Sila hulu - kahi laha maʻamau o nā pinnipeds e noho kokoke i nā wahi āpau o ka honua. ʻOiai ko lākou helehelena uʻi, he makaʻu kūpilikiʻi lākou. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻāpana nui lākou o ke kaiaolaola, no ka mea, noho lākou i wahi nui i loko o ka lālau meaʻai o nā mea nui nui ʻē aʻe.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: sila hulu
No ka ʻohana o nā sila pepeiao i nā sila wili. ʻO kēia nā pinnipeds, ke alakaʻi nei i ke ola ʻāina a me ka wai. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o nā pinnipeds e ke ʻano o nā flip a me ka iwi poʻo, kahi kokoke i ke ʻano o ka bea.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā sila hulu.
- sila hulu ʻĀkau (Hikina Hikina). ʻO nā laha loa e noho ana ma ka Moana Pākīpika;
- ʻO ka sila hulu ʻAmelika Hema. Pākuʻi ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i kekahi me kekahi: Arctocephalus australis gracilis a me Falkland hulu sila;
- Sila Sila huluhulu. ʻO nā sila huluhulu ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻia nā kāne e kahi mane mānoanoa;
- ʻO ka sila hulu Galapagos. ʻImi liʻiliʻi;
- Kerguelen hulu paʻa. ʻOkoʻa i nā blotches o ka hulu hina a hina hina;
- ʻO ka sila hulu manu. Nui nā kānaka me ka huluhulu ʻulaʻula vevety;
- ʻO ka hulu huluhulu ʻo Guadalupe. I kēia laha, ʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine;
- sila hulu subtropical. Nā lālā nui o ka ʻohana me ka huluhulu mānoanoa.
Kupanaha ka ulu ʻana o nā pinnipeds a he nui nā nīnau. E like me nā koholā, i ka papa o ka evolution, ua haʻalele mua kēia mau holoholona i ke kai e noho i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā kūpuna o nā sila hulu nā mustelid, nāna i alakaʻi i ke ola ʻāina a me ka wai.
ʻAi nui nā mussel mai ke kai, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike pehea e holo wikiwiki ai a ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻano pale pale kūʻē i nā mea ʻaihue ʻāina nui. ʻO kēia ka mea i koi aku ai i nā māmela mua e iho mau i ka hohonu. Evolutionarily, ua loaʻa mua iā lākou ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou hanu no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, a laila hoʻomohala lākou i kahi pūnaewele ma waena o ko lākou mau manamana lima.
Hōʻike nā mea waena waena i loaʻa i nā māmela karnivorous ka nalu ʻelua o nā holoholona e hoʻi nei i ke kai ma hope o nā koholā. Ua hohola ʻia nā manamana wāwae o ko lākou wāwae a ulu nui me ka membrane mānoanoa, a lilo i flipers. ʻO nā sila hulu, ke hoʻoholo ʻia e ke ʻano o kā lākou mau kāmaʻa hope, kokoke loa i nā ʻano ʻāina kahiko o ke ola, a laila hele i loko o ka wai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Puka hulu i ke kūlohelohe
Hoʻololi ka nui o nā nui o ka wepa i nā ʻohana. ʻO nā ʻelele nui loa (Cape a me Far Hikina) hiki i ka lōʻihi o ʻelua a me ka hapa mika, a kaupaona ma kahi o 200 kg. ʻO nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi loa o nā sila hulu (Galapogos hulu sila) hiki i ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, ke kaumaha ma waena o 60-80 kg., I nā kāne. ʻO nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne - ʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i nā ʻano hulu hulu āpau, akā i kekahi e haʻi nui ia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: e hoʻokaʻawale i ka sila hulu mai ka sila, ua lawa ia e hoʻolohe i kā lākou pepeiao - pono e wehewehe pono ʻia a, ma ke ʻano he rula, uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu.
Hoʻolālā ke kino o nā sila hulu, pōkole ka ʻāʻī, mānoanoa, a me ka hana ʻole. ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ke kino, mu muʻu pōkole. ʻEleʻele nā maka, nunui; hoʻopuka ʻia nā puka ihu nui, i pili paʻa ke luʻu ke sila hulu.
