka brood mai ka bream kālā e ke kala o nā peʻa - i ka bream ʻōpio he hina lākou, a me ka bream kālā - ʻulaʻula.
Ma hea e noho ai ka bream?
Kiʻi: Bream ma Lūkia
Noho kēia ʻano iʻa i ka nui i nā kahawai, nā loko, nā waihona wai me kahi one a lepo paha. Uhi kā lākou nohona kūlohelohe i nā ipu o ka Black, Caspian, Azov, Baltic, Aral, Barents a me ke kai Keʻokeʻo.
I nā wai wai o nā kahawai nui hohonu e kahe ana i loko o kēia mau kai, aia kahi ʻano semi-anadromous o ka bream i komo i loko o nā wai o nā kahawai no ka hoʻoulu ʻana. ʻAʻole loaʻa ia i nā kahawai kiʻekiʻe mauna a me nā loko o ka Caucasus, a me nā ʻāina hema o ka CIS. He iʻa maʻamau ʻo Bream no ʻAkau, ʻEulopa waena, ʻAkau ʻAkau, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
Makemake ʻo Bream i loko o nā kino wai kahi liʻiliʻi a ʻaole paha e kū nei. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i nā backwaters, nā lua hohonu. ʻAʻohe kokoke nā mākua i kahakai, e mālama nei i kahi mamao loa mai kahakai. Makemake nā ʻōpio i ka wai kahakai, kahi e peʻe ai i nā ulu lāʻau kahakai. Moe i loko o nā lua hohonu, a puka kekahi mau ʻano mai nā kahawai i loko o ke kai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Loaʻa ka lawaiʻa no ka bream i loko o ka makahiki, ʻo ka mea ʻokoʻa wale nō ka wā hānau. Loaʻa ʻia i ka wai hāmama i ke kau mahana a mai ka hau i nā mahina hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaka ka zhor i ka mua o Iune a mau a hiki i ke kau waena o ke kauwela, a laila hoʻomaka hou i Kepakemapa. I nā wā o ka zhora, nahu ka bream i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka iʻa bream. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka bream?
Kiʻi: Lāʻau iʻa
Hiki iā Bream ke hānai pololei mai lalo o ka waihona ma muli o ke ʻano kūikawā o kona waha. E puhi maoli ka poʻe mākua i ka lepo a i ʻole ke one i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a i loko o kahi manawa pōkole, hiki i nā kula nunui o ka bream ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā wahi nui o ka wahi o lalo. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka bream i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana e hoʻopuka i kahi nui o nā huʻa ea e piʻi ana i luna mai ka lalo.
No ka mea he nāwaliwali nā niho pharyngeal o kēia iʻa, ʻo kāna papaʻai maʻamau nā: nā pūpū, nā limu, nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā ʻiʻo koko, nā nīnū a me nā larva o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. I ka wā o ka hānai ʻana, komo ka wai i ka wai me ka meaʻai, a laila mālama ʻia me ke kōkua o nā ulu kūikawā. Ua ʻae ka hana hānai kū hoʻokahi i kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana cyprinid e lilo i ʻano laha i ko lākou nohona kūlohelohe a ʻomi nui i ka bream kālā, roach a me kekahi ʻano o nā iʻa muliwai.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka lua hoʻi o ka hapalua o ka hapa, hana ʻole ka bream, ʻai liʻiliʻi a ʻilihuna hoʻi. ʻO kēia ka kumu o ka hemahema o ka oxygen a me nā mahana o ka wai haʻahaʻa, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā kinoea ma lalo o ka hau, a laila hoʻoheheʻe hapa ʻia i ka wai.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻO ka bream makua i ola no 10-15 mau makahiki hiki ke loaʻa ke kaupaona ma mua o 8 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 75 centimita. I nā wai mehana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu ma mua o nā wai anuanu. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole kaumaha nui nā kānaka e noho ana i nā kahawai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Bream i loko o ka wai
He iʻa kaiāulu ʻo Bream e ʻākoakoa i nā hui nui. Ma ke poʻo o ka ʻohana he mau mākua nunui i hoʻonohonoho i nā neʻe. I ke kau mahana, aia nā waihona iʻa i nā wahi me nā kahe nāwaliwali a i ʻole ka wai kūmau a hānai pinepine. ʻOiai he ʻano hilahila a akahele hoʻi ka bream, aia ia i kahi hohonu i ke ao, ʻoiai i ka pō e hele nui ka poʻe e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, a ʻo kēia ka manawa i manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka lawaiʻa
Noho lākou i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo i loko o nā lua "hoʻoilo," a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻoheheʻe ka hau, hele ka bream i kā lākou mau wahi hānai. Noho mau nā Breams i ko lākou mau wahi hoʻoilo i kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho. Noho nā kānaka nunui a pau i nā wahi hohonu, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea liʻiliʻi a i ka manawa like me he mea lā e hoʻopili ʻia ka iʻa i ka nui.
