Dorado - kekahi o nā iʻa punahele a nā kamaʻāina no kona ʻono kiʻekiʻe. A mahalo i ka maʻalahi o kāna mahi ʻana i hana ʻia, i loko o nā makahiki he hala i hala aku nei, ua lawe ʻia aku ka nui o kēia iʻa, no laila ua hoʻomaka ia e hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Kaulana ʻia ʻo Dorado ma Rūsia pū kekahi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Dorado
ʻO ke kupuna o ka iʻa kokoke loa ma mua o 500 miliona mau makahiki. He pikaya kēia - he mau kenimika ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe ona palima, no laila pono ʻo ia e pelu i kona kino i mea e ʻau ai. Ua like ka iʻa kahiko loa me ia: aia wale nō ma hope o 100 miliona mau makahiki, ʻike ʻia nā mea i uhi ʻia i ka lā - na lākou nō hoʻi ka dorado. Mai ka manawa o ko lākou helehelena, ua loli loa kēia mau iʻa, a ua make ka laha loa o nā lāhui kahiko, a ʻo kā lākou keiki pili loa hoʻi i lilo i make. Ua ʻike ʻia ka iʻa iwi mua 200 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā ʻo nā lāhui e noho ana i ka Honua i kēia manawa ua hala ma hope loa, ka ʻāpana nui ma hope o ka wā Cretaceous.
Video: ʻO Dorado
ʻO ia ka manawa i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa ma mua o ka wā ma mua, ua lilo i mea nui ke kuhi manaʻo. Ua lilo ka iʻa i haku no ke kai a me ka moana. ʻOiai ua make kekahi hapa nui o lākou - ʻo ka hapanui o nā lāhui e noho ana i ke kolamu wai i ola, ai ka wā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai nā kūlana, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻonui i ka papa. ʻO Dorado kekahi o nā mea mua o ka ʻohana spar - ʻo ia paha ka mua. Akā ua hana ʻia kēia e nā kūlana o ka iʻa i ka wā ma mua, i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka Eocene, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o 55 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei - he ʻōpio ka ʻohana ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, a ua hoʻomau ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano hou a hiki i ka wā Quaternary.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema o ka dorado species i hana ʻia e Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758, ka inoa ma ka ʻōlelo Latina ʻo Sparus aurata. Nāna mai nā inoa ʻelua ʻē aʻe, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai kēia iʻa: spar gula - ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka unuhi ʻana mai Latin, a aurata.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka dorado
Hoʻomanaʻo ʻole ke ʻano iʻa: he kino pālahalaha kona, a ʻo kona lōʻihi he ʻekolu manawa ke kiʻekiʻe - ʻo ia hoʻi, like nā ʻāpana me ka carp salibera. He pali kūloko ke poʻo me nā maka i waenakonu a me ka waha me kahi slanted slit i lalo. Ma muli o kēia, ke nānā mau nei ka iʻa me he mea lā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu i kekahi mea. Piʻi ia i ka lōʻihi a i 60-70 cm, a hiki ke kaumaha i 14-17 kg. Akā ʻaʻole iki kēia, i kēlā mau manawa ke ola ka dorado i 8-11 mau makahiki. ʻO ke kaupaona maʻamau o kahi iʻa makua he 1.5-3 kg.
ʻO ka hina o ka dorado hina hina, hinuhinu nā unahi. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ke kua i ke koena o ke kino. ʻO ka ʻōpū, ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka māmā, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo. Aia kahi laina ʻaoʻao lahilahi, ʻike maopopo ʻia ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi e ʻike ʻia a maʻalahi hoʻi, a kahakaha ʻia i ka huelo. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā laina ʻeleʻele ʻē aʻe e holo ana ma ke kino o ka iʻa. Ma ke poʻo pouli, aia kahi kiko gula ma waena o nā maka. I nā ʻōpio, ʻike maka ʻole ʻia ia, a i ʻole ʻike ʻole ʻia, akā me ka makahiki ʻike maopopo ʻia.
He mau lālani niho ʻo Dorado, ma mua he ʻiʻo ikaika kona, e hōʻike ana i kahi nohona predatory. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā niho hope ma mua o nā niho o mua. Hoʻonui ʻia ka iwi ā, ua pōkole ka mea haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka luna. Hoʻopili ʻia ka caudal fin, me nā lobes ʻeleʻele; i waenakonu he palena ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Aia kekahi lau ʻulaʻula i ʻike ʻia i ke kala.
Ma hea ʻo Dorado e noho ai?
Kiʻi: ʻO Dorado ma ke kai
Noho kēia iʻa:
- Kai Kaiwaenahonua;
- ka wahi pili ʻAkelanika;
- Kahawai o Biscay;
- Kai ʻIlelani;
- Kai ʻĀkau.