Video: sila hulu
Pōkole a pālahalaha nā alo o mua i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. Aia nā wēlau o hope i ke kino o ke kino a ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā kaola o mua. ʻAʻole like me nā peʻa sila, nā pale wili o nā sila hulu i kūlike a ʻaʻole pili pū ke hele wāwae.
Loaʻa i nā kāne he mane ma ko lākou ʻāʻī - kahi mānoanoa mānoanoa o ka hulu. ʻO nā pili pili - nā liona kai - he hulu like. ʻO ka hapanui o nā subspecies o nā sila hulu i uhi paʻa ʻia, a ua waiwai nui ʻia kēia huluhulu ma ke ʻano he kālepa.
ʻEleʻele, liʻiliʻi, uhi paʻa ʻia nā kī maka hulu. Neʻe wikiwiki lākou i ka ʻāina ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha haʻahaʻa a me nā wili lōʻihi, e hoʻopōkole ai me ka makahiki.
Mea leʻaleʻa: He huelo ko nā sila, akā pōkole ia a ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia ma waena o nā lua o hope.
Hiki ke kaumaha ke kaupaona o nā sila hulu wahine ma waena o 25-60 kg, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano. ʻAʻohe o lākou lauoho mānoanoa a me nā mane, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ko lākou waha i ko nā kāne. He maka maikaʻi ʻole nā sila hulu āpau, e like me ka myopia, akā maikaʻi ka lohe a me ka ʻaʻala. He hiki iā lākou ke eolocate, no laila hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā mea ʻino ma lalo o ka wai.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka sila hulu a me ka sila. E ʻike kākou ma hea kahi e noho ai kēia holoholona kupaianaha.
Ma hea e noho ai ka sila hulu?
Kiʻi: sila hulu i Lūkia
Koho nā sila i nā mokupuni a me nā kahakai ma kahi noho, kahi e noho ai lākou i nā ʻohana hipa nui. Noho lākou ma kahi kokoke i ka wai paʻakai a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o ka wai kai e like me nā muliwai a me nā loko. Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā sila i ke ola ma ka ʻāina ma mua o nā sila, koho lākou i nā kahakai akahai, ʻo ka hapa nui. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā mokupuni pōhaku nele, kahi e iho ai lākou i ka lā.
Ma ka laulā, hiki ke loaʻa nā sila hulu i nā wahi aʻe:
- Kaleponi;
- Iapana;
- Nā Mokupuni Pākīpika;
- ke kapakai o Amerika Hema;
- Nā Mokupuni Falkland;
- Aotearoa;
- hema a komohana o ʻAukekulelia;
- Pae ʻāina ʻo Galapagos;
- Nā Pae ʻĀina o Keokia Hema;
- Nā Mokupuni Sandiche Hema;
- Nā Aliʻi ʻEnelani Edward;
- South Shetland, Nā Mokupuni ʻo Orkney;
- Bouvet;
- Kerguelen;
- Hurd;
- Macquarie;
- Pākuʻi Bass;
- ke kapakai o ka Waonahele ʻo Namib ma ʻApelika Hema;
- ʻAkelanika Hema a me ʻAmelekona.
Makemake nā peʻa huluhulu i nā wai mehana. Hele maʻamau lākou me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu i nā wahi mehana, e ʻauʻau ana mai kahi mokupuni a kahi mokupuni i kahi pūʻulu nui. Akā i nā wahi mehana, hiki i nā sila hulu ke noho i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka sila hulu Kerguelen ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia i ke anuanu anuanu, no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa kokoke ma waena o Antarctica, akā alakaʻi ia i kahi nohona neʻe.
Koho nā wili huluhulu i nā wahi ākea no nā rookeries, mai kūkulu hale a ʻeli i nā lua. He mau holoholona teritori lākou, a ke kiaʻi ʻia nei ka ʻāina e ke kāne, ʻoiai hiki i nā wahine keʻa kaʻawale i nā palena o ka pūʻolo a hele mai i kahi mau lumi ʻē aʻe.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka sila hulu?
