Anelope Pygmy - he mammal hapalua o ka pepeiao i hana ʻia. Pili kēia ʻano holoholona i ka genus o ka inoa like o dwarf antelope. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema honua no nā antelope liʻiliʻi loa, nā ruminants liʻiliʻi loa a me nā ungulate liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua, i hāʻawi ʻia e Carl Linnaeus, ʻo Neotragus pygmaeus.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: antelope dwarf
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo mua mai ka inoa binomial Neotragus he ʻelua mau ʻāpana, i hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "kao hou", hōʻike pū ʻia ka inoa kikoʻī i ka nui liʻiliʻi o ka māmala a unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi". He inoa ʻē aʻe ko kēia artiodactyl; ua hāʻawi nā ʻohana kūloko iā ia i ka inoa o ka antelope aliʻi. Ua hōʻike mua ʻia kēia e ka mea kālepa ʻo Boseman, ka mea i komo i ka West India Company, (i ka Old English, nā huaʻōlelo dia a me ke aliʻi he homonyms). Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Antilope regia kekahi inoa - Capra pygmaea, i ka ʻōlelo Kelemania ua kapa ʻia ka pēpē kleinstböckhen.
Video: Pygmy antelope
Ua wehewehe ka mea loea Kelemania ʻo Simon Pallas i nā ʻano ʻelua o nā antelope dwarf, ʻo Tragulus pygmaeus a me Antilope pygmaea, akā i ka nānā pono ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻākāka ʻana o ka ʻāpana ua lilo ia ʻelua i kā N. pygmaeus. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka subfamily o nā antelope pēpē i ʻewalu genera a me ʻumikūmāhā mau ʻano, akā he kūlike ʻole kēia ʻāpana, ʻoiai he ʻano like ka helehelena a me ka nohona o kekahi o lākou.
ʻO ka genus o nā pygmy antelope he mau ʻano me kahi kumu maʻamau, eia kēia:
- dorcatragus (beira);
- ourebia (oribi);
- madoqua (dict);
- oreotragus (clippringer);
- paia ʻaoʻao.
Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona āpau e ke kino liʻiliʻi, ka nohona malū, ʻike ʻia lākou i nā wahi like ʻole o ʻApelika. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kūpuna maʻamau o ka antgope pygmy ʻaʻole wale me nā mea ʻokiʻoki a me nā duiker, akā me nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Cephalophinae.
ʻOi aku ka pilina ʻohana o kēia artiodactyl me nā pēpē ʻē aʻe, e like me: Sunya (N. moschatus) a me Bates antelope (N. batesi), e noho nei ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka moku ʻApelika. Ua like lākou me ko lākou mau hoa ʻĀsia - ka dia iole tragul. ʻOi aku ka waha o ka pygmy antelope ma mua o ka Bates antelope, a ʻoi aku ka laulā o nā lehelehe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka waha, hoʻololi ʻia lākou no ka ʻai ʻana i nā lau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka pygmy antelope
ʻO kēia kahaha liʻiliʻi, bipedal artiodactyl i ka poʻe mae, he hapahā wale nō o ka mika ka lōʻihi, me ke poʻo ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o ka hapalua mika. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka antelope dwarf ma mua o ʻekolu kilokika, ʻoi aku ka nui ma kahi o 2 - 2.5. He lahilahi nā wāwae o ka holoholona, lahilahi, lokomaikaʻi. ʻO nā poʻo o nā kāne wale nō e kāhiko ʻia me ka cone-ʻeleʻele, nā pepeiaohao laumania, ʻo 2 - 2.5 knm ka lōʻihi o lākou. Aia nā mānoanoa e like me ka wili ma ke kumu o nā pepeiaohao.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi: ʻo nā wāwae mua o ka antelope aliʻi he ʻelua mau manawa ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā hope, no laila nā hiʻohiʻona o ka silhouette hāʻawi i ka manaʻo e pili mau lākou i ka honua, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai ka holoholona i ka hare, ma ke kino a me ka nui.
Palupalu ka ʻahu, ʻeleʻele me ka ʻulaʻula a me ke kala gula. I waenakonu o ke poʻo a me ke kua, ʻoi aku ka pouli o ka malu o ka pale ma mua o ka mea nui. E hoʻomaka ana mai ka auwae, i lalo ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū, ma ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā wāwae he kala keʻokeʻo, akā ma ka waena o ka umauma ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi "collar" ʻeleʻele, e hana ana i "mua pālule keʻokeʻo" ma luna o ka ʻāʻī. Eia kekahi, keʻokeʻo kahi hululu o ka lauoho ma ka hope o ka huelo. Lahilahi ka huelo, ʻo kona lōʻihi a hiki i ʻewalu kenimika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ma kahi anelope pygmy, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, a hiki i kā lākou mau keiki ke komo manuahi i ka poho o ke kanaka.