Noho ʻo Dorado i ka hapanui o nā mea āpau ma ke Kai Mediterranean - hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻāpana a pau o ia mai ke komohana a i ke kapakai hikina. Kūpono nā wai o kēia kai no nā kāne gula. ʻOi aku ka kūpono o ka wai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika e waiho ana ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka Iberian Peninsula - ʻoi aku ke anuanu, akā he nui ko lākou heluna kanaka. Pili ka mea like i ke koena o nā kai a me nā kahakai i helu ʻia - ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka wai o ke Kai ʻĀkau a ʻIlani paha no ke ola o ka dorado e like me ke Kaiwaenahonua, no laila, mamao loa lākou mai nā heluna nui. Ma mua, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka dorado ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele, akā i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ua loaʻa lākou kokoke i ke kahakai ʻo Crimean.
Noho pinepine lākou e noho noho wale ana, akā aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe: kahi hipa holoholo a hana i nā neʻe kau mai ka hohonu o ke kai a i nā kapakai o Palani a me Pelekane, a laila hoʻi. ʻOi aku ka iʻa ʻōpio e noho i nā kahawai wai a i ʻole nā kai ʻino pāpaʻu a me nā paʻakai liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai e neʻe ana nā mākua i ke kai ākea. ʻO ka mea like me ka hohonu: ʻauʻau ʻo dorado ʻōpio i ka papa pono, a ma hope o ka ulu ʻana makemake lākou e noho ma kahi hohonu o 20-30 mau mika. I ka wā hānau, hohonu hohonu lākou, 80-150 mau mika. Ma waho aʻe o ka dorado hihiu, aia nā mea mahiʻai i hoʻopaʻa pio ʻia, a ke ulu nei ko lākou helu.
Ua hānai ʻia kēia iʻa i ka Emepaea Roma, no nā loko wai i kūkulu kūikawā ʻia, akā ua hoʻomaka ka mahiʻai ʻoihana maoli i nā makahiki 1980. I kēia manawa ua hānai ʻia ʻo dorado ma nā ʻāina Kaiākea a pau o ʻEulopa, a ʻo Helene ke alakaʻi i ka hana. Hiki ke hānai iʻa i nā iʻa wai, nā hīnaʻi e lana ana a me nā loko wai, a ke ulu nei nā mahi iʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka iʻa dorado. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a Dorado?
Kiʻi: iʻa Dorado
ʻO ka pinepine, komo ka dorado i loko o ka ʻōpū.
- pūpū;
- crustaceans;
- iʻa ʻē aʻe;
- kaviara;
- nā mea kolo;
- limu kai.
He mea ʻaihue ʻo Aurata i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Mahalo i kahi nui o nā niho loea no nā manawa like ʻole, hiki iā ia ke hopu a paʻa i ka mea pio, ʻokiʻoki i kāna ʻiʻo, haki i nā pūpū ikaika. Makemake nui, ʻai ka iʻa makua i ka caviar - nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻohana. Hiki iā ia ke ale i nā mea kolo a me nā ʻano crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa i hāʻule i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka papaʻai o dorado ʻōpio e like me ka poʻe mākua, ʻo ka mea ʻokoʻa wale nō ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi holoʻokoʻa no ka mea pio pono, a me nā pūpū māhele, a no laila e ʻai i nā mea kolo, nā hua manu, nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻai.
Pono ʻo Dorado e hānai i ka limu inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hopu i kekahi - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai holoholona iā ia. Pono pono e ʻai i nā limu he nui, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻimi a me ke awāwa no ka manawa lōʻihi ma mua o ka ʻai mau ʻana i ka limu. Eia nō naʻe, he kumu lākou no nā wikamina a me nā minelala nui no ka iʻa. Ke ulu ulu ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia ʻo dorado i ka hānai granular. Hoʻopili pū ia me ka ʻōpala mai ka hana ʻana i kaʻiʻo, ka iʻa iʻa a me ka soy Ulu koke lākou ma ia ʻano meaʻai.
Mea hoihoi: Inā he iʻa ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo dorado, a huikau paha kekahi manawa. Eia kekahi, no kekahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe ia (haracin). He ʻano ia o Salminus brasiliensis, a noho ia i nā kahawai o ʻAmelika Hema.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: iʻa kai ʻo Dorado
ʻOkoʻa ʻo Auratas mai nā kukui i noho maʻamau lākou. Lilo lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka ʻimi holoholona: moe lākou i ke kali no kahi iʻa makaʻala ʻole a laila hopu koke ia, a ʻauʻau paha i luna a ʻohiʻohi i nā mea kolo i hāʻule i loko o ka wai. Akā pinepine pinepine lākou e nānā pono i ka lalo o ke kai, e ʻimi ana i nā mea ʻai momona a me nā mollusc. Ma ke ʻano he poʻe lawaiʻa iʻa, ʻaʻole kūleʻa nui nā kāne gula, a no laila ke kumu nui o kā lākou meaʻai ka piʻo lalo, ʻaʻole hiki ke pakele iā lākou.