Manaʻo nā Ichthyologists ʻaʻole i koho wale ʻia ka hui kūikawā o ka hoʻoilo. Me kēia hoʻonohonoho, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika o nā hana metabolic i loko o ka mea iʻa ma mua o ka hoʻoilo wale nō, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka ikaika.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano sedentary o ka bream, i neʻe ʻole i nā kino wai ʻē aʻe no ka hānai ʻana a hānai ʻana paha, hiki ke ola i 30 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ʻano semi-bore he pōʻaiapuni ola ʻelua mau pōkole.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Bream i loko o ka wai
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke aniau, lilo ka bream i moekolohe ma nā manawa like ʻole. I nā wahi mehana i ka makahiki o 3-5 mau makahiki, i nā wai anuanu, hiki i ka wā ʻōpio ma 6-9 mau makahiki. Hoʻopili ke aniau i ka manawa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hānau keiki: ma ka waena konu o ka ʻāina, hoʻomaka ka hānau keiki ma ka mua o Mei, i kekahi manawa i Iune, ma ka hema o ʻApelila, ma ka ʻākau wale nō ma Iulai.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi wā nui, hoʻololi nā kāne i ko lākou kala i kahi pōuliuli, a ʻike ʻia nā tubercles kikoʻī ma ko lākou mau poʻo, e like me nā warts liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi ʻohana o ka bream i nā hui ʻokoʻa e like me ka makahiki. ʻAʻole haʻalele ka pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa no ka hānau ʻana i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā i nā hui kekahi ma hope o kekahi. Puka mai kēlā me kēia o lākou mai 3 a 5 mau lā, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ke aniau. No nā wahi e hānau ai, koho ʻia nā wahi wai pāpaʻu me ka nui o nā mea kanu. Maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ka bream spawning - ko lākou pālahalaha, kua nui i hope i kēlā me kēia manawa ma luna o ka wai. Nānā ʻole i ka nohona o ka bream a me ke anilā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana ma hoʻokahi mahina.
Hiki i hoʻokahi kanaka makua ke kau i ka 150,000 mau hua i ka manawa. Hoʻopili ka wahine i nā ʻopa me ka caviar melemele i ka limu, a ʻo nā mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻopili ʻia e lana i ka ʻili a ʻai ʻia e ka iʻa. Ma hope o 6-8 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā lūlū, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina ʻike ʻia ka palai. Inā hāʻule ka mahana ma lalo o 10 kekelē, a laila hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka make nui o nā hua.
I ka wā mua, ʻauʻau ka palai me nā ʻōpio o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ʻole i ke kauwela hele lākou i nā kula nui. Ke ʻimi mau nei lākou i ka meaʻai a ulu a ʻumi kenimika ka lōʻihi i loko o ʻelua mau mahina. I loko o ka papa hana, e noho lākou a hiki i ka wā puna, a ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kahi hana nui, hele ka poʻe mākua i ka hohonu a, i ka maʻi ʻana, hoʻomaka hou e hānai hou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka bream
Kiʻi: Lāʻau iʻa
ʻOi aku ka manawa o ke kōpaʻa o ke bream i ke ola i ka hoʻomaka o kā lākou pōʻaiapuni ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōpio o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia lākou e nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana. Aia ia i ka makahiki mua a i ʻole ʻelua paha ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana e maʻalahi loa ka poʻe ʻōpio a hiki ke ʻai ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue he nui, e like me nā pikes. I ka makahiki ʻekolu o lākou, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli maoli ʻia lākou, akā hiki i ka iʻa a i ʻole nā kānaka nui o nā pikes lalo ke lele kūleʻa i ka bream makua.
Ma waho aʻe o kekahi iʻa predatory, hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia genus kūikawā e kekahi ʻano o nā parasite, kahi e kau nui ai i nā kino o ka bream. Komo lākou i loko o ka wai me nā feces o nā manu like ʻole e hānai i nā iʻa, a laila pū me nā meaʻai a lākou e ʻike ai i loko o ka bream. Ke hoʻomohala nei i nā ʻōpū o nā iʻa, hiki i nā parasites ke pepehi i nā mākua ikaika.