Kiʻi: sila mai ka puke ʻula
ʻO nā sila he carnivores wale nō. Hele lākou i waho e hānai i kēlā me kēia lā, koe wale no ka wā hānai. I nā sila kau wela e ʻai nui e mālama i ka momona i ke kau anuanu, ke nui ʻole ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā sila hulu i kēlā me kēia lā.
- nā iʻa like ʻole (ʻo ka hānai nui, ka heleuma, ka pike, ka manō liʻiliʻi, cod, stickleback, flounder);
- like me ka palaka;
- crustaceans;
- pelupelu ʻana i nā molluscs;
- heʻe, heʻe, cuttlefish, jellyfish.
Ikaika loa ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai i nā sila hulu, no laila ʻaʻole hōʻike nā hōʻike a me nā autopsies o nā holoholona i make i kahi hōʻailona kūpono o ka papaʻai o nā sila hulu. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ua ʻai pū lākou i nā jellyfish ʻawahia, e lana ana i nā rookeries hulu hulu.
Noho pinepine nā manu like ʻole ma kahi o nā sila hulu - gull, albatrosses, petrel. ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻike i ka huhū i nā hoalauna a ʻaʻole ʻimi holoholona ma ka ʻāina, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻohana o nā sila hulu, nā sila, hiki ke hoʻouka i nā manu a me nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa loaʻa nā limu i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā sila hulu: hele hewa paha lākou i laila me nā iʻa; akā naʻe, i kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia nā sila e nahu ana i ka mauʻu i nā rookeries.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: nānā ʻole nā sila i ka salemona a me nā halibuts - ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka iki i kēia iʻa.
I ka wai, he dexterous a weliweli loa nā sila. Neʻe wikiwiki lākou i lalo o ka wai a hopu i nā mea pio lohi, komo koke i lalo. Aia i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā sila hulu nā ʻiliʻili i lawe ʻia e lākou i ke kaʻina o ka hānai ʻana - hana lākou ma ke ʻano he "grater", e kōkua ana i ka ʻōpū e kūpale me ka meaʻai paʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: nā sila
ʻO nā sila he mau holoholona gregarious e holo ana ma nā kapakai a me nā mokupuni. ʻAi lākou i ka pō a me ke ao, ke hilinaʻi nei i kā lākou lohe ʻana, honi a me ka hoʻomana ʻana. Ma ke kahakai, ua lū lākou i ka lā a hoʻomaha, ʻeli ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Hele hewa lākou i ka ʻāina, e hoʻokuke nei me nā wēlau o mua a me hope a hoʻolei i ko lākou ʻāʻī i mua a i mua. I ka neʻe ʻana, kōkua ʻia lākou e ka momona subcutaneous, kahi a lākou e kolo aʻe ai, e pahu ana i ka honua. Akā ʻauʻau pololei nā sila hulu, hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki o 17 a 26 km., Kahi hola.
Hele mau nā peʻa huluhulu ʻākau me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, ʻau i nā wahi mehana. Ma laila lākou e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā rookeries a ʻaʻole ʻai iki, e lilo ana ka nui o ke kaumaha i ke kau anuanu. I ka puna ua hoʻi lākou, hoʻonohonoho i ka wā hānau.
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole huhū a hilahila nā sila, ʻoiai he wahi no ka hoihoi. I ka wā hoʻoulu holoholona wale nō ke kūpikipiki loa o nā kāne a ʻaʻohe hānai hānai ma muli o ka nānā mau ʻana o nā wahine.
He polygamous nā sila hulu. He harem ko ke kāne mai ʻekolu a i ʻole kanaha mau kānaka - ʻo ka nui o ka harem e pili ana i ka ikaika o ke kāne a me kāna hakakā. Pono ʻo ia e hoʻokau pinepine i nā wahine mai nā kāne ʻē aʻe e makemake e hana i kā lākou mau harem.