ʻO ka pinepine he pale ʻē aʻe kāna - nā pūpū ikaika, akā ʻaʻole kū paʻakikī ʻo dorado i nā niho. No laila, noho nui lākou i nā wahi o ke kai me kahi hohonu pāpaʻu - no laila kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke mākaʻikaʻi i ka lalo. Neʻe lākou i loko o nā wai hohonu inā he nui nā kula iʻa ma laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻimi. Aloha ʻo Dorado i ka mālie, ke ʻano o ka lā - eia kā lākou e alualu ai a hopu pinepine ai. Inā ua loli nui ke anilā a ua hoʻomaka paha i ka ua, a laila ʻaʻole paha e hopu ʻia lākou. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou hana, a inā anuanu ke kauwela, hiki iā lākou ke ʻau i kahi wahi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aniau, no ka mea makemake nui lākou i ka wai mehana.
Mea hoihoi: E nānā pono ʻia ʻo Dorado no ka mea hou i ke kūʻai ʻana. Pono ka maka o ka iʻa e aniani, a ma hope o ke kaomi māmā i ka ʻōpū ʻaʻohe niho. Inā ʻōpua nā maka a i ʻole he niho, a laila hopu ʻia i ka wā kahiko loa a i ʻole mālama ʻia i nā kūlana kūpono ʻole.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka dorado
Inā noho ka iʻa ʻōpio i nā kula kokoke i ke kahakai, a laila ma hope o ka ulu ʻana, pehu lākou, a ma hope ua noho hoʻokahi lākou. ʻO nā hoʻokoe kekahi manawa i kēlā mau dorado e noho nei i nā wahi o ka neʻe kau - ʻauʻau lākou mai kēlā wahi a kēia wahi i ka manawa i nā hipa. Kaulana ka awrat no ka mea ʻo ia he hermaphrodite protandric. ʻO nā iʻa ʻōpio naʻe, maʻa mau ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki, he kāne āpau. Ke ulu nei, lilo lākou āpau i wahine: inā ma mua he testicle kā lākou moe kolohe, a laila ma hope o kēia hānau hou ʻana e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma ke ʻano he ovary.
He mea pono ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka moekolohe no dorado: ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka nui o ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua manu e hiki iā ia ke hānau, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua, ʻo ia hoʻi e loaʻa i nā keiki nā manawa kiʻekiʻe o ke ola. Akā ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka nui o ke kāne. Puka mai ia no ʻekolu mau mahina i hala o ka makahiki, a kū kokoke i ka hiamoe ʻana i kēia manawa. I ka huina, hiki i ka wahine ke moe i 20 a 80,000 mau hua. Heʻuʻuku lākou, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mm, a no laila he kakaikahi ke ola - no ka mea he nui nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e makemake e ʻai i ka caviar dorado, a lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻomohala ai: 50-55 mau lā.
Inā mālama ka caviar i ka paʻa mau no kahi manawa lōʻihi, hānau ʻia ka fry. I ka hatching, liʻiliʻi loa lākou - ma kahi o 7 mm, ma ka mua ʻaʻole like lākou me kahi iʻa makua a ʻaʻohe kōkua. ʻAʻohe mea e pale aku iā lākou, no laila make ka hapa nui o lākou i nā ā o nā mea ʻino, ka iʻa nui. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻai iki a lawe i kahi ʻano like dorado, ʻauʻau lākou i kahakai, kahi e noho ai i nā mahina mua o ke ola. Hiki i nā iʻa ʻōpio makua ke kū aʻe no lākou iho a lilo i poʻe ʻaihue na lākou iho.
Me ka hānai hānai, aia ʻelua mau ala i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka palai: huki ʻia lākou i nā pahu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā pahu nui. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana mua - no kēlā me kēia lita o ka wai, hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i ʻelua haneli hani, no ka mea hiki ke kaohi pono ʻia kona ʻano a lilo ia i mea kūpono no ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā lākou. I nā loko wai nui, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka huahana ma ke ʻano o ka nui - aia he 8-15 fry no ka lita o ka wai, akā like ke ʻano o ke kaʻina me ka mea i kū i ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, a ʻike ʻia nā iʻa hoʻomau, a laila hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka waihona wai.
