Kakomyzli - he holoholona liʻiliʻi e like me ke keʻa ma waena o ka marten a me ka pōpoki. He mākaukau piʻi maikaʻi loa ia a hoʻopau i nā rodents he nui - no laila ua tamed pinepine ʻia ma mua. I kēia manawa, ma ke ʻano he mau holoholona, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi lākou, akā ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau mālama ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa - he mau holoholona maikaʻi a aloha hoʻi lākou, inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ko lākou leo.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Kakomytsli
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Cretaceous, ma kahi o 140 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ala aʻe nā māmele hānai mua. Noho lākou i ka wahi no nā hedgehogs, shrews a me nā mea like, a ʻai nui nā ʻeleka.
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi paʻakikī iā lākou e hele ma ʻō aku o kēia niche, a ma hope wale nō o ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona he nui i ka hopena o ka manawa Cretaceous i hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻomōhala ʻana o nā mea mammal. Ua ʻeha lākou i kēia luku ʻia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kolo a me kekahi mau holoholona e ulu pono ana ma mua, a ua hiki ke noho ma luna o nā wahi lāʻau ecological i hakahaka ʻia. Hoʻomaka ka nui o nā ʻano hou e hōʻike, akā ʻo nā raccoons, nona kekahi, ʻaʻole i hele koke mai. Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi he pili pili ka raccoons i nā bea a me nā wea, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kūpuna maʻamau me nā bea. Mai iā lākou i hoʻokaʻawale ai nā raccoons mua. Ua hana kēia ma Eurasia, akā ua ulu lākou ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū ma Eurasia i lilo i mea paʻakikī loa iā lākou, a no ka hapa nui ua pani ʻia lākou e viverrids.
Video: Kakomitsli
Akā ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, kahi i loaʻa ai nā mōʻalihaku o nā raccoons i ka makahiki 30 miliona i loaʻa, loaʻa lākou iā lākou iho i nā kūlana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a laila nui nā ʻano hou i kū aʻe, a laila komo nā raccoons i ʻAmelika Hema - ua hana kēia ma kahi o 12-15 miliona mau makahiki ma mua o ko mākou au. ʻAʻohe pilina ʻāina ma waena o nā ʻāina ma ia manawa - manaʻo ka ʻepekema ua neʻe nā raccoons kahiko mai kahi mokupuni a kahi mokupuni, e hele ana i nā kahe ma waena o lākou ma nā lāʻau. Ma ka ʻāina nui, ʻo lākou wale nō nā mea ʻaihue a hāpai i nā ʻano nui - ua hōʻea kekahi mau raccoons i ka nui o ka bea. Ua pau kēia kūleʻa ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi alahaka ʻāina ma waena o nā pae ʻāina - ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe, a ua nalowale nā lāhui nunui. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo nā raccoons liʻiliʻi wale nō, e like me nā kamitsli, i koe mai nā ʻano ma mua.
Loaʻa i ka genus Kamitsli nā ʻano ʻelua i ʻokoʻa i nā huapalapala a me nā wahi noho. Noho ka laha mua ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, a ʻo ka lua ma Central. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema o kekahi ʻano i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1887 e E. Kuez. ʻO ka inoa genus ma ka Lākina ʻo Bassariscus.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: North American Kami
ʻO ke poʻo o kahi kamitsli e like me marten a ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i nā pepeiao lōʻihi, a hiki ke kuhi ʻia a i ʻole ka pōʻai. Akā ʻoi aku ka like o kona kino i ka hana i nā ʻelele o felines. Akā ʻaʻole pili ka holoholona i nā wea a i ʻole nā felines - ʻo ia ka pili kokoke loa o nā raccoons, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ke kala e like me lākou. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ʻo Kakomitsli - 13-16 cm, a kau ke kaupaona iki - 800-1200 gram, akā i ka manawa like lōʻihi o kona kino: hiki i 40-45 knm a ʻoi aku, a koe ʻole kēia o ka huelo.