ʻO nā maka o ka pēpē antelope pēpē, nui, ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Translucent a liʻiliʻi ka pepeiao. ʻO ka rhinarius o ka ihu ākea, me ka ʻole o ka lauoho, ʻulaʻula hina.
Ma hea e noho ai ka antgope pygmy?
Kiʻi: ʻAmelike pygmy antelope
Noho ʻo ka artiodactyl liʻiliʻi loa i ka honua holoholona i loko o nā waoakua komohana o ʻApelika Hema.
- Kini;
- Gāna;
- Lipelia;
- Sielaleone;
- Ke Kapakai a ka Palaoa.
Aloha ka holoholona i nā wahi me nā mānoanoa o nā laʻalāʻau a me nā mea kanu lau nahele. Hoʻonui ʻia ka nohona mai nā pali mauna Koununkan ma ke komohana hema o Guinea. Eia hou, hopu ka ʻāina iā Sierra Leone, Liberia, ma o Cote dʻIvoire, a hōʻea i nā kapakai o ka Volta ma Ghana. Loaʻa nā antelope o ka mōʻī ma nā wahi ʻākau ʻē aʻe. Aia lākou ma ka palena o ka ululāʻau a me nā savannahs. ʻO kēia nā wahi kahi kūpono nā nāhelehele no nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, hūnā e hūnā a ʻai. Eia nō naʻe, makemake kēia mau antelope i nā pā ulu lāʻau mahana a mehana; hiki i kēia mau mea i nā ululāʻau lua.
Pono kēia mau pēpē pale ʻole i nā mea ulu nunui i hiki iā lākou ke hūnā maʻalahi mai nā ʻenemi mai. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā wahi mahiʻai palaho me ka makaʻu o ka hopu ʻia a kī ʻia ʻana paha e nā poʻe ʻimi ʻimi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā pygmy antelope, e laʻa me N. hemprichii, noho ma Abyssinia. ʻAno ʻole ke aniau a makemake ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e noho ma nā pali o nā awawa, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai ka wai ma hope o ka ua, a me nā mānoanoa o ka waiū, nā lāʻau ʻooi a me nā mimosa e hāʻawi ai i ka hale a me ka meaʻai.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka pygmy antelope. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka pygmy antelope?
Kiʻi: Dwarf antelope i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO kēia māmala, e like me nā artiodactyls ʻē aʻe, he herbivore. Makemake ia i ka mauʻu hou, nā lau a me nā pua, nā pua. E hoʻopili pū ka antelope liʻiliʻi i nā huaʻai pālolo momona i kāna papaʻai: nā hua a me nā hua, a me nā ʻalalā.
Ma muli o ka nui o ka makū i nā ululāʻau tropical o ka hema o ʻApelika Komohana, loaʻa nā wai a pau i nā mea kanu āpau, ke ʻai nei iā lākou, ʻaʻole make wai ka antelope aliʻi, a no laila ʻaʻole pono nā kumu wai a ʻaʻole nānā i nā wahi wai.
ʻAʻole ulu ikaika nā mākala o nā papalina o ka antgope pygmy e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā subspecies pili loa hoʻi, e laʻa me ka Bates antelope, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mea liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona hanana, a me kahi waha liʻiliʻi hoʻi, ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā pēpē pūlū ʻia e ʻai i nā wana lignified. Akā ua mālama ke kūlohelohe i kēia mau holoholona, e uku ana iā lākou me ka waha a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka waha, nā lehelehe ākea, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hopu i nā lau ʻōpio i nā mānoanoa.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me nā kumuwaiwai hou, hiki i kēia mau bovid ke neʻe i nā panalāʻau hou, akā ʻoiai i ka tropics hoʻomaka koke nā hanana ulu i nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole pono nā pēpē e huakaʻi lōʻihi, ua lawa nā neʻe liʻiliʻi wale nō i ka ʻāina like.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: antelope craced dwarf
He mea hūnā ʻo Neotragus pygmaeus. Kūpono kēia, no ka mea liʻiliʻi ka holoholona i ke kino, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke neʻe wikiwiki, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā māmela nui, ʻaʻohe ona ʻano pale ʻē aʻe: nā pepeiaohao ikaika a i ʻole nā ʻāpā. Akā ua aʻo kēia mau liʻiliʻi e hūnā maikaʻi i ka ulu nui o nā tropic i waena o ka mauʻu a me nā kumu lāʻau.