ʻO nā lā mua ka hānai ʻana o ka ʻai i nā waihona, a i ka hā a ʻelima paha o ka lā e hoʻomaka ai lākou e hānai iā lākou me nā rotifers. Ma hope o nā lā he ʻumi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kā lākou papaʻai me ka ʻōpae brine, a laila hoʻolauna mālie ʻia nā huaora a me nā waikawa momona i loko o ia mea, hoʻohui ʻia nā microalgae i ka wai, a hoʻomaka lākou e hānai me nā crustacea. I hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina, ulu lākou a lawa e hoʻoili ʻia i kahi wai ʻē aʻe a hānai i ka meaʻai granular, a i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o kahi wai i hope a i ʻole kahi wahi kokoke i kūlohelohe.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe ʻo Dorado
Kiʻi: Dorado
Nui kēia iʻa e hoihoi i ka nui o nā mea ʻino aquatic e like me ka manō, akā liʻiliʻi e kaua aku iā lākou. No laila, ʻo lākou ka mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka dorado. Noho ka nui o nā ʻano manō ma ke Kai Waihona a me ʻAkelanika: ke one, ke Tiga, ka ʻeleʻele, ka lemon a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻohe makemake o ka manō o kēlā me kēia ʻano i ka ʻai māmā ʻana i ka dorado - ʻaʻole pīhoihoi lākou e pili ana i ka meaʻai, akā ʻo ka dorado ua ʻumeʻa nui ʻia lākou ma mua o nā mea pio ʻē aʻe a, inā ʻike lākou i kēia iʻa, makemake lākou e hopu mua i nā mea āpau. ʻO Dorado paha ka mea ʻono like no lākou e like me nā kānaka.
Hiki ke helu pū ʻia ka poʻe ponoʻī ma waena o nā ʻenemi o ka dorado - ʻoiai ka nui o kēia iʻa i hānai ʻia ma nā mahi iʻa, hana pū ka lawaiʻa. ʻO ka mea wale nō e keʻakeʻa iā ia ke noho kaʻawale o ka dorado, no laila paʻakikī ka hopu pono ʻana iā lākou, a maʻamau pū kēia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Akā lawa ka nui o nā iʻa makua ʻaʻole e makaʻu i ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻino i loaʻa i loko o ka wai kai. ʻOi aku ka weliweli i ka caviar a me ka ʻai. ʻAi ikaika ʻia ʻo Caviar e nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, pili like ka mea i ka ʻai - eia kekahi, hiki ke hopu ʻia iā lākou e nā manu lele. Nui ʻiʻo lākou e ʻimi no ka dorado ʻōpio i ke kaupaona ʻana - a ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu lele ke kū aʻe me nā mākua, nā kānaka nui.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki ke hina a me ka mōʻī ʻo Dorado - ʻo ka lua o ka ʻano he ʻiʻo palupalu ʻoi aku, pena ʻia i ke kala ʻalani ʻē aʻe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: iʻa Dorado
Pili ʻo Dorado i ka laha me ka helu hoʻoweliweli liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ia kekahi o nā iʻa maʻamau o kēia nui ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, no laila he nui loa kona heluna kanaka, a ʻo ka lawaiʻa ʻāpana hoʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā ia. I nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka Dorado, akā he nui nō hoʻi. ʻAʻole i hoʻemi ʻia ka laulā a i ʻole hāʻule i ka nui o nā kāne gula i kaulana, kūpaʻa ko lākou heluna kanaka i ka nāhelehele, a ulu paha. No laila, i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i ka wai e pili ana i ko lākou wahi maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole i kipa ʻia ma mua. A i ka paʻa pio ʻana, hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o kēia mau iʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻEkolu mau ʻano hānau hānau nui:
- ikaika - i nā pahu kūwāhi like ʻole;
- semi-intensive - i nā hīnaʻi a me nā mea hānai i hoʻonohonoho ʻia kokoke i ke kapakai;
- ākea - hoʻoulu manuahi i nā lagoons a me nā backwaters.
He mea nui ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau kiʻina hana, ʻoiai like ka hope o lākou me ka lawaiʻa maʻamau - ʻoiai ke manaʻo ʻia he hana hānai ʻia ka iʻa, akā ʻo ka mea maoli ke ola nei ia i nā kūlana maʻamau a lilo i ʻāpana o ka nohona kūlohelohe. ʻO ka iʻa i mālama ʻia i kēia ala hiki ke helu ʻia i ka heluna kanaka maʻamau, ʻokoʻa i ka mea i hānai ʻia i nā pā paʻa. Me ka ʻike manuahi, ʻaʻole pinepine e hānai ʻia ka hana ʻimi hoʻopunipuni. I kekahi manawa hānai ʻia ka poʻe ʻōpio ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia - ma muli o ka lilo o ka iʻa ma muli o nā mea ʻaihue, hoʻemi nui ʻia lākou.
Dorado - kahi kamaʻāina o ka wai mehana o ka ʻAtelanika - kahi iʻa e koi ana i ka wā, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e ulu iā ia i nā mahiʻai kūikawā i nā nui he nui. Akā ʻo ka dorado e noho nei i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e pono ke hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hele hewa i nā shoals.
Lā paʻi: 25.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 19:56