ʻAʻohe o nā sila hulu i mea pale nona iho. He pale ʻole lākou i ka ʻāina a i ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki i nā sila wahine hulu ke pale aku i kā lākou keiki bipi, e hoʻouka kaua ʻia paha e nā mea ʻaihue pae ʻāina a i ʻole nā manu nui e like me nā ʻaleme. Inā pilikia, makemake lākou e holo i ka wai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: sila hulu pēpē
Aia ka wā hoʻoulu i ka puna, akā hiki i kēia ma mua a ma hope paha, e like me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wela. ʻAʻau nā kāne i nā rookeries - nā mokupuni a me nā kahakai, e hoʻāʻo nei e noho i ka nui o ka ʻāina i hiki. Ma laila lākou e hoʻomaka ai i kā lākou kaua mua no ke kuleana e noho i kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina. Noho ka kāne ikaika loa i kahi ʻāina nui.
Hoʻomaka ke kani ʻana o nā kāne, e ʻumeʻume nei i nā wahine i ko lākou wahi. Holo manuahi nā wahine ma waena o nā panalāʻau o nā kāne, e koho ana i kahi kūpono loa no ka hānau ʻana. Inā makemake lākou i ka ʻāina, e noho lākou me kēia kāne - no laila lawe nā kāne ikaika loa i nā ʻāina nui a me nā wahine.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: I kekahi manawa e hoʻāʻo kahi kāne e ʻaihue i kahi wahine mai kahi wahine ʻē aʻe ma ka hopu ʻana iā ia e ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī. Eia kekahi, inā ʻike ka "mea nāna" o ka wahine i kēia, e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kauō iā ia i kāna ala. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui ma waena o nā kānaka, ʻeha pinepine ka wahine i nā ʻeha i kūlike ʻole me ke ola ma hope o kēlā hakakā.
Hiki i ka harem ke helu i nā wahine he kanahā. I ka manawa like, hānau ka moena, kahi e hoʻomaka hou ai nā kāne i kā lākou kaua, a koho hou nā wahine i ke kāne e hoʻohua ai nā keiki. Hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi makahiki, akā i ka wā o kona hāpai ʻana hiki iā ia ke male me nā kāne ʻē aʻe.
I nā wā mua o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻeleu ka wahine e like me ma mua, akā ma hope o ʻeono mau mahina hele ʻo ia e hānai pinepine. ʻO ka pili loa o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ka manawa ke lilo ka wahine i kahakai, a hānai kona kino i nā mālama momona. Ma kahi o ʻelua pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, noho ʻo ia me ka pēpē a hānai iā ia. Hānau ʻia kahi sila hulu ke kaupaona ʻia ma luna o ʻelua kg wale nō, a i ka mua ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa i ke kahakai.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, ua wiwi loa ka wahine a koi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka pēpē wale a hele i ka ʻimi holoholona. I loko o kēia wā, hiki i ka sila hulu ke holo mua i ke kahakai ʻoiai ke kali nei ka makuahine. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka makuahine, palupalu ʻo ia, no ka mea hiki wawe iā ia ke haki ʻia e nā sila hulu ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana iā ia.
ʻImi hoihoi: Hiki i kahi kāne mai kahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe ke komo i loko e hānau i nā wahine e male pū me lākou; Pepehi ʻo ia i kā lākou mau keiki ʻoiai nā wahine e hopu holoholona.
ʻO ke kino make o nā holoholona ʻōpio he kiʻekiʻe loa. Inā nalowale kahi wahine i hoʻokahi keiki i loko o ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a laila hiki iā ia ke hāpai hou, akā ʻaʻole ola nā keiki lohi i ka hōʻea ʻana o ke anuanu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā sila hulu
Kiʻi: sila hulu liʻiliʻi
He mea nui ka wepa hulu i ke kaulahao meaʻai. ʻOiai e pio ana i nā iʻa a me nā iʻa he nui, hopu nā mea ola ʻē aʻe i ka sila hulu.
Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:
- kohola kohola. Ke ʻimi nei kēia mau mea ʻaihue formidable i nā sila hulu ʻaʻole wale no ka meaʻai, akā no ka leʻaleʻa pū kekahi. Kalaiwa lākou i hoʻokahi kanaka i kahi mokupuni liʻiliʻi, a laila kiola ʻia i luna ona, e hopu ana i ka mea pio. I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kohola kohola e kīloi ana i nā sila hulu i ka lewa a paʻa iā lākou;
- manō, me nā keʻokeʻo nui. Wikiwiki ka manō e alualu i nā sila hulu, a hāʻawi pinepine lākou i nā iʻa nui;
- lele nā albatross, petrel, cormorants i nā sila hulu ʻōpio - pale ʻole nā wili hulu liʻiliʻi i nā manu nui.