ʻO ka panalāʻau e noho ai nā antelope dwarf, e noʻonoʻo ana iā lākou ia, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi haneli mau mika kūlike. Hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ka nui o ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā puʻu o ka manure. Neʻe lākou iā ia e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, pinepine i ka auwina a i ʻole i nā hola wanaʻao. Hoʻomaha ka holoholona i ka lā, peʻe i ka underbrush.
Mea leʻaleʻa: ʻAʻole like me ka hapanui o nā ʻepekema, koi ʻo Zoologist Jonathan Kingdon e ʻai nā antelope i ke ao a i nā hola ʻeleʻele o ka lā.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke ola a me ke ʻano o nā antelope dwarf e hoʻomaopopo iki ʻia, hilahila loa lākou. I ka hoʻoweliweli liʻiliʻi loa, kūleʻa lākou i ka mauʻu mānoanoa, paʻa e noho ʻike ʻole ʻia. Inā kokoke loa ka ʻenemi, lele kēia mau pēpē a holo ʻino i luna i nā ulu lāʻau.
Holo nā artiodactyls dwarf me kahi kino haʻahaʻa, a no nā lele kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana lākou i nā wāwae hope ikaika ikaika. I ka hālāwai ʻana i kahi ālaina ma ke ala, ua lanakila lākou me nā lele kiʻekiʻe, a i mea e huikau ai ka poʻe alualu, hoʻolei lākou i nā ʻaoʻao i ka wā e holo ana.
Mea hoihoi: Me kahi kinoʻuʻuku, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hapalua mika, hiki i ka antelope dwarf ke lele lele i mua. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lele e piʻi ma mua o ka hapalua mika ma luna o ka pae honua, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona e lanakila i kahi mamao o ʻekolu mau mika.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Baby pygmy antelope
ʻO nā antelope pēpē he monogamous ia, akā aia kekahi mau hihia polygamy. E māka i ka panalāʻau, loaʻa nā pygmy bovids i nā gland preorbital. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻomohala nui ʻia, akā kahakaha nā holoholona i ko lākou wahi noho me ko lākou ʻala, e ʻānai nei i nā kumu o nā mea kanu, a e kahakaha pū ana hoʻi i ka ʻāina me nā feces. ʻAʻole ʻākoakoa nā holoholona i nā holoholona, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka noho pālua ʻana, ʻoiai makemake nā wahine i ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ke ola.
Ma muli o ka hilahila loa o ka holoholona a alakaʻi i kahi nohona malū, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka wā rutting a me nā wā hānau i nā zologist, akā manaʻo ʻia mau ka hānau ma kahi o ʻeono mau mahina. Hōʻike ʻia nā pua o kēia mau māmela i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā wahine mai ke kaumaha i ka hopena o ke kau a me ka hoʻoilo o ʻApelika. Ma aneʻi, ma ke komohana hema o ʻĀkulika equatorial, aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia ka loli o nā kau, a hiki ke hōʻailona ʻia e kahi kalena, ʻo kēia nā mahina o Nowemapa-Kekemapa.
Hoʻokomo mau ka ʻōpala i hoʻokahi kanaka. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā pēpē hānau hou ma kahi o 300-400 gram, palupalu loa lākou, ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi, hānau nā makahiki wahine nui a nui i nā pēpē i kaupaona ʻia he 500-800 gram. Kūlike ka hulu lahilahi o nā pēpē me ke kala o nā mākua. No ʻelua mau mahina, hānai nā keiki hānau hou i ka waiū o ka makuahine, e hoʻololi mālie nei i kahi e hānai ai.
ʻEono mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i ka antelope i ka wā ʻōpio. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā Pygmy antelope e hānai ana i nā hui ʻohana liʻiliʻi, me nā keiki ʻōpio e ulu ana ʻaʻole i male. Ma ka awelika, ua manaʻo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma ka nahelehele ma 5-6 mau makahiki; i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ola nā holoholona 2-3 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pygmy antelope
Kiʻi: kiʻi liʻiliʻi pygmy antelope
No nā pēpē pēpē, hiki ke weliweli i kekahi predator. Hiki i kēia mau mea he ʻelele nui o ka ʻohana feline: he leopadi a i ʻole kahi panther, hiki ke hopu maʻalahi me kēia mau holoholona a nānā paha iā lākou, e peʻe ana i nā mea ulu nunui.