ʻEhaʻeha ka iʻa iā lākou i nā mahina kau wela, ke hoʻomehana maikaʻi ʻia ka wai i nā waihona e nā kukuna o ka lā. Saliteter a me kahi maʻi fungal o nā gills - weliweli loa ka bronchimicosis. ʻO ka poʻe nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali e hoʻōki i ka ʻai maʻamau a lilo pinepine i nā ʻoka o nā waihona o nā waihona - gulls, nā pikes nui. ʻOiai nā mea ʻino i hana ʻia e nā parasites, ʻaʻohe o lākou hopena i ka helu o kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana carp.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: bream maʻamau
Hiki ke loli ka nui o ka bream i ka nui o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ke kūlana nui no ka hānai ʻana he wai hālana kiʻekiʻe. I kēia mau lā, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻemi o ka nui o nā kahua e hānau ai, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili i ka ulu o ka heluna kanaka o kēia laha.
Akā mahalo i ka momona kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio, kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi i ko lākou wahi maoli, ka lehulehu o kahi lunamakaʻāinana kūlike ʻole o ka genus o ka bream, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia manawa a kūpaʻa kona kūlana. ʻO ka bream Amur ʻeleʻele wale nō, ka mea i helu ʻia i ka Buke Ula o Rūsia, i ka makaʻu.
Liʻiliʻi ka lawaiʻa bream i kēia manawa. Lawe wale ʻia ia i ke kau puna a me ke kau kau. Hāʻawi nā lula lawaiʻa e kū nei i kahi hoʻohana kūpono o ka heluna nui o ka bream. No ka mālama ʻana i nā iʻa iʻa kālepa, ua hana ʻia nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa kūikawā, ke hana ʻia nei nā hana e hoʻopakele ai i ka bream ʻōpio mai nā waihona wai liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o ke kamaʻilio me nā muliwai nui. No ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonui ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hoʻohana ʻia nā kahua hānau e lana ana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo Bream kahi iʻa maluhia a hiki i kekahi manawa ke hōʻike i nā ʻano predatory, e pane ana i nā puna a me nā maunu, no laila ʻaʻole e lawaiʻa mau ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ka lāʻau wili.
Ka palekana o ka bream
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka bream
Inā ʻaʻole kumu ka hopena o ka lehulehu o ka bream maʻamau i ka hopohopo i waena o nā loea, a laila ʻo ka ʻeleʻele Amur bream e kokoke ana i ka make a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Lūkia. Ma nā panalāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina, noho ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi wale nō i ka ipu Amur. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka helu kikoʻī, akā ke lawaiʻa nei i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, kākaʻikahi loa ia. ʻIke ʻia e lilo ka moekolohe i ka wahine wale nō ma ka makahiki 7-8 a ola ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka helu o ka ʻāpala ʻeleʻele:
- ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana ma nā kahua kahua hānai nui i kū ma ka ʻĀina Kina o ka Amur;
- nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole no ka hānau ʻana ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai o ka muliwai Amur.
Mai nā makahiki kanawalukumamāiwa o ke kenekulia i hala, pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kēia ʻano bream ma ka ʻāina ʻo Rūkia; pale ʻia ia i nā mālama kūlohelohe. E hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka, pono pono e hana hou i nā ʻano hana, cryopreservation o nā genome.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Inā ma ka panalāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina ʻo ka ʻāpau ʻeleʻele kahi lālani ʻaneʻane pau ia me kahi wahi i kaupalena ʻia, a laila ma Kina kahi mea lawaiʻa. Ma muli o ka nui o ka ulu ulu, ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he "iʻa kūloko": neʻe nā holoholona ʻōpio mai nā waihona kūlohelohe i nā loko iʻa a i ʻole nā loko wai, kahi e hānai maikaʻi ʻia ai lākou i ka nui i koi ʻia.
ʻAwaha ʻAʻole kaulana ia ma waena o nā lawaiʻa wale nō, akā i waena hoʻi o nā gourmets - nā ipo iʻa, ʻoiai he ʻono, momona a waiwai nui hoʻi i nā momona olakino. Inā makemake ʻia, hiki ke hānai ʻia ka bream i loko o ka loko iʻa āu iho, e hāʻawi ana i kou ʻohana me kahi kumu mau o ka huahana pono.
Lā paʻi: 08/11/2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 17:59