Ke hoʻouka ʻia kahi sila hulu e kahi manō a kohola kohola paha, ʻo ka mea mua e hana ai e hoʻāʻo e ʻauʻau, a hōʻea i ka wikiwiki a 26 km i kēlā me kēia hola. I kekahi manawa ua lawa kēia e hele ai i ke kapakai kokoke loa a puka i ka ʻāina, ʻoiai e hoʻolei ʻia kekahi mau manō a me nā kohola kohola ma uka o lākou. I kekahi manawa pāʻani keaka hoʻomākeʻaka me nā manō keʻokeʻo nui, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻi i ka wai, no laila make pū lākou me ka sila hulu i ko lākou mau niho.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: sila i ka wai
I ke kenekulia 18, ʻo ka heluna kanaka o nā sila hulu manu kahi mea kalepa. Ma muli o ko lākou huluhulu palupalu a momona momona, hoʻopau koke ka poʻe i nā sila hulu pēpē pēpē, ʻo ia ke kumu, i loko o ʻelua mau kenekulia, ua hōʻea nā sila i kahi pae o ka heluna kanaka koʻikoʻi, aia ma ka ʻane o ka make.
ʻAʻole i kūpono nā hana e pale aku ai i nā sila hulu, a ua make paha lākou inā ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā ʻili hulu ma ka mākeke no ka mea ua hāʻule lākou i ke kumukūʻai. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻimi hulu hipa ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻO ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā sila huluhulu i alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lehulehu. ʻO kahi nui loa o nā sila hulu i ʻike ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo South Georgia, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ma mua o ʻelua miliona mau kānaka. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā subspecies o nā sila hulu i kahi kūlana paʻa i ka helu o nā helu, akā inā he ʻokoʻa.
Hele maikaʻi nā peʻa huluhulu me nā kānaka i ka pio. He trainable a non-agresibo a palekana hoʻi e hoʻopili aku, ʻaʻole like me nā sila a me nā liona kai. I nā zoo a me nā aquarium, hānai ʻia nā sila hulu me nā iʻa make - herring a me ka heleuma.
Pale pale
Kiʻi: sila mai ka puke ʻula
ʻO ka Northern Fur Seal aia i ka International Red Book mai 1911. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka lawaiʻa ākea ʻana ma muli o ka ʻili kino a me nā momona, i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻano hoʻōla he nui. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia ʻo Tyuleniy Island a me nā mokupuni Commander i mālama ʻia no ka nui o nā rookeries o nā sila hulu ʻākau.
Ua lilo ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka sila hulu o ka ʻākau i 1780, i ka manawa o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hui Lūkini-ʻAmelika. I ka manawa mai 1799 a 1867 wale nō, ua luku ʻia ma mua o ʻelua a me ka hapa miliona o kēia ʻohana.
Ua heleleʻi ka helu o nā sila hulu i 130 tausani e 1910, kahi māka koʻikoʻi ma muli o ke ola pōkole o ke ola a me ke ola maikaʻi ʻole o nā holoholona ʻōpio. I kēia manawa, ʻae wale ʻia nā sila hulu kāne ʻākau ʻekahi e ʻimi. I ke pio ʻana, ola nā sila i 30 mau makahiki, akā i ka nāhelehele, make ka hapa nui i nā makahiki mua ʻelua o ke ola.
Sila hulu He holoholona kupaianaha ia e noho ana i nā panalāʻau he nui o ka Honua.ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli wale ʻia e nā mea ʻānai holoholona a me nā mea ʻaihue kūlohelohe (hoʻomake wale nā koholā a me nā manō i ka heluna o nā sila hulu, akā ʻaʻole e luku iā lākou), akā me ka hoʻomehana honua hoʻi. Ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā aniani a me ka haumia o nā moana o ka honua, ua hoʻonele ʻia lākou i nā rookeries a me nā ʻāina no ka hopu holoholona.
Lā paʻi: 23.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 19:37