A palupalu ʻo ia a lōʻihi nō hoʻi - 35-55 knm. Pōkole nā paws o kekahi, akā hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻo ia iā ia - hiki iā ia ke piʻi i nā pōhaku a piʻi maikaʻi i nā kumulāʻau, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hopu holoholona. Hiki ke hapa nui o kēia dexterity ma muli o ke ʻano o nā iwi o nā wāwae hope, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻohuli i ka 180 kekelē. Hiki i ke kino ponoʻī ke kūlou ikaika loa, kahi e kōkua ai e kolo i nā kaha kūiki. No laila, ʻano ʻokoʻa ka neʻe ʻana o ka holoholona.
Me he mea lā he mau acrobats maoli lākou: piʻi maʻalahi lākou i nā pali e like me ka hiki ʻole ke piʻi, a iho mai iā lākou, a hiki iā lākou ke hana i ke poʻo i lalo. Kōkua ka huelo i ke kaulike. ʻO kaʻoi aku o ka ʻaihue o ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kā lākou alualu ʻana, no ka mea ʻo nā mea keakea ke keʻakeʻa nei i kā lākou mea pio - inā ʻaʻole ia he manu. He melemele ka pālule, ʻemi iki i ka manawa ʻeleʻele me ka ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka huelo o ke kala hoʻokahi, ʻoki. Ma ka'ōpū, ʻoi aku ka māmā o kaʻaʻahu. Ma kahi o nā maka ke kaha kiʻi ʻana: he apo ʻeleʻele, he apo māmā e hoʻopuni ana iā ia, a hoʻonui ʻia ke koena o ka maka me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele.
Mea hoihoi: Ma hope o kēlā me kēia pāʻina, hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ke kamitsli i kona maka a me nā ʻūlū, e like me nā pōpoki.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo kakomitsli?
Kiʻi: Kakomitsli mai ʻAmelika Hema
ʻElua mau lāhui e noho ana kēlā me kēia i kona papa ponoʻī. Noho ʻo ʻAmelika Hema i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hema. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma nā mokuʻāina he nui o US, mai Kaleponi ma ke komohana a i ka palena ʻo Louisiana ma ka hikina. I ka ʻākau, māhele ʻia lākou a hiki i Oregon, Wyoming a me Kansas. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ko lākou wahi noho ma Mekiko - noho kekahi o lākou i ka ʻākau a me ka waena waena a puni, kokoke i ka wahi o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Puebla ma ka hema. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi i ʻole kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 1,000 - 1,300 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai, akā hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke noho i nā mauna a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3,000 m. Noho ka lua o nā laha ma ka hema, a hoʻomaka pono kāna pae i kahi e pau ai i ka laha mua ... Loaʻa iā ia nā mokuʻāina hema o Mekiko e like me Vercarus, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Yucatan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Eia kekahi, noho kēia ʻano ma ka panalāʻau o kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe:
- Belize;
- Ela Salavadora;
- Kuakemala;
- Honodurasa;
- Koka Rika;
- Panama.
ʻOiai he unpretentious kēia holoholona i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole ia e koi nui i ka ʻāina no ka noho ʻana, a hiki ke noho i nā ʻano ʻāina like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka makemake i nā ʻāina pōhaku, nā kahawai, nā puʻupuʻu a me nā lāʻau ʻoka. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i loko o nā ulu lāʻau, ʻo juniper, chaparral. Nui nā kamitsli kokoke i ke kapakai, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā wahi maloʻo, a ma nā wao akua - akā i ka manawa like koho lākou i kahi kokoke i ke kumu wai. ʻAʻole noho mau kekahi poʻe i ka wao nahele - ʻo kekahi, ma kahi ʻē, makemake e koho i kahi kokoke loa i ka poʻe. Noho ka lāhui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā ululāʻau tropical o nā ʻano nui āpau, makemake i ka ulu ulu, a noho pū i nā ulu lāʻau. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole, mai ka pulu a me ka maloʻo. Akā ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ka nui o ka wai a, inā ua no ka manawa lōʻihi, neʻe lākou i nā ʻāina maloʻo.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ke kakomitsli. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea a kakomitli e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Central American Kami
Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Aloha lākou i ka hope. Hiki iā lākou ke alualu ʻaʻole wale nā pepelu a me nā ʻiole, akā ʻo nā mea pio nui aku kekahi - e laʻa me nā squirrels a me nā lāpaki. Hoʻopau loa ʻia ʻo Rodents - ma mua, ua hoʻohina pinepine ʻia kekahi o lākou ma muli o kēia.