Hoʻopuka pū nā Jackal a me nā hyenas i nā pygmy antelope, keu hoʻi i nā wahi e pili ana i nā savannahs. ʻOiai nā primates nui e ʻai nei ʻaʻole wale i nā mea kanu mea kanu, akā hiki ke ʻimi i nā māmela liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hopu i kēia mau artiodactyls.
He ʻenemi nā manu manu o nā antelope aliʻi, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli nui. He paʻakikī iā lākou e ʻimi i nā bovids lawe lima a akahele hoʻi i ka ulu nui, i nā nāhelehele a me nā nāhelehele. Hiki ke kali ʻia ka weliweli nui mai nā nahesa nui a me nā pythons, hiki ke ale wale i kā lākou mea pio liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui i kēia ʻano ungulate i kekahi mau wahi o kona wahi e hōʻike ʻia e nā kānaka, ʻoiai lākou ka mea e ʻimi holoholona ai. Hāʻule pinepine nā mamamala i nā pahele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: A hiki i 1,200 mau kupapaʻu o kēia mau antelope pale ʻole e kūʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma nā mākeke Kumasi ma Ghana.
Ma Sierra Leone, ʻaʻole i huli pono ʻia nā artiodactyl dwarf, akā hāʻule lākou i nā pahele no nā dukkers, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau hihia ke kī ʻia lākou me ka pū. Ma Côte dʻIvoire, hana kēia mau māmele liʻiliʻi i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻiʻo hihiu i hana ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: akā ʻaʻole ma nā wahi āpau e lilo ai nā pygmy antelope i waiwai pio na ka poʻe hahai holoholona. Ma Liberia, i waena o ka poʻe e noho ana o kekahi mau ʻohana, manaʻo ʻia kēia holoholona he kino o nā koa ʻino a hoʻokau ʻia kahi kapu i kāna ʻimi holoholona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka pygmy antelope
ʻO ka pygmy antelope kahi hopena o Guinea Lalo a loaʻa ia ma Ivory Coast, Ghana a me Sierra Leone. I Ghana, ma ka hikina o ka muliwai Volta, ʻaʻole loaʻa kēia holoholona a manuahi paha. ʻO ka heluna nui o ka heluna kānaka e 2000 a ʻoi aku i ka 62,000 mau kānaka, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka ʻike kūpono, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻae kahi ʻano hūnā i kahi loiloi kūpono loa o ke kūlana me nā holoholona. Ua loaʻa ka ʻikepili ma o ka helu hou ʻana i ka wahi o ka nohona a me ka density extrapolated o 0.2-2.0 i kēlā me kēia kilomika kilomika.
Wahi a ka International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, ʻaʻole palekana ka palekana o kēia ʻano. Akā ʻimi ʻia nā mea māmele liʻiliʻi ma kekahi mau wahi o ko lākou wahi noho, kahi e hoʻoweliweli ai i ka mālama ʻana i nā helu. Eia nō naʻe, ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā wahi kūpono i ke ola o kēia holoholona, ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ke kūkulu maikaʻi ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka.
Manaʻo ka poʻe loea ke emi malie nei kēia ʻano. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o nā hana a ke kanaka a me nā pilikia pili i nā wahi kūlohelohe a me nā holoholona hihiu ma waena o ka nui o nā ungulate liʻiliʻi. Akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike e pili kokoke ana ke ana o ka emi ʻana a hiki i ka paepae no ke kūlana hoʻoweliweli.
ʻAe nā wahi mālama a pale ʻia i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā helu o nā pygmy antelope i kēia mau wahi.
- ma Côte dʻIvoire, Tai National Park, Mabi Yaya Forest Reserve;
- i Guinea, ʻo ia kahi mālama kūlohelohe ʻo Dike a me kahi mālama kūlohelohe Ziama;
- i Ghana, nā Assin-Attandazo a me Kakum National Parks;
- ma Sierra Leone, kahi mālama mālama ululāʻau ʻo Gola.
Anelope Pygmy, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i nā holoholona o ʻApelika i kahi helu nui, akā pono naʻe i kahi ʻano mālama iā ia iho mai kahi kanaka. No kēia, pono e pale pono i kēia mau ungulate mai nā poachers, a me nā ululāʻau mai ka ululāʻau. ʻO ke ola ʻana o kēia holoholona i kēia manawa ka hilinaʻi nui i ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā kūlana maikaʻi no lākou i nā pāka aupuni o Ghana a me Ivory Coast.
Lā paʻi: 07/24/2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 19:49