Alualu lākou i nā moʻo, nā moʻo, a hopu manu. ʻImi pinepine lākou i kahi pio ma kahi o nā kino wai, kahi a lākou e ʻike ai i nā amphibians like ʻole. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he hiki i nā kakimitsli ke ʻai i nā mea ola āpau i lawa ka ikaika a me ka mākaukau e hopu ʻia - pīhoihoi loa lākou i ka meaʻai. Ua lawa ka ikaika o ka ʻōnaehana digestive - ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻawahia, akā lawa no ka hānai ʻana i ke kino make pū kekahi, ke hana lākou ke hiki ʻole ke hopu i nā mea pio ola. Hoʻolālā lākou i ka manawa he nui i ka huli holoholona - alualu lākou i ka mea pio, e hoʻāʻo e hopu i kahi manawa maikaʻi no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, no ka mea i kekahi manawa hiki i kā lākou poʻe i hōʻeha ke hakakā hoʻi.
ʻAi ʻoluʻolu lākou i nā hua a me nā hua ʻē aʻe, keu hoʻi makemake lākou i nā persimmons a me ka maiʻa, ʻahaʻaina pinepine lākou i nā hua juniper a me ka mistletoe. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā ʻākona a inu i ka kohu lāʻau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka momona o ka meaʻai holoholona, no ka mea makemake kekahi poʻe iā ia, akā naʻe ʻo ka mea kanu mea kanu ka mea nui o kā lākou papaʻai. Pili ka lākiō i ke kau, a me kahi e noho ai ka holoholona. Noho kekahi i ka wao nahele, ʻilihune i nā mea kanu, no laila pono lākou e ʻimi hou aku, ʻo kekahi poʻe - ma nā kahakai nui me ia, kahi i ka wā oʻo o nā hua a me nā hua ʻaʻohe pono e alualu, no ka mea, he nui nā meaʻai a puni.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Kakomitsli i ke kūlohelohe
ʻEleu i ke ahiahi a i ka pō. I ke ao hele lākou i nā pūnana, hoʻonohonoho i nā lua o nā kumulāʻau, nā māwae ma waena o nā pōhaku, nā ana a me nā hale haʻalele. Ma muli o ko lākou piʻi pono ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā wahi paʻakikī loa, a no laila nā wahi palekana. Hoʻomaha kekahi poʻe i loko o lākou ke kū nei ka lā - makemake ʻole kēia mau holoholona i ka wela. Teritori - noho kēlā me kēia kāne i kahi ākea, ma kahi o 80-130 hectares, ʻaʻole nui ka "waiwai" o nā wahine. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻāina o nā kāne ke intersect, akā i nā kāne me nā wahine e like me ke kuʻina pinepine. ʻO ka pinepine, hana nā hoalauna i mau kāne i ka wā o ka moʻa.
ʻO nā lunamaka o nā lāhui ʻAmelika Hema e hōʻailona i nā palena o ko lākou panalāʻau me ka mimi a me nā huna i hūnā ʻia mai nā gland anal. ʻAʻole hana ka poʻe o ʻAmelika Waena i kēia, akā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i nā malihini e hele mai i o lākou lā: hoʻoweliweli lākou iā lākou me ko lākou leo, ʻoiai lākou hiki ke ʻuā nui, ʻū a hae paha. Ma hope o ke kakomytsli makua, hele ʻo ia e ʻimi i kona ʻāina ponoʻī, ʻaʻole naʻe i noho ʻia e kekahi poʻe ʻē. I kekahi manawa pono ʻo ia e huakaʻi i kahi mamao, a inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻo ia i kāna pūnaewele, e hopena paha i kahi ʻohana. Kēia mea maʻamau no nā panalāʻau e noho nui ʻia e kēia mau holoholona. No kekahi, makemake ʻole ʻia kēlā ʻano hanana - i ka ʻohana, hoʻomaka lākou e alakaʻi i kahi nohona auwana, e ala paha nā hakakā ma waena o nā holoholona i loko o laila. Loaʻa kēia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau mea loner lākou a paʻakikī iā lākou e launa me nā ʻohana.
Akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia e kānaka - hiki iā lākou ke lilo i nā holoholona aloha a aloha hoʻi, akā naʻe, pono e hānai ʻia lākou mai ka hānau ʻana. Hiki ke kāhāhā loa ka leo o ke kakomitsli - he wahi leo ko lākou, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e like me ka ʻūlū lahilahi a i ʻole ka ʻū. ʻŪlū a ʻūʻū kekahi ʻōpio, a hiki iā lākou ke kani ʻē loa, me nā nika metallic. Makemake kekahi poʻe e kamaʻilio a ʻoluʻolu loa, akā ke maʻa i ke ʻano o kā lākou hana ʻaʻole maʻalahi. Inā hoʻāʻo ʻoe e hopu i kēia holoholona, a laila e hāʻawi ia i kahi mea huna honi ikaika i hoʻolālā ʻia e makaʻu i nā ʻenemi. I ke kūlohelohe, ola lākou i 7-10 mau makahiki, a laila ʻelemakule lākou a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻimi hou e like me ka nui, a lilo lākou i mea maʻalahi i nā mea ʻaihue. I ke pio ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke ola lōʻihi - 15-18 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Kakomytsli Cub
ʻO ka hapa nui noho wale lākou, akā i kekahi manawa nalowale lākou i nā hipa - pili kēia i ka poʻe o lākou i hoʻololi i ko lākou nohona holoʻokoʻa ma muli o ka pili kokoke i ka poʻe. Hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke ʻai i loko o nā ʻōpala a noho maʻamau e like me nā ʻīlio hele hewa. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau holoholona i kēia ʻano nohona - noho lākou i ka wao nahele wale nō a makemake e ʻimi i kahi ʻōpala. ʻO kēlā kamitsli kahi wale nō i paʻa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau hānau - hana ʻia kēia i Pepeluali a i nā mahina e hiki mai ana.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻimi ka wahine i kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke hānau - he lua kēia e noho malū ʻia me ka malu, kahi paʻakikī e hoʻokokoke aku. Noho maʻamau lākou i nā wahi like, akā ʻaʻole hānau i kā lākou mau lua ponoʻī. ʻAʻole komo nā kāne i kēia i kekahi ʻano a haʻalele i ka wahine.
ʻOiai he ʻokoʻa: aia kekahi mau kāne e mālama i nā keiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hānai a hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Akā ʻaʻole hiki pinepine kēlā. Ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina e hāpai ai ka wahine, no laila ʻike pinepine ʻia nā keiki i Mei a Iune paha, aia a ʻelima o lākou.
ʻO nā keiki hānau wale nō he liʻiliʻi loa - kau kaupaona iā 25-30 g, a pale ʻole i ka pale. ʻO ka mahina mua, hānai wale lākou i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a ma ka hopena wale nō, a i ka lua paha, hāmama nā maka. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻāʻo lākou i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, akā hoʻomau ka hapanui i ka ʻai ʻana i ka waiū. I ka makahiki 3, ua aʻo lākou i ka hopu holoholona, a ma hope o kekahi mahina ua haʻalele lākou i ko lākou makuahine a hoʻomaka e noho kaʻawale. Ua hele a makua ʻo Kakitsli ma hope o ka piha ʻana o 10 mau makahiki - i kēlā manawa hoʻomaka ka wā hānau aʻe.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o kakomycli
Kiʻi: Kakomytsli
Liʻiliʻi kēia nui o kēia holoholona, a no laila hiki ke lilo i mea pio o nā mea ʻaihue he nui.
ʻO ka pinepine e ʻimi ʻia ai:
- coyote;
- lynx;
- puma;
- ʻīlio ʻulaʻula;
- ʻalopeke
- pueo
Inā kokoke kekahi o kēia mau mea ʻino, hoʻāʻo ʻo kakomytsli e hūnā i kahi wahi paʻakikī e hiki ai, e hoʻohana ana i kāna dexterity. Hoʻoholo pinepine nā manawa ma aneʻi i nā mea āpau: ʻoi aku ka ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana o nā mea hoʻomake, kahi a lākou e hoʻohana ai e hopu i kekahi poʻe me ke kahaha, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia mea pio.
Kaomi lākou i loko o nā māwae liʻiliʻi loa, mai kahi hiki ʻole i ka predator ke kiʻi iā lākou, a ma hope o kekahi manawa ua makehewa a haʻalele i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pio hou. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kēia a hāʻule kekahi ʻano o nā mea i loko o kona mau wāwae a i ʻole nā māiʻuʻu, a laila hūnā ia i kahi huna huna, kūlou ka huelo a hoʻonui i ka huluhulu, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea ʻelua e makaʻu i ka mea hoʻouka kaua, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻimi holoholona e ʻimi holoholona nei no kekahi ʻano ʻike maopopo e pili ana i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka pilau ke pilau iā lākou a ʻae nō naʻe e heʻe. ʻO nā Predators, ka mea maʻa ʻole i ia mau pio, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻoholo ana ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ka hoʻouka ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka poʻe ʻimi i ke kakimitsli e ʻimi no nā rodents, hana lākou i pahu kūikawā na lākou a waiho i kahi mehana. I ka lā holoʻokoʻa ua hiamoe ka holoholona hānai iā ia, a ua hoʻāʻo lākou ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia iā ia - a laila i ka pō ua hele ʻo ia i waho me ka piha o ka ikaika a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e alualu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Kakomitsli ma ʻAmelika
ʻO lāua ʻelua i waena o nā mea hopohopo ʻole. Ua lawa ka laulā o ko lākou wahi noho a, ʻoiai ka teritori, nui ka nui o kēia mau holoholona i ke kūlohelohe. ʻAe ʻia lākou e alualu ʻia, a i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, ʻohiʻohi ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona i nā ʻili 100,000 - akā ʻaʻole lākou i waiwai nui. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka hōʻino o ka ʻimi holoholona no ka heluna kanaka. He paʻakikī kāna loiloi kūpono, ʻoiai makemake nā holoholona he nui e noho i nā kihi mamao, akā aia paha ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻelua e nā ʻumi miliona o nā kānaka.
ʻO ka wahi nui o ke kamitsli ka ululāʻau, pili lākou iā ia, a no laila ke hoʻomau nei ka neoneo ʻana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa maikaʻi ʻole i ka lehulehu o kēia mau holoholona. Lilo lākou i ko lākou wahi noho mau, hoʻomaka e auwana i nā ʻohana hipa a hōʻino i nā kanu moʻomeheu, ua emi ka manawa o ko lākou ola, a ʻaʻohe kumu no ka hānau ʻana. No laila, ma Costa Rica a me Belize, manaʻo ʻia lākou he mea weliweli a ke hana ʻia nei nā mea e mālama ai i nā lehulehu kūloko.
Mea hoihoi: Ua unuhi ʻia ka inoa Lakina o ka genus ma ke ʻano he "chanterelle", a ua unuhi ʻia ka huaʻōlelo kamitsli ponoʻī mai ka Aztec ma ke ʻano he "half-mind". Loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa Pelekane ringtail ma muli o nā kaha i ka huelo. Akā ʻaʻole pau ka papa inoa ma laila kekahi: ma mua ua hānai pinepine ʻia lākou i nā wahi noho o nā mea maina, no laila ua paʻa ka inoa ʻo "cat's miner" ma hope o lākou.
Ke noho nei i kahi ʻano kūlohelohe a alakaʻi i ko lākou ʻano maʻamau o ke ola kekahi ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia iki i ka poʻe, a ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia i ko lākou mau maka: ʻoiai ua pālahalaha kēia holoholona ma ʻAkau ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe āpau iā ia. Inā lawe ʻoe i kekahi ʻano kanaka i loko o ka hale mai ka hānau ʻana, a laila e lilo ʻo ia i holoholona maikaʻi a hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea ʻona.
Lā paʻi: 07/24/2019
Lā hou: 07.10.2019 ma 12:05
